diff --git a/.cirrus.yml b/.cirrus.yml
index d1e8a7a..f34e6ab 100644
--- a/.cirrus.yml
+++ b/.cirrus.yml
@@ -28,11 +28,6 @@ freebsd_task:
     - sudo sysctl net.inet.tcp.blackhole=0
     - . $HOME/.cargo/env
     - cargo test --target $TARGET
-    # Test async-io
-    - git clone https://github.com/smol-rs/async-io.git
-    - echo '[patch.crates-io]' >> async-io/Cargo.toml
-    - echo 'polling = { path = ".." }' >> async-io/Cargo.toml
-    - cargo test --target $TARGET --manifest-path=async-io/Cargo.toml
 
 netbsd_task:
   name: test ($TARGET)
@@ -49,11 +44,6 @@ netbsd_task:
   test_script:
     - . $HOME/.cargo/env
     - cargo test
-    # Test async-io
-    - git clone https://github.com/smol-rs/async-io.git
-    - echo '[patch.crates-io]' >> async-io/Cargo.toml
-    - echo 'polling = { path = ".." }' >> async-io/Cargo.toml
-    - cargo test --manifest-path=async-io/Cargo.toml
 
 openbsd_task:
   name: test ($TARGET)
@@ -69,8 +59,3 @@ openbsd_task:
     - pkg_add git rust
   test_script:
     - cargo test
-    # Test async-io
-    - git clone https://github.com/smol-rs/async-io.git
-    - echo '[patch.crates-io]' >> async-io/Cargo.toml
-    - echo 'polling = { path = ".." }' >> async-io/Cargo.toml
-    - cargo test --manifest-path=async-io/Cargo.toml
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index ff52e57..0500ba8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -56,14 +56,6 @@ jobs:
           RUSTFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTFLAGS }} --cfg polling_test_poll_backend
         if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu')
       - run: cargo hack build --feature-powerset --no-dev-deps
-      - name: Clone async-io
-        run: git clone https://github.com/smol-rs/async-io.git
-      - name: Add patch section
-        run: echo '[patch.crates-io]' >> async-io/Cargo.toml
-      - name: Patch polling
-        run: echo 'polling = { path = ".." }' >> async-io/Cargo.toml
-      - name: Test async-io
-        run: cargo test --manifest-path=async-io/Cargo.toml
 
   cross:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index b4885d2..4ff2de5 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ tracing = { version = "0.1.37", default-features = false }
 
 [target.'cfg(any(unix, target_os = "fuchsia", target_os = "vxworks"))'.dependencies]
 libc = "0.2.77"
-rustix = { version = "0.37.11", features = ["process", "time", "fs", "std"], default-features = false }
+rustix = { version = "0.38", features = ["event", "fs", "pipe", "process", "std", "time"], default-features = false }
 
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies]
 concurrent-queue = "2.2.0"
diff --git a/examples/two-listeners.rs b/examples/two-listeners.rs
index 3dcbc4b..02b2339 100644
--- a/examples/two-listeners.rs
+++ b/examples/two-listeners.rs
@@ -10,8 +10,10 @@ fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
     l2.set_nonblocking(true)?;
 
     let poller = Poller::new()?;
-    poller.add(&l1, Event::readable(1))?;
-    poller.add(&l2, Event::readable(2))?;
+    unsafe {
+        poller.add(&l1, Event::readable(1))?;
+        poller.add(&l2, Event::readable(2))?;
+    }
 
     println!("You can connect to the server using `nc`:");
     println!(" $ nc 127.0.0.1 8001");
diff --git a/src/epoll.rs b/src/epoll.rs
index 91931e2..4d21bbe 100644
--- a/src/epoll.rs
+++ b/src/epoll.rs
@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@ use std::io;
 use std::os::unix::io::{AsFd, AsRawFd, BorrowedFd, RawFd};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
+use rustix::event::{epoll, eventfd, EventfdFlags};
 use rustix::fd::OwnedFd;
-use rustix::io::{epoll, eventfd, read, write, EventfdFlags};
+use rustix::io::{read, write};
 use rustix::time::{
     timerfd_create, timerfd_settime, Itimerspec, TimerfdClockId, TimerfdFlags, TimerfdTimerFlags,
     Timespec,
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ impl Poller {
         // Create an epoll instance.
         //
         // Use `epoll_create1` with `EPOLL_CLOEXEC`.
-        let epoll_fd = epoll::epoll_create(epoll::CreateFlags::CLOEXEC)?;
+        let epoll_fd = epoll::create(epoll::CreateFlags::CLOEXEC)?;
 
         // Set up eventfd and timerfd.
         let event_fd = eventfd(0, EventfdFlags::CLOEXEC | EventfdFlags::NONBLOCK)?;
@@ -47,24 +48,26 @@ impl Poller {
             timer_fd,
         };
 
