pdfio-sha256.c

//
// SHA-256 functions for PDFio.
//
// Copyright © 2021-2023 by Michael R Sweet.
// Copyright © 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as authors of the
// code.  All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
// without modification, are permitted provided that the following
// conditions are met:
// 
// - Redistributions of source code must retain the above
//   copyright notice, this list of conditions and
//   the following disclaimer.
// 
// - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
//   copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
//   disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
//   with the distribution.
// 
// - Neither the name of Internet Society, IETF or IETF Trust, nor
//   the names of specific contributors, may be used to endorse or
//   promote products derived from this software without specific
//   prior written permission.
// 
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
// CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
// INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
// DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
// CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
// NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
// LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
// HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
// CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
// OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE,
// EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//

/*
 * Description:
 *   This file implements the Secure Hash Algorithms SHA-224 and
 *   SHA-256 as defined in the U.S. National Institute of Standards
 *   and Technology Federal Information Processing Standards
 *   Publication (FIPS PUB) 180-3 published in October 2008
 *   and formerly defined in its predecessors, FIPS PUB 180-1
 *   and FIP PUB 180-2.
 *
 *   A combined document showing all algorithms is available at
 *       http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/
 *              fips180-3/fips180-3_final.pdf
 *
 *   The SHA-224 and SHA-256 algorithms produce 224-bit and 256-bit
 *   message digests for a given data stream.  It should take about
 *   2**n steps to find a message with the same digest as a given
 *   message and 2**(n/2) to find any two messages with the same
 *   digest, when n is the digest size in bits.  Therefore, this
 *   algorithm can serve as a means of providing a
 *   "fingerprint" for a message.
 *
 * Portability Issues:
 *   SHA-224 and SHA-256 are defined in terms of 32-bit "words".
 *   This code uses <stdint.h> (included via "sha.h") to define 32-
 *   and 8-bit unsigned integer types.  If your C compiler does not
 *   support 32-bit unsigned integers, this code is not
 *   appropriate.
 *
 * Caveats:
 *   SHA-224 and SHA-256 are designed to work with messages less
 *   than 2^64 bits long.  This implementation uses SHA224/256Input()
 *   to hash the bits that are a multiple of the size of an 8-bit
 *   octet, and then optionally uses SHA224/256FinalBits()
 *   to hash the final few bits of the input.
 */

#include "pdfio-private.h"

/* Constants from sha.h */
enum {
    SHA256_Message_Block_Size = 64,
    SHA256HashSize = 32,
    SHA256HashSizeBits = 256
};

enum {
    shaSuccess = 0,
    shaNull,            /* Null pointer parameter */
    shaInputTooLong,    /* input data too long */
    shaStateError,      /* called Input after FinalBits or Result */
    shaBadParam         /* passed a bad parameter */
};

/* Macros from sha-private.h */
#define SHA_Ch(x, y, z)      (((x) & ((y) ^ (z))) ^ (z))
#define SHA_Maj(x, y, z)     (((x) & ((y) | (z))) | ((y) & (z)))
#define SHA_Parity(x, y, z)  ((x) ^ (y) ^ (z))

/* Define the SHA shift, rotate left, and rotate right macros */
#define SHA256_SHR(bits,word)      ((word) >> (bits))
#define SHA256_ROTL(bits,word)                         \
  (((word) << (bits)) | ((word) >> (32-(bits))))
#define SHA256_ROTR(bits,word)                         \
  (((word) >> (bits)) | ((word) << (32-(bits))))

/* Define the SHA SIGMA and sigma macros */
#define SHA256_SIGMA0(word)   \
  (SHA256_ROTR( 2,word) ^ SHA256_ROTR(13,word) ^ SHA256_ROTR(22,word))
#define SHA256_SIGMA1(word)   \
  (SHA256_ROTR( 6,word) ^ SHA256_ROTR(11,word) ^ SHA256_ROTR(25,word))
#define SHA256_sigma0(word)   \
  (SHA256_ROTR( 7,word) ^ SHA256_ROTR(18,word) ^ SHA256_SHR( 3,word))
#define SHA256_sigma1(word)   \
  (SHA256_ROTR(17,word) ^ SHA256_ROTR(19,word) ^ SHA256_SHR(10,word))

