diff --git a/crates/cargo-util-schemas/src/manifest/mod.rs b/crates/cargo-util-schemas/src/manifest/mod.rs
index 375d0de451a..25df09ba6f7 100644
--- a/crates/cargo-util-schemas/src/manifest/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/cargo-util-schemas/src/manifest/mod.rs
@@ -1503,6 +1503,13 @@ impl TomlLint {
             Self::Config(config) => config.priority,
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn config(&self) -> Option<&toml::Table> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Level(_) => None,
+            Self::Config(config) => Some(&config.config),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
@@ -1511,6 +1518,8 @@ pub struct TomlLintConfig {
     pub level: TomlLintLevel,
     #[serde(default)]
     pub priority: i8,
+    #[serde(flatten)]
+    pub config: toml::Table,
 }
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
diff --git a/src/cargo/core/compiler/build_runner/mod.rs b/src/cargo/core/compiler/build_runner/mod.rs
index 7dce02c2fb8..c5a926d50af 100644
--- a/src/cargo/core/compiler/build_runner/mod.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/core/compiler/build_runner/mod.rs
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ impl<'a, 'gctx> BuildRunner<'a, 'gctx> {
                 let mut args = compiler::extern_args(&self, unit, &mut unstable_opts)?;
                 args.extend(compiler::lto_args(&self, unit));
                 args.extend(compiler::features_args(unit));
-                args.extend(compiler::check_cfg_args(&self, unit));
+                args.extend(compiler::check_cfg_args(&self, unit)?);
 
                 let script_meta = self.find_build_script_metadata(unit);
                 if let Some(meta) = script_meta {
diff --git a/src/cargo/core/compiler/mod.rs b/src/cargo/core/compiler/mod.rs
index f30368e0fbe..706ff530a19 100644
--- a/src/cargo/core/compiler/mod.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/core/compiler/mod.rs
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ use std::io::{BufRead, Write};
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use anyhow::{Context as _, Error};
+use anyhow::{bail, Context as _, Error};
 use lazycell::LazyCell;
 use tracing::{debug, trace};
 
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ fn prepare_rustdoc(build_runner: &BuildRunner<'_, '_>, unit: &Unit) -> CargoResu
     let doc_dir = build_runner.files().out_dir(unit);
     rustdoc.arg("-o").arg(&doc_dir);
     rustdoc.args(&features_args(unit));
-    rustdoc.args(&check_cfg_args(build_runner, unit));
+    rustdoc.args(&check_cfg_args(build_runner, unit)?);
 
     add_error_format_and_color(build_runner, &mut rustdoc);
     add_allow_features(build_runner, &mut rustdoc);
@@ -1125,7 +1125,7 @@ fn build_base_args(
     }
 
     cmd.args(&features_args(unit));
-    cmd.args(&check_cfg_args(build_runner, unit));
+    cmd.args(&check_cfg_args(build_runner, unit)?);
 
     let meta = build_runner.files().metadata(unit);
     cmd.arg("-C").arg(&format!("metadata={}", meta));
@@ -1310,7 +1310,7 @@ fn trim_paths_args(
 }
 
 /// Generates the `--check-cfg` arguments for the `unit`.
-fn check_cfg_args(build_runner: &BuildRunner<'_, '_>, unit: &Unit) -> Vec<OsString> {
+fn check_cfg_args(build_runner: &BuildRunner<'_, '_>, unit: &Unit) -> CargoResult<Vec<OsString>> {
     if build_runner
         .bcx
         .target_data
@@ -1353,14 +1353,39 @@ fn check_cfg_args(build_runner: &BuildRunner<'_, '_>, unit: &Unit) -> Vec<OsStri
         // Cargo and docs.rs than rustc and docs.rs. In particular, all users of docs.rs use
         // Cargo, but not all users of rustc (like Rust-for-Linux) use docs.rs.
 