-        if let Some(ref timer_fd) = poller.timer_fd {
+        unsafe {
+            if let Some(ref timer_fd) = poller.timer_fd {
+                poller.add(
+                    timer_fd.as_raw_fd(),
+                    Event::none(crate::NOTIFY_KEY),
+                    PollMode::Oneshot,
+                )?;
+            }
+
             poller.add(
-                timer_fd.as_raw_fd(),
-                Event::none(crate::NOTIFY_KEY),
+                poller.event_fd.as_raw_fd(),
+                Event {
+                    key: crate::NOTIFY_KEY,
+                    readable: true,
+                    writable: false,
+                },
                 PollMode::Oneshot,
             )?;
         }
 
-        poller.add(
-            poller.event_fd.as_raw_fd(),
-            Event {
-                key: crate::NOTIFY_KEY,
-                readable: true,
-                writable: false,
-            },
-            PollMode::Oneshot,
-        )?;
-
         tracing::trace!(
             epoll_fd = ?poller.epoll_fd.as_raw_fd(),
             event_fd = ?poller.event_fd.as_raw_fd(),
@@ -85,7 +88,12 @@ impl Poller {
     }
 
     /// Adds a new file descriptor.
-    pub fn add(&self, fd: RawFd, ev: Event, mode: PollMode) -> io::Result<()> {
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// The `fd` must be a valid file descriptor. The usual condition of remaining registered in
+    /// the `Poller` doesn't apply to `epoll`.
+    pub unsafe fn add(&self, fd: RawFd, ev: Event, mode: PollMode) -> io::Result<()> {
         let span = tracing::trace_span!(
             "add",
             epoll_fd = ?self.epoll_fd.as_raw_fd(),
@@ -94,10 +102,10 @@ impl Poller {
         );
         let _enter = span.enter();
 
-        epoll::epoll_add(
+        epoll::add(
             &self.epoll_fd,
             unsafe { rustix::fd::BorrowedFd::borrow_raw(fd) },
-            ev.key as u64,
+            epoll::EventData::new_u64(ev.key as u64),
             epoll_flags(&ev, mode),
         )?;
 
@@ -105,7 +113,7 @@ impl Poller {
     }
 
     /// Modifies an existing file descriptor.
-    pub fn modify(&self, fd: RawFd, ev: Event, mode: PollMode) -> io::Result<()> {
+    pub fn modify(&self, fd: BorrowedFd<'_>, ev: Event, mode: PollMode) -> io::Result<()> {
         let span = tracing::trace_span!(
             "modify",
             epoll_fd = ?self.epoll_fd.as_raw_fd(),
@@ -114,10 +122,10 @@ impl Poller {
         );
         let _enter = span.enter();
 
-        epoll::epoll_mod(
+        epoll::modify(
             &self.epoll_fd,
-            unsafe { rustix::fd::BorrowedFd::borrow_raw(fd) },
-            ev.key as u64,
+            fd,
+            epoll::EventData::new_u64(ev.key as u64),
             epoll_flags(&ev, mode),
         )?;
 
@@ -125,7 +133,7 @@ impl Poller {
     }
 
     /// Deletes a file descriptor.
-    pub fn delete(&self, fd: RawFd) -> io::Result<()> {
+    pub fn delete(&self, fd: BorrowedFd<'_>) -> io::Result<()> {
         let span = tracing::trace_span!(
             "delete",
             epoll_fd = ?self.epoll_fd.as_raw_fd(),
@@ -133,9 +141,7 @@ impl Poller {
         );
         let _enter = span.enter();
 
-        epoll::epoll_del(&self.epoll_fd, unsafe {
-            rustix::fd::BorrowedFd::borrow_raw(fd)
-        })?;
+        epoll::delete(&self.epoll_fd, fd)?;
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -170,7 +176,7 @@ impl Poller {
 
             // Set interest in timerfd.
             self.modify(
-                timer_fd.as_raw_fd(),
+                timer_fd.as_fd(),
                 Event {
                     key: crate::NOTIFY_KEY,
                     readable: true,
@@ -195,7 +201,7 @@ impl Poller {
         };
 
         // Wait for I/O events.
-        epoll::epoll_wait(&self.epoll_fd, &mut events.list, timeout_ms)?;
+        epoll::wait(&self.epoll_fd, &mut events.list, timeout_ms)?;
         tracing::trace!(
             epoll_fd = ?self.epoll_fd.as_raw_fd(),
             res = ?events.list.len(),
@@ -206,7 +212,7 @@ impl Poller {
         let mut buf = [0u8; 8];
         let _ = read(&self.event_fd, &mut buf);
         self.modify(
-            self.event_fd.as_raw_fd(),
+            self.event_fd.as_fd(),
             Event {
                 key: crate::NOTIFY_KEY,
                 readable: true,
@@ -255,9 +261,9 @@ impl Drop for Poller {
         let _enter = span.enter();
 
         if let Some(timer_fd) = self.timer_fd.take() {
-            let _ = self.delete(timer_fd.as_raw_fd());
+            let _ = self.delete(timer_fd.as_fd());
         }
-        let _ = self.delete(self.event_fd.as_raw_fd());
+        let _ = self.delete(self.event_fd.as_fd());
     }
 }
 