/*
 * Add "length" to the length.
 * Set Corrupted when overflow has occurred.
 */
static uint32_t addTemp;
#define SHA224_256AddLength(context, length)               \
  (addTemp = (context)->Length_Low, (context)->Corrupted = \
    (((context)->Length_Low += (length)) < addTemp) &&     \
    (++(context)->Length_High == 0) ? shaInputTooLong :    \
                                      (context)->Corrupted )

/* Local Function Prototypes */
static int SHA224_256Reset(_pdfio_sha256_t *context, uint32_t *H0);
static void SHA224_256ProcessMessageBlock(_pdfio_sha256_t *context);
static void SHA224_256Finalize(_pdfio_sha256_t *context,
  uint8_t Pad_Byte);
static void SHA224_256PadMessage(_pdfio_sha256_t *context,
  uint8_t Pad_Byte);
static int SHA224_256ResultN(_pdfio_sha256_t *context,
  uint8_t Message_Digest[ ], int HashSize);

/* Initial Hash Values: FIPS 180-3 section 5.3.3 */
static uint32_t SHA256_H0[SHA256HashSize/4] = {
  0x6A09E667, 0xBB67AE85, 0x3C6EF372, 0xA54FF53A,
  0x510E527F, 0x9B05688C, 0x1F83D9AB, 0x5BE0CD19
};

/*
 * _pdfioCryptoSHA256Init
 *
 * Description:
 *   This function will initialize the _pdfio_sha256_t in preparation
 *   for computing a new SHA256 message digest.
 *
 * Parameters:
 *   context: [in/out]
 *     The context to reset.
 *
 * Returns:
 *   sha Error Code.
 */
void _pdfioCryptoSHA256Init(_pdfio_sha256_t *context)
{
  SHA224_256Reset(context, SHA256_H0);
}

/*
 * _pdfioCryptoSHA256Append
 *
 * Description:
 *   This function accepts an array of octets as the next portion
 *   of the message.
 *
 * Parameters:
 *   context: [in/out]
 *     The SHA context to update.
 *   message_array[ ]: [in]
 *     An array of octets representing the next portion of
 *     the message.
 *   length: [in]
 *     The length of the message in message_array.
 *
 * Returns:
 *   sha Error Code.
 */
void
_pdfioCryptoSHA256Append(_pdfio_sha256_t *context, const uint8_t *message_array,
    size_t length)
{
  if (!length) return;

  while (length--) {
    context->Message_Block[context->Message_Block_Index++] =
            *message_array;

    if ((SHA224_256AddLength(context, 8) == shaSuccess) &&
      (context->Message_Block_Index == SHA256_Message_Block_Size))
      SHA224_256ProcessMessageBlock(context);

    message_array++;
  }
}

/*
 * _pdfioCryptoSHA256Finish
 *
 * Description:
 *   This function will return the 256-bit message digest
 *   into the Message_Digest array provided by the caller.
 *   NOTE:
 *    The first octet of hash is stored in the element with index 0,
 *    the last octet of hash in the element with index 31.
 *
 * Parameters:
 *   context: [in/out]
 *     The context to use to calculate the SHA hash.
 *   Message_Digest[ ]: [out]
 *     Where the digest is returned.
 *
 * Returns:
 *   sha Error Code.
 */
void
_pdfioCryptoSHA256Finish(_pdfio_sha256_t *context,
                 uint8_t *Message_Digest)
{
  SHA224_256ResultN(context, Message_Digest, SHA256HashSize);
}

/*
 * SHA224_256Reset
 *
 * Description:
 *   This helper function will initialize the _pdfio_sha256_t in
 *   preparation for computing a new SHA-224 or SHA-256 message digest.
 *
 * Parameters:
 *   context: [in/out]
 *     The context to reset.
 *   H0[ ]: [in]
 *     The initial hash value array to use.
 *
 * Returns:
 *   sha Error Code.
 */
static int SHA224_256Reset(_pdfio_sha256_t *context, uint32_t *H0)
{
  if (!context) return shaNull;

  context->Length_High = context->Length_Low = 0;
  context->Message_Block_Index  = 0;

  context->Intermediate_Hash[0] = H0[0];
  context->Intermediate_Hash[1] = H0[1];
  context->Intermediate_Hash[2] = H0[2];
  context->Intermediate_Hash[3] = H0[3];
  context->Intermediate_Hash[4] = H0[4];
  context->Intermediate_Hash[5] = H0[5];
  context->Intermediate_Hash[6] = H0[6];
  context->Intermediate_Hash[7] = H0[7];