-        vec![
+        let mut args = vec![
             OsString::from("--check-cfg"),
             OsString::from("cfg(docsrs)"),
             OsString::from("--check-cfg"),
             arg_feature,
-        ]
+        ];
+
+        // Also include the custom arguments specified in `[lints.rust.unexpected_cfgs.check_cfg]`
+        if let Ok(Some(lints)) = unit.pkg.manifest().resolved_toml().resolved_lints() {
+            if let Some(rust_lints) = lints.get("rust") {
+                if let Some(unexpected_cfgs) = rust_lints.get("unexpected_cfgs") {
+                    if let Some(config) = unexpected_cfgs.config() {
+                        if let Some(check_cfg) = config.get("check-cfg") {
+                            if let Ok(check_cfgs) =
+                                toml::Value::try_into::<Vec<String>>(check_cfg.clone())
+                            {
+                                for check_cfg in check_cfgs {
+                                    args.push(OsString::from("--check-cfg"));
+                                    args.push(OsString::from(check_cfg));
+                                }
+                            // error about `check-cfg` not being a list-of-string
+                            } else {
+                                bail!("`lints.rust.unexpected_cfgs.check-cfg` must be a list of string");
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(args)
     } else {
-        Vec::new()
+        Ok(Vec::new())
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/cargo/util/toml/mod.rs b/src/cargo/util/toml/mod.rs
index 813868ac3ec..088dd0196ad 100644
--- a/src/cargo/util/toml/mod.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/util/toml/mod.rs
@@ -2265,7 +2265,7 @@ supported tools: {}",
         if tool == "cargo" && !gctx.cli_unstable().cargo_lints {
             warn_for_cargo_lint_feature(gctx, warnings);
         }
-        for name in lints.keys() {
+        for (name, config) in lints {
             if let Some((prefix, suffix)) = name.split_once("::") {
                 if tool == prefix {
                     anyhow::bail!(
@@ -2278,6 +2278,19 @@ supported tools: {}",
                 } else {
                     anyhow::bail!("`lints.{tool}.{name}` is not a valid lint name")
                 }
+            } else if let Some(config) = config.config() {
+                for config_name in config.keys() {
+                    // manually report unused manifest key warning since we collect all the "extra"
+                    // keys and values inside the config table
+                    //
+                    // except for `rust.unexpected_cfgs.check-cfg` which is used by rustc/rustdoc
+                    if !(tool == "rust" && name == "unexpected_cfgs" && config_name == "check-cfg")
+                    {
+                        let message =
+                            format!("unused manifest key: `lints.{tool}.{name}.{config_name}`");
+                        warnings.push(message);
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/doc/src/reference/build-scripts.md b/src/doc/src/reference/build-scripts.md
index a540de7a373..1f1fd0041dc 100644
--- a/src/doc/src/reference/build-scripts.md
+++ b/src/doc/src/reference/build-scripts.md
@@ -292,32 +292,6 @@ if foo_bar_condition {
 }
 ```
 
-##### Example of local-only `build.rs`/build script
-
-Build scripts can impose costs on downstream users, and crate authors who wish to avoid
-this can use "local-only" build scripts, which are active locally but not packaged in the
-distributed package. Completly removing the cost from downstream users. 
-
-The way to achieved this, is by excluding the `build.rs` in the `Cargo.toml` with the
-`exclude` key:
-
-```diff
-  [package]
-  name = "foo"
-  version = "0.1.0"
-+ exclude = ["build.rs"]
-```
-
-*`build.rs`:*
-```rust
-fn main() {
-    // Warning: build.rs is not published to crates.io.
-
-    println!("cargo::rerun-if-changed=build.rs");
-    println!("cargo::rustc-check-cfg=cfg(foo)");
-}
-```
-
 For a more complete example see in the [build script examples][build-script-examples] page
 the [conditional compilation][conditional-compilation-example] example.
 
diff --git a/tests/testsuite/check_cfg.rs b/tests/testsuite/check_cfg.rs
index dff0d538a51..513517995d3 100644
--- a/tests/testsuite/check_cfg.rs
+++ b/tests/testsuite/check_cfg.rs
@@ -496,3 +496,331 @@ fn build_script_test() {
         .with_stdout_contains_n("test [..] ... ok", 3)
         .run();
 }
+
+#[cargo_test(>=1.79, reason = "--check-cfg was stabilized in Rust 1.79")]
+fn config_simple() {
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.1.0"
+                edition = "2015"
+