@@ -310,10 +316,13 @@ impl Events {
 
     /// Iterates over I/O events.
     pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Event> + '_ {
-        self.list.iter().map(|(flags, data)| Event {
-            key: data as usize,
-            readable: flags.intersects(read_flags()),
-            writable: flags.intersects(write_flags()),
+        self.list.iter().map(|ev| {
+            let flags = ev.flags;
+            Event {
+                key: ev.data.u64() as usize,
+                readable: flags.intersects(read_flags()),
+                writable: flags.intersects(write_flags()),
+            }
         })
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/iocp/mod.rs b/src/iocp/mod.rs
index d230e5c..d695090 100644
--- a/src/iocp/mod.rs
+++ b/src/iocp/mod.rs
@@ -42,7 +42,9 @@ use std::collections::hash_map::{Entry, HashMap};
 use std::fmt;
 use std::io;
 use std::marker::PhantomPinned;
-use std::os::windows::io::{AsHandle, AsRawHandle, BorrowedHandle, RawHandle, RawSocket};
+use std::os::windows::io::{
+    AsHandle, AsRawHandle, AsRawSocket, BorrowedHandle, BorrowedSocket, RawHandle, RawSocket,
+};
 use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, MutexGuard, RwLock, Weak};
@@ -134,7 +136,16 @@ impl Poller {
     }
 
     /// Add a new source to the poller.
-    pub(super) fn add(&self, socket: RawSocket, interest: Event, mode: PollMode) -> io::Result<()> {
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// The socket must be a valid socket and must last until it is deleted.
+    pub(super) unsafe fn add(
+        &self,
+        socket: RawSocket,
+        interest: Event,
+        mode: PollMode,
+    ) -> io::Result<()> {
         let span = tracing::trace_span!(
             "add",
             handle = ?self.port,
@@ -192,7 +203,7 @@ impl Poller {
     /// Update a source in the poller.
     pub(super) fn modify(
         &self,
-        socket: RawSocket,
+        socket: BorrowedSocket<'_>,
         interest: Event,
         mode: PollMode,
     ) -> io::Result<()> {
@@ -217,7 +228,7 @@ impl Poller {
             let sources = lock!(self.sources.read());
 
             sources
-                .get(&socket)
+                .get(&socket.as_raw_socket())
                 .cloned()
                 .ok_or_else(|| io::Error::from(io::ErrorKind::NotFound))?
         };
@@ -231,7 +242,7 @@ impl Poller {
     }
 
     /// Delete a source from the poller.
-    pub(super) fn delete(&self, socket: RawSocket) -> io::Result<()> {
+    pub(super) fn delete(&self, socket: BorrowedSocket<'_>) -> io::Result<()> {
         let span = tracing::trace_span!(
             "remove",
             handle = ?self.port,
@@ -243,7 +254,7 @@ impl Poller {
         let source = {
             let mut sources = lock!(self.sources.write());
 
-            match sources.remove(&socket) {
+            match sources.remove(&socket.as_raw_socket()) {
                 Some(s) => s,
                 None => {
                     // If the source has already been removed, then we can just return.
diff --git a/src/kqueue.rs b/src/kqueue.rs
index 85ec04f..62b7ea3 100644
--- a/src/kqueue.rs
+++ b/src/kqueue.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 //! Bindings to kqueue (macOS, iOS, tvOS, watchOS, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, DragonFly BSD).
 
 use std::io;
-use std::os::unix::io::{AsFd, AsRawFd, BorrowedFd, RawFd};
+use std::os::unix::io::{AsFd, AsRawFd, BorrowedFd, OwnedFd, RawFd};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
-use rustix::fd::OwnedFd;
-use rustix::io::{fcntl_setfd, kqueue, Errno, FdFlags};
+use rustix::event::kqueue;
+use rustix::io::{fcntl_setfd, Errno, FdFlags};
 
 use crate::{Event, PollMode};
 
@@ -55,13 +55,17 @@ impl Poller {
     }
 
     /// Adds a new file descriptor.
-    pub fn add(&self, fd: RawFd, ev: Event, mode: PollMode) -> io::Result<()> {
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// The file descriptor must be valid and it must last until it is deleted.
+    pub unsafe fn add(&self, fd: RawFd, ev: Event, mode: PollMode) -> io::Result<()> {
         // File descriptors don't need to be added explicitly, so just modify the interest.
-        self.modify(fd, ev, mode)
+        self.modify(BorrowedFd::borrow_raw(fd), ev, mode)
     }
 
