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Hungarian Transliteration of Korean

Pronunciation of the syllables may change due to the syllables before and after them. Hungarian does not have long 'a' and short 'á' vowels, thus the length of vowels is not noted.

Pronunciation Guide

Leading consonants - ㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ Trailing consonants - ㄱ ㄲ ㄱㅅ ㄴ ㄴㅈ ㄴㅎ ㄷ ㄹ ㄹㄱ ㄹㅁ ㄹㅂ ㄹㅅ ㄹㅌ ㄹㅍ ㄹㅎ ㅁ ㅂ ㅂㅅ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ Vowels (in the middle) - ㅏ ㅐ ㅑ ㅒ ㅓ ㅔ ㅕ ㅖ ㅗ ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ ㅛ ㅜ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅠ ㅡ ㅢ ㅣ

Consonants

Basic Consonants

  • ㄱ (g)
    • k: word-initially
    • g: word-finally
  • ㄴ (n)
    • n: always
  • ㄷ (d)
    • t: word-initially, next to h, after stops, before stops or word-finally
    • d: between vowels, after nasals and liquids
    • n: before nasals
  • ㄹ(sound between r and l, noted as r)
    • r: word-initially, word-finally
  • ㅁ (m)
    • m: always
  • ㅂ (b)
    • p: word-initially
    • b: word-finally
  • ㅅ (sz)
    • sz: word-initially
    • g: word-finally
  • ㅇ (no sound/ng)
    • no sound: at the beginning of the syllable
    • ng: at the end of the syllable
  • ㅈ (dzs)
    • dzs: always
  • ㅊ (cs)
    • cs: at the beginning of the syllable
    • d: word-finally and when preceding a vowel
  • ㅋ (k)
    • k: word-initially
    • g: word-finally and when preceding a vowel
    • ŋ: before nasals
  • ㅌ (t)
    • t: syllable-initially, before stops, or word-finally
    • n: before nasals
  • ㅍ (p)
    • p: word-initially
    • b: word-finally
  • ㅎ(h)
    • h: word-initially
    • h: word-finally

Complex Consonants

These consonants may only appear at the end of the word.

  • ㄳ
  • ㄵ
  • ㄶ
  • ㄺ
  • ㄻ
  • ㄼ
  • ㄽ
  • ㄾ
  • ㄿ
  • ㅀ
  • ㅄ

Tense Consonants

  • ㄲ (gg)
    • k: before stops, or word-finally
    • ŋ: before nasals
  • ㄸ (dd)
    • t: always (maybe double to emphasize the difference)
  • ㅃ (bb)
    • p: always (maybe double to emphasize the difference)
  • ㅆ (ssz)
    • sz: always (maybe double to emphasize the difference)
  • ㅉ (ddzs)
    • dzs: always (maybe double to emphasize the difference)

Exceptions

  • When preceding a vowel or appearing in a final position, each of the bottom consonants ㄲ, ㅋ, ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅌ andㅍ is pronounced as its proxy consonant ㄱ, ㄷ, orㅂ.
  • When preceding a vowel or appearing in a final position, each of the bottom consonant pairs ㄳ, ㄵ, ㄼ, ㄽ, ㄾ, andㅄis pronounced as its proxy consonant ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄹ, orㅂ.
  • When preceding a vowel or appearing in a final position, each of the bottom consonant pairs ㄺ, ㄻ andㄿis pronounced as its proxy consonant ㄱ, ㅁ, orㅂ.
  • ㅎ (ㄶor ㅀ) combines with the first sound of the ensuing syllable and is pronounced ㅋ, ㅌor ㅊwhen it precedes a ㄱ, ㄷ, orㅈ. Likewise, ㅎ combines with the bottom consonant of a preceding syllable to be pronounced ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍor ㅊ when it succeeds ㄱ (ㄺ), ㄷ, ㅂ (ㄼ) orㅈ (ㄵ).

Vowels

Simple vowels

  • ㅏ = á
  • ㅑ = já
  • ㅓ= a
  • ㅕ = ja
  • ㅗ = o
  • ㅛ = jo
  • ㅜ = u
  • ㅠ = ju
  • ㅡ = ü
  • ㅣ= i

Complex vowels

  • ㅐ = e
  • ㅒ = je
  • ㅔ = é
  • ㅖ = é/jé
  • ㅘ = vá
  • ㅙ = ve
  • ㅚ = vé
  • ㅝ - va
  • ㅞ - ve
  • ㅟ - vi
  • ㅢ - üi/i

Exceptions

  • In case of verb conjugation 져, 쪄 and 쳐 turn into 저, 쩌 and 처. In Hungarian it would be csj to cs. Due to an already existing grammar rule in Hungarian which says that csj turns into ccs, the program will transliterate it as csj since it would be too complicated to check what part of speech a word belongs to.
  • ㅖis pronounced as 'é' except in 예 and 례
  • ㅢ is pronounced as 'i' if the syllable starts with a consonant

Disregarded rules

  • Exception: 밟 is pronounced as 밥 when it precedes a consonant, and 넓 is pronounced as 넙 in instances like the following.

Sources