+                [lints.rust]
+                unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ["cfg(has_foo)", "cfg(has_bar, values(\"yes\", \"no\"))"] }
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file("src/main.rs", "fn main() {}")
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("check -v")
+        .with_stderr_contains(x!("rustc" => "cfg" of "has_foo"))
+        .with_stderr_contains(x!("rustc" => "cfg" of "has_bar" with "yes" "no"))
+        .with_stderr_does_not_contain("[..]unused manifest key[..]")
+        .run();
+}
+
+#[cargo_test(>=1.79, reason = "--check-cfg was stabilized in Rust 1.79")]
+fn config_workspace() {
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [workspace]
+                members = ["foo/"]
+
+                [workspace.lints.rust]
+                unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ["cfg(has_foo)"] }
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file(
+            "foo/Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.1.0"
+                edition = "2015"
+
+                [lints]
+                workspace = true
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file("foo/src/main.rs", "fn main() {}")
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("check -v")
+        .with_stderr_contains(x!("rustc" => "cfg" of "has_foo"))
+        .with_stderr_does_not_contain("unexpected_cfgs")
+        .run();
+}
+
+#[cargo_test(>=1.79, reason = "--check-cfg was stabilized in Rust 1.79")]
+fn config_workspace_not_inherited() {
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [workspace]
+                members = ["foo/"]
+
+                [workspace.lints.rust]
+                unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ["cfg(has_foo)"] }
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file(
+            "foo/Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.1.0"
+                edition = "2015"
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file("foo/src/main.rs", "fn main() {}")
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("check -v")
+        .with_stderr_does_not_contain(x!("rustc" => "cfg" of "has_foo"))
+        .with_stderr_does_not_contain("unexpected_cfgs")
+        .run();
+}
+
+#[cargo_test(>=1.79, reason = "--check-cfg was stabilized in Rust 1.79")]
+fn config_invalid_position() {
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.1.0"
+                edition = "2015"
+
+                [lints.rust]
+                use_bracket = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ["cfg(has_foo)"] }
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file("src/main.rs", "fn main() {}")
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("check -v")
+        .with_stderr_contains("[..]unused manifest key: `lints.rust.use_bracket.check-cfg`[..]")
+        .with_stderr_does_not_contain(x!("rustc" => "cfg" of "has_foo"))
+        .run();
+}
+
+#[cargo_test(>=1.79, reason = "--check-cfg was stabilized in Rust 1.79")]
+fn config_invalid_empty() {
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.1.0"
+                edition = "2015"
+
+                [lints.rust]
+                unexpected_cfgs = { }
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file("src/main.rs", "fn main() {}")
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("check")
+        .with_stderr_contains("[..]missing field `level`[..]")
+        .run_expect_error();
+}
+
+#[cargo_test(>=1.79, reason = "--check-cfg was stabilized in Rust 1.79")]
+fn config_invalid_not_list() {
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.1.0"
+                edition = "2015"
+
+                [lints.rust]
+                unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = "cfg()" }
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file("src/main.rs", "fn main() {}")
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("check")
+        .with_status(101)
+        .with_stderr_contains(
+            "[ERROR] `lints.rust.unexpected_cfgs.check-cfg` must be a list of string",
+        )
+        .run();
+}
+
+#[cargo_test(>=1.79, reason = "--check-cfg was stabilized in Rust 1.79")]
+fn config_invalid_not_list_string() {
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.1.0"
+                edition = "2015"
+
+                [lints.rust]
+                unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = [12] }
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file("src/main.rs", "fn main() {}")
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("check")
+        .with_status(101)
+        .with_stderr_contains(
+            "[ERROR] `lints.rust.unexpected_cfgs.check-cfg` must be a list of string",