     /// Modifies an existing file descriptor.
-    pub fn modify(&self, fd: RawFd, ev: Event, mode: PollMode) -> io::Result<()> {
+    pub fn modify(&self, fd: BorrowedFd<'_>, ev: Event, mode: PollMode) -> io::Result<()> {
         let span = if !self.notify.has_fd(fd) {
             let span = tracing::trace_span!(
                 "add",
@@ -91,12 +95,12 @@ impl Poller {
         // A list of changes for kqueue.
         let changelist = [
             kqueue::Event::new(
-                kqueue::EventFilter::Read(fd),
+                kqueue::EventFilter::Read(fd.as_raw_fd()),
                 read_flags | kqueue::EventFlags::RECEIPT,
                 ev.key as _,
             ),
             kqueue::Event::new(
-                kqueue::EventFilter::Write(fd),
+                kqueue::EventFilter::Write(fd.as_raw_fd()),
                 write_flags | kqueue::EventFlags::RECEIPT,
                 ev.key as _,
             ),
@@ -141,7 +145,7 @@ impl Poller {
     }
 
     /// Deletes a file descriptor.
-    pub fn delete(&self, fd: RawFd) -> io::Result<()> {
+    pub fn delete(&self, fd: BorrowedFd<'_>) -> io::Result<()> {
         // Simply delete interest in the file descriptor.
         self.modify(fd, Event::none(0), PollMode::Oneshot)
     }
@@ -268,9 +272,9 @@ pub(crate) fn mode_to_flags(mode: PollMode) -> kqueue::EventFlags {
 ))]
 mod notify {
     use super::Poller;
-    use rustix::io::kqueue;
+    use rustix::event::kqueue;
     use std::io;
-    use std::os::unix::io::RawFd;
+    use std::os::unix::io::BorrowedFd;
 
     /// A notification pipe.
     ///
@@ -335,7 +339,7 @@ mod notify {
         }
 
         /// Whether this raw file descriptor is associated with this pipe.
-        pub(super) fn has_fd(&self, _fd: RawFd) -> bool {
+        pub(super) fn has_fd(&self, _fd: BorrowedFd<'_>) -> bool {
             false
         }
     }
@@ -354,7 +358,7 @@ mod notify {
     use crate::{Event, PollMode, NOTIFY_KEY};
     use std::io::{self, prelude::*};
     use std::os::unix::{
-        io::{AsRawFd, RawFd},
+        io::{AsFd, AsRawFd, BorrowedFd},
         net::UnixStream,
     };
 
@@ -386,11 +390,13 @@ mod notify {
         /// Registers this notification pipe in the `Poller`.
         pub(super) fn register(&self, poller: &Poller) -> io::Result<()> {
             // Register the read end of this pipe.
-            poller.add(
-                self.read_stream.as_raw_fd(),
-                Event::readable(NOTIFY_KEY),
-                PollMode::Oneshot,
-            )
+            unsafe {
+                poller.add(
+                    self.read_stream.as_raw_fd(),
+                    Event::readable(NOTIFY_KEY),
+                    PollMode::Oneshot,
+                )
+            }
         }
 
         /// Reregister this notification pipe in the `Poller`.
@@ -400,7 +406,7 @@ mod notify {
 
             // Reregister the read end of this pipe.
             poller.modify(
-                self.read_stream.as_raw_fd(),
+                self.read_stream.as_fd(),
                 Event::readable(NOTIFY_KEY),
                 PollMode::Oneshot,
             )
@@ -418,12 +424,12 @@ mod notify {
         /// Deregisters this notification pipe from the `Poller`.
         pub(super) fn deregister(&self, poller: &Poller) -> io::Result<()> {
             // Deregister the read end of the pipe.
-            poller.delete(self.read_stream.as_raw_fd())
+            poller.delete(self.read_stream.as_fd())
         }
 
         /// Whether this raw file descriptor is associated with this pipe.
-        pub(super) fn has_fd(&self, fd: RawFd) -> bool {
-            self.read_stream.as_raw_fd() == fd
+        pub(super) fn has_fd(&self, fd: BorrowedFd<'_>) -> bool {
+            self.read_stream.as_raw_fd() == fd.as_raw_fd()
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index 0c3a301..188ab87 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,9 @@
 //!
 //! // Create a poller and register interest in readability on the socket.
 //! let poller = Poller::new()?;
-//! poller.add(&socket, Event::readable(key))?;
+//! unsafe {
+//!     poller.add(&socket, Event::readable(key))?;
+//! }
 //!
 //! // The event loop.
 //! let mut events = Vec::new();
@@ -46,13 +48,15 @@
 //!         }
 //!     }
 //! }
+//!
+//! poller.delete(&socket)?;
 //! # std::io::Result::Ok(())
 //! ```
 
 #![cfg(feature = "std")]
 #![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
 #![warn(missing_docs, missing_debug_implementations, rust_2018_idioms)]
-#![allow(clippy::useless_conversion, clippy::unnecessary_cast)]
+#![allow(clippy::useless_conversion, clippy::unnecessary_cast, unused_unsafe)]
 #![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_cfg))]
 #![doc(
     html_favicon_url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/smol-rs/smol/master/assets/images/logo_fullsize_transparent.png"
@@ -273,8 +277,11 @@ impl Poller {
     /// [`modify()`][`Poller::modify()`] again after an event is delivered if we're interested in
     /// the next event of the same kind.
     ///
-    /// Don't forget to [`delete()`][`Poller::delete()`] the file descriptor or socket when it is
-    /// no longer used!
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// The source must be [`delete()`]d from this `Poller` before it is dropped.
+    ///
+    /// [`delete()`]: Poller::delete
     ///
     /// # Errors
     ///
@@ -295,10 +302,13 @@ impl Poller {
     /// let key = 7;
     ///
     /// let poller = Poller::new()?;
-    /// poller.add(&source, Event::all(key))?;
+    /// unsafe {
+    ///     poller.add(&source, Event::all(key))?;
+    /// }
+    /// poller.delete(&source)?;
     /// # std::io::Result::Ok(())
     /// ```
-    pub fn add(&self, source: impl Source, interest: Event) -> io::Result<()> {
+    pub unsafe fn add(&self, source: impl AsRawSource, interest: Event) -> io::Result<()> {
         self.add_with_mode(source, interest, PollMode::Oneshot)
     }
 
@@ -307,13 +317,19 @@ impl Poller {
     /// This is identical to the `add()` function, but allows specifying the
     /// polling mode to use for this socket.
     ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// The source must be [`delete()`]d from this `Poller` before it is dropped.
+    ///
+    /// [`delete()`]: Poller::delete
+    ///
     /// # Errors
     ///
     /// If the operating system does not support the specified mode, this function
     /// will return an error.
-    pub fn add_with_mode(
+    pub unsafe fn add_with_mode(
         &self,
-        source: impl Source,
+        source: impl AsRawSource,
         interest: Event,
         mode: PollMode,
     ) -> io::Result<()> {
@@ -354,7 +370,7 @@ impl Poller {
     /// # let source = std::net::TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0")?;
     /// # let key = 7;
     /// # let poller = Poller::new()?;
-    /// # poller.add(&source, Event::none(key))?;
+    /// # unsafe { poller.add(&source, Event::none(key))?; }
     /// poller.modify(&source, Event::all(key))?;
     /// # std::io::Result::Ok(())
     /// ```
@@ -366,8 +382,9 @@ impl Poller {
     /// # let source = std::net::TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0")?;
     /// # let key = 7;
     /// # let poller = Poller::new()?;
-    /// # poller.add(&source, Event::none(key))?;
+    /// # unsafe { poller.add(&source, Event::none(key))?; }
     /// poller.modify(&source, Event::readable(key))?;
+    /// # poller.delete(&source)?;
     /// # std::io::Result::Ok(())
     /// ```
     ///
@@ -378,8 +395,9 @@ impl Poller {
     /// # let poller = Poller::new()?;
     /// # let key = 7;
     /// # let source = std::net::TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0")?;
-    /// # poller.add(&source, Event::none(key))?;
+    /// # unsafe { poller.add(&source, Event::none(key))? };
     /// poller.modify(&source, Event::writable(key))?;
+    /// # poller.delete(&source)?;
     /// # std::io::Result::Ok(())
     /// ```
     ///
@@ -390,11 +408,12 @@ impl Poller {
     /// # let source = std::net::TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0")?;
     /// # let key = 7;
     /// # let poller = Poller::new()?;
-    /// # poller.add(&source, Event::none(key))?;
+    /// # unsafe { poller.add(&source, Event::none(key))?; }
     /// poller.modify(&source, Event::none(key))?;
+    /// # poller.delete(&source)?;
     /// # std::io::Result::Ok(())
     /// ```
-    pub fn modify(&self, source: impl Source, interest: Event) -> io::Result<()> {
+    pub fn modify(&self, source: impl AsSource, interest: Event) -> io::Result<()> {
         self.modify_with_mode(source, interest, PollMode::Oneshot)
     }
 
@@ -415,7 +434,7 @@ impl Poller {
     /// an error.
     pub fn modify_with_mode(
         &self,
-        source: impl Source,
+        source: impl AsSource,
         interest: Event,
         mode: PollMode,
     ) -> io::Result<()> {
@@ -425,7 +444,7 @@ impl Poller {
                 "the key is not allowed to be `usize::MAX`",
             ));
         }
-        self.poller.modify(source.raw(), interest, mode)
+        self.poller.modify(source.source(), interest, mode)
     }
 