+        )
+        .run();
+}
+
+#[cargo_test(>=1.79, reason = "--check-cfg was stabilized in Rust 1.79")]
+fn config_and_features() {
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.1.0"
+                edition = "2015"
+
+                [features]
+                my_feature = []
+                alloc = []
+
+                [lints.rust]
+                unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ["cfg(has_foo)", "cfg(has_bar, values(\"yes\", \"no\"))"] }
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file("src/main.rs", "fn main() {}")
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("check -v")
+        .with_stderr_contains(x!("rustc" => "cfg" of "has_foo"))
+        .with_stderr_contains(x!("rustc" => "cfg" of "has_bar" with "yes" "no"))
+        .with_stderr_contains(x!("rustc" => "cfg" of "feature" with "alloc" "my_feature"))
+        .run();
+}
+
+#[cargo_test(>=1.79, reason = "--check-cfg was stabilized in Rust 1.79")]
+fn config_with_cargo_doc() {
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.1.0"
+                edition = "2015"
+
+                [lints.rust]
+                unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ["cfg(has_foo)"] }
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file("src/main.rs", "fn main() {}")
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("doc -v")
+        .with_stderr_contains(x!("rustdoc" => "cfg" of "has_foo"))
+        .run();
+}
+
+#[cargo_test(>=1.79, reason = "--check-cfg was stabilized in Rust 1.79")]
+fn config_with_cargo_test() {
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.1.0"
+                edition = "2015"
+
+                [lints.rust]
+                unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ["cfg(has_foo)"] }
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file("src/main.rs", "fn main() {}")
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("test -v")
+        .with_stderr_contains(x!("rustc" => "cfg" of "has_foo"))
+        .run();
+}
+
+#[cargo_test(>=1.79, reason = "--check-cfg was stabilized in Rust 1.79")]
+fn config_and_build_script() {
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.0.1"
+                edition = "2021"
+                build = "build.rs"
+
+                [lints.rust]
+                unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ["cfg(bar)"] }
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file("src/main.rs", "fn main() {}")
+        .file(
+            "build.rs",
+            r#"fn main() { println!("cargo::rustc-check-cfg=cfg(foo)"); }"#,
+        )
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("check -v")
+        .with_stderr_contains(x!("rustc" => "cfg" of "foo")) // from build.rs
+        .with_stderr_contains(x!("rustc" => "cfg" of "bar")) // from config
+        .run();
+}
+
+#[cargo_test(>=1.79, reason = "--check-cfg was stabilized in Rust 1.79")]
+fn config_features_and_build_script() {
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.0.1"
+                edition = "2021"
+                build = "build.rs"
+
+                [features]
+                serde = []
+                json = []
+
+                [lints.rust]
+                unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ["cfg(bar)"] }
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file("src/main.rs", "fn main() {}")
+        .file(
+            "build.rs",
+            r#"fn main() { println!("cargo::rustc-check-cfg=cfg(foo)"); }"#,
+        )
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("check -v")
+        .with_stderr_contains(x!("rustc" => "cfg" of "foo")) // from build.rs
+        .with_stderr_contains(x!("rustc" => "cfg" of "bar")) // from config
+        .with_stderr_contains(x!("rustc" => "cfg" of "feature" with "json" "serde")) // features
+        .with_stderr_contains(x!("rustc" => "cfg" of "docsrs")) // Cargo well known
+        .run();
+}
diff --git a/tests/testsuite/lints_table.rs b/tests/testsuite/lints_table.rs
index cb376b18213..93f44b5e816 100644
--- a/tests/testsuite/lints_table.rs
+++ b/tests/testsuite/lints_table.rs
@@ -172,8 +172,8 @@ fn warn_on_unused_key() {
     foo.cargo("check")
         .with_stderr(
             "\
-[WARNING] [CWD]/Cargo.toml: unused manifest key: lints.rust.rust-2018-idioms.unused
-[WARNING] [CWD]/Cargo.toml: unused manifest key: workspace.lints.rust.rust-2018-idioms.unused
+[WARNING][..]unused manifest key: `lints.rust.rust-2018-idioms.unused`
+[WARNING][..]unused manifest key: `lints.rust.rust-2018-idioms.unused`
 [CHECKING] foo v0.0.1 ([CWD])
 [FINISHED] `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in [..]s
 ",