     /// Removes a file descriptor or socket from the poller.
@@ -444,12 +463,12 @@ impl Poller {
     /// let key = 7;
     ///
     /// let poller = Poller::new()?;
-    /// poller.add(&socket, Event::all(key))?;
+    /// unsafe { poller.add(&socket, Event::all(key))?; }
     /// poller.delete(&socket)?;
     /// # std::io::Result::Ok(())
     /// ```
-    pub fn delete(&self, source: impl Source) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.poller.delete(source.raw())
+    pub fn delete(&self, source: impl AsSource) -> io::Result<()> {
+        self.poller.delete(source.source())
     }
 
     /// Waits for at least one I/O event and returns the number of new events.
@@ -482,10 +501,13 @@ impl Poller {
     /// let key = 7;
     ///
     /// let poller = Poller::new()?;
-    /// poller.add(&socket, Event::all(key))?;
+    /// unsafe {
+    ///     poller.add(&socket, Event::all(key))?;
+    /// }
     ///
     /// let mut events = Vec::new();
     /// let n = poller.wait(&mut events, Some(Duration::from_secs(1)))?;
+    /// poller.delete(&socket)?;
     /// # std::io::Result::Ok(())
     /// ```
     pub fn wait(&self, events: &mut Vec<Event>, timeout: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<usize> {
@@ -624,45 +646,65 @@ impl fmt::Debug for Poller {
 
 cfg_if! {
     if #[cfg(unix)] {
-        use std::os::unix::io::{AsRawFd, RawFd};
+        use std::os::unix::io::{AsRawFd, RawFd, AsFd, BorrowedFd};
 
-        /// A [`RawFd`] or a reference to a type implementing [`AsRawFd`].
-        pub trait Source {
-            /// Returns the [`RawFd`] for this I/O object.
+        /// A resource with a raw file descriptor.
+        pub trait AsRawSource {
+            /// Returns the raw file descriptor.
             fn raw(&self) -> RawFd;
         }
 
-        impl Source for RawFd {
+        impl<T: AsRawFd> AsRawSource for &T {
             fn raw(&self) -> RawFd {
-                *self
+                self.as_raw_fd()
             }
         }
 
-        impl<T: AsRawFd> Source for &T {
+        impl AsRawSource for RawFd {
             fn raw(&self) -> RawFd {
-                self.as_raw_fd()
+                *self
             }
         }
+
+        /// A resource with a borrowed file descriptor.
+        pub trait AsSource: AsFd {
+            /// Returns the borrowed file descriptor.
+            fn source(&self) -> BorrowedFd<'_> {
+                self.as_fd()
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl<T: AsFd> AsSource for T {}
     } else if #[cfg(windows)] {
-        use std::os::windows::io::{AsRawSocket, RawSocket};
+        use std::os::windows::io::{AsRawSocket, RawSocket, AsSocket, BorrowedSocket};
 
-        /// A [`RawSocket`] or a reference to a type implementing [`AsRawSocket`].
-        pub trait Source {
-            /// Returns the [`RawSocket`] for this I/O object.
+        /// A resource with a raw socket.
+        pub trait AsRawSource {
+            /// Returns the raw socket.
             fn raw(&self) -> RawSocket;
         }
 
-        impl Source for RawSocket {
+        impl<T: AsRawSocket> AsRawSource for &T {
             fn raw(&self) -> RawSocket {
-                *self
+                self.as_raw_socket()
             }
         }
 
-        impl<T: AsRawSocket> Source for &T {
+        impl AsRawSource for RawSocket {
             fn raw(&self) -> RawSocket {
-                self.as_raw_socket()
+                *self
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// A resource with a borrowed socket.
+        pub trait AsSource: AsSocket {
+            /// Returns the borrowed socket.
+            fn source(&self) -> BorrowedSocket<'_> {
+                self.as_socket()
             }
         }
+
+        impl<T: AsSocket> AsSource for T {}
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/os/kqueue.rs b/src/os/kqueue.rs
index 8ea8729..684bd3e 100644
--- a/src/os/kqueue.rs
+++ b/src/os/kqueue.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use std::io;
 use std::process::Child;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
-use rustix::io::kqueue;
+use rustix::event::kqueue;
 
 use super::__private::PollerSealed;
 use __private::FilterSealed;
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ unsafe impl FilterSealed for Timer {
 impl Filter for Timer {}
 
 mod __private {
-    use rustix::io::kqueue;
+    use rustix::event::kqueue;
 
     #[doc(hidden)]
     pub unsafe trait FilterSealed {
diff --git a/src/poll.rs b/src/poll.rs
index 846de80..1ecf278 100644
--- a/src/poll.rs
+++ b/src/poll.rs
@@ -7,12 +7,11 @@ use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicUsize, Ordering};
 use std::sync::{Condvar, Mutex};
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
+use rustix::event::{poll, PollFd, PollFlags};
 use rustix::fd::{AsFd, AsRawFd, BorrowedFd, OwnedFd};
 use rustix::fs::{fcntl_getfl, fcntl_setfl, OFlags};
-use rustix::io::{
-    fcntl_getfd, fcntl_setfd, pipe, pipe_with, poll, read, write, FdFlags, PipeFlags, PollFd,
-    PollFlags,
-};
+use rustix::io::{fcntl_getfd, fcntl_setfd, read, write, FdFlags};
+use rustix::pipe::{pipe, pipe_with, PipeFlags};
 
 // std::os::unix doesn't exist on Fuchsia
 type RawFd = std::os::raw::c_int;
@@ -158,7 +157,7 @@ impl Poller {
     }
 
     /// Modifies an existing file descriptor.
-    pub fn modify(&self, fd: RawFd, ev: Event, mode: PollMode) -> io::Result<()> {
+    pub fn modify(&self, fd: BorrowedFd<'_>, ev: Event, mode: PollMode) -> io::Result<()> {
         let span = tracing::trace_span!(
             "modify",
             notify_read = ?self.notify_read,
@@ -168,11 +167,19 @@ impl Poller {
         let _enter = span.enter();
 
         self.modify_fds(|fds| {
-            let data = fds.fd_data.get_mut(&fd).ok_or(io::ErrorKind::NotFound)?;
+            let data = fds
+                .fd_data
+                .get_mut(&fd.as_raw_fd())
+                .ok_or(io::ErrorKind::NotFound)?;
             data.key = ev.key;
             let poll_fds_index = data.poll_fds_index;
-            fds.poll_fds[poll_fds_index] =
-                PollFd::from_borrowed_fd(unsafe { BorrowedFd::borrow_raw(fd) }, poll_events(ev));
+
+            // SAFETY: This is essentially transmuting a `PollFd<'a>` to a `PollFd<'static>`, which
+            // only works if it's removed in time with `delete()`.
+            fds.poll_fds[poll_fds_index] = PollFd::from_borrowed_fd(
+                unsafe { BorrowedFd::borrow_raw(fd.as_raw_fd()) },
+                poll_events(ev),
+            );
             data.remove = cvt_mode_as_remove(mode)?;
 
             Ok(())
@@ -180,7 +187,7 @@ impl Poller {
     }
 
     /// Deletes a file descriptor.
-    pub fn delete(&self, fd: RawFd) -> io::Result<()> {
+    pub fn delete(&self, fd: BorrowedFd<'_>) -> io::Result<()> {
         let span = tracing::trace_span!(
             "delete",
             notify_read = ?self.notify_read,
@@ -189,7 +196,10 @@ impl Poller {
         let _enter = span.enter();
 
         self.modify_fds(|fds| {
-            let data = fds.fd_data.remove(&fd).ok_or(io::ErrorKind::NotFound)?;
+            let data = fds
+                .fd_data
+                .remove(&fd.as_raw_fd())
+                .ok_or(io::ErrorKind::NotFound)?;
             fds.poll_fds.swap_remove(data.poll_fds_index);
             if let Some(swapped_pollfd) = fds.poll_fds.get(data.poll_fds_index) {
                 fds.fd_data
diff --git a/src/port.rs b/src/port.rs
index 1149bfb..bd55b15 100644
--- a/src/port.rs
+++ b/src/port.rs
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ use std::io;
 use std::os::unix::io::{AsFd, AsRawFd, BorrowedFd, RawFd};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
+use rustix::event::{port, PollFlags};
 use rustix::fd::OwnedFd;
-use rustix::io::{fcntl_getfd, fcntl_setfd, port, FdFlags, PollFlags};
+use rustix::io::{fcntl_getfd, fcntl_setfd, FdFlags};
 
 use crate::{Event, PollMode};
 
@@ -42,13 +43,17 @@ impl Poller {
     }
 
     /// Adds a file descriptor.
-    pub fn add(&self, fd: RawFd, ev: Event, mode: PollMode) -> io::Result<()> {
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// The `fd` must be a valid file descriptor and it must last until it is deleted.
+    pub unsafe fn add(&self, fd: RawFd, ev: Event, mode: PollMode) -> io::Result<()> {
         // File descriptors don't need to be added explicitly, so just modify the interest.
-        self.modify(fd, ev, mode)
+        self.modify(BorrowedFd::borrow_raw(fd), ev, mode)
     }
 
     /// Modifies an existing file descriptor.
-    pub fn modify(&self, fd: RawFd, ev: Event, mode: PollMode) -> io::Result<()> {
+    pub fn modify(&self, fd: BorrowedFd<'_>, ev: Event, mode: PollMode) -> io::Result<()> {
         let span = tracing::trace_span!(
             "modify",
             port_fd = ?self.port_fd.as_raw_fd(),
@@ -79,7 +84,7 @@ impl Poller {
     }
 
     /// Deletes a file descriptor.
-    pub fn delete(&self, fd: RawFd) -> io::Result<()> {
+    pub fn delete(&self, fd: BorrowedFd<'_>) -> io::Result<()> {
         let span = tracing::trace_span!(
             "delete",
             port_fd = ?self.port_fd.as_raw_fd(),
diff --git a/tests/concurrent_modification.rs b/tests/concurrent_modification.rs
index 7f31f05..8cf6691 100644
--- a/tests/concurrent_modification.rs
+++ b/tests/concurrent_modification.rs
@@ -13,20 +13,25 @@ fn concurrent_add() -> io::Result<()> {
 
     let mut events = Vec::new();
 
-    Parallel::new()
+    let result = Parallel::new()
         .add(|| {
             poller.wait(&mut events, None)?;
             Ok(())
         })
         .add(|| {
             thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
-            poller.add(&reader, Event::readable(0))?;
+            unsafe {
+                poller.add(&reader, Event::readable(0))?;
+            }
             writer.write_all(&[1])?;
             Ok(())
         })
         .run()
         .into_iter()
-        .collect::<io::Result<()>>()?;
+        .collect::<io::Result<()>>();
+
+    poller.delete(&reader)?;
+    result?;
 
     assert_eq!(events, [Event::readable(0)]);
 
@@ -37,7 +42,9 @@ fn concurrent_add() -> io::Result<()> {
 fn concurrent_modify() -> io::Result<()> {
     let (reader, mut writer) = tcp_pair()?;
     let poller = Poller::new()?;
-    poller.add(&reader, Event::none(0))?;
+    unsafe {
+        poller.add(&reader, Event::none(0))?;
+    }
 
     let mut events = Vec::new();
 
diff --git a/tests/io.rs b/tests/io.rs
index ab0c8a8..10b3d48 100644
--- a/tests/io.rs
+++ b/tests/io.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 fn basic_io() {
     let poller = Poller::new().unwrap();
     let (read, mut write) = tcp_pair().unwrap();
-    poller.add(&read, Event::readable(1)).unwrap();
+    unsafe {
+        poller.add(&read, Event::readable(1)).unwrap();
+    }
 
     // Nothing should be available at first.
     let mut events = vec![];
@@ -28,6 +30,8 @@ fn basic_io() {
         1
     );
     assert_eq!(&*events, &[Event::readable(1)]);
+
+    poller.delete(&read).unwrap();
 }
 
 fn tcp_pair() -> io::Result<(TcpStream, TcpStream)> {
diff --git a/tests/many_connections.rs b/tests/many_connections.rs
index 06e4301..41d640b 100644
--- a/tests/many_connections.rs
+++ b/tests/many_connections.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ fn many_connections() {
     let poller = polling::Poller::new().unwrap();
 
     for (i, reader, _) in connections.iter() {
-        poller.add(reader, polling::Event::readable(*i)).unwrap();
+        unsafe {
+            poller.add(reader, polling::Event::readable(*i)).unwrap();
+        }
     }
 
     let mut events = vec![];
diff --git a/tests/other_modes.rs b/tests/other_modes.rs
index fbe8779..12ef1bc 100644
--- a/tests/other_modes.rs
+++ b/tests/other_modes.rs
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ fn level_triggered() {
 
     // Create our poller and register our streams.
     let poller = Poller::new().unwrap();
-    if poller
-        .add_with_mode(&reader, Event::readable(reader_token), PollMode::Level)
+    if unsafe { poller.add_with_mode(&reader, Event::readable(reader_token), PollMode::Level) }
         .is_err()
     {
         // Only panic if we're on a platform that should support level mode.
@@ -92,8 +91,7 @@ fn edge_triggered() {
 
     // Create our poller and register our streams.
     let poller = Poller::new().unwrap();
-    if poller
-        .add_with_mode(&reader, Event::readable(reader_token), PollMode::Edge)
+    if unsafe { poller.add_with_mode(&reader, Event::readable(reader_token), PollMode::Edge) }
         .is_err()
     {
         // Only panic if we're on a platform that should support level mode.
@@ -170,13 +168,14 @@ fn edge_oneshot_triggered() {
 
     // Create our poller and register our streams.
     let poller = Poller::new().unwrap();
-    if poller
-        .add_with_mode(
+    if unsafe {
+        poller.add_with_mode(
             &reader,
             Event::readable(reader_token),
             PollMode::EdgeOneshot,
         )
-        .is_err()
+    }
+    .is_err()
     {
         // Only panic if we're on a platform that should support level mode.
         cfg_if::cfg_if! {