  context->Computed  = 0;
  context->Corrupted = shaSuccess;

  return shaSuccess;
}

/*
 * SHA224_256ProcessMessageBlock
 *
 * Description:
 *   This helper function will process the next 512 bits of the
 *   message stored in the Message_Block array.
 *
 * Parameters:
 *   context: [in/out]
 *     The SHA context to update.
 *
 * Returns:
 *   Nothing.
 *
 * Comments:
 *   Many of the variable names in this code, especially the
 *   single character names, were used because those were the
 *   names used in the Secure Hash Standard.
 */
static void SHA224_256ProcessMessageBlock(_pdfio_sha256_t *context)
{
  /* Constants defined in FIPS 180-3, section 4.2.2 */
  static const uint32_t K[64] = {
      0x428a2f98, 0x71374491, 0xb5c0fbcf, 0xe9b5dba5, 0x3956c25b,
      0x59f111f1, 0x923f82a4, 0xab1c5ed5, 0xd807aa98, 0x12835b01,
      0x243185be, 0x550c7dc3, 0x72be5d74, 0x80deb1fe, 0x9bdc06a7,
      0xc19bf174, 0xe49b69c1, 0xefbe4786, 0x0fc19dc6, 0x240ca1cc,
      0x2de92c6f, 0x4a7484aa, 0x5cb0a9dc, 0x76f988da, 0x983e5152,
      0xa831c66d, 0xb00327c8, 0xbf597fc7, 0xc6e00bf3, 0xd5a79147,
      0x06ca6351, 0x14292967, 0x27b70a85, 0x2e1b2138, 0x4d2c6dfc,
      0x53380d13, 0x650a7354, 0x766a0abb, 0x81c2c92e, 0x92722c85,
      0xa2bfe8a1, 0xa81a664b, 0xc24b8b70, 0xc76c51a3, 0xd192e819,
      0xd6990624, 0xf40e3585, 0x106aa070, 0x19a4c116, 0x1e376c08,
      0x2748774c, 0x34b0bcb5, 0x391c0cb3, 0x4ed8aa4a, 0x5b9cca4f,
      0x682e6ff3, 0x748f82ee, 0x78a5636f, 0x84c87814, 0x8cc70208,
      0x90befffa, 0xa4506ceb, 0xbef9a3f7, 0xc67178f2
  };
  int        t, t4;                   /* Loop counter */
  uint32_t   temp1, temp2;            /* Temporary word value */
  uint32_t   W[64];                   /* Word sequence */
  uint32_t   A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H;  /* Word buffers */

  /*
   * Initialize the first 16 words in the array W
   */
  for (t = t4 = 0; t < 16; t++, t4 += 4)
    W[t] = (((uint32_t)context->Message_Block[t4]) << 24) |
           (((uint32_t)context->Message_Block[t4 + 1]) << 16) |
           (((uint32_t)context->Message_Block[t4 + 2]) << 8) |
           (((uint32_t)context->Message_Block[t4 + 3]));

  for (t = 16; t < 64; t++)
    W[t] = SHA256_sigma1(W[t-2]) + W[t-7] +
        SHA256_sigma0(W[t-15]) + W[t-16];

  A = context->Intermediate_Hash[0];
  B = context->Intermediate_Hash[1];
  C = context->Intermediate_Hash[2];
  D = context->Intermediate_Hash[3];
  E = context->Intermediate_Hash[4];
  F = context->Intermediate_Hash[5];
  G = context->Intermediate_Hash[6];
  H = context->Intermediate_Hash[7];

  for (t = 0; t < 64; t++) {
    temp1 = H + SHA256_SIGMA1(E) + SHA_Ch(E,F,G) + K[t] + W[t];
    temp2 = SHA256_SIGMA0(A) + SHA_Maj(A,B,C);
    H = G;
    G = F;
    F = E;
    E = D + temp1;
    D = C;
    C = B;
    B = A;
    A = temp1 + temp2;
  }

  context->Intermediate_Hash[0] += A;
  context->Intermediate_Hash[1] += B;
  context->Intermediate_Hash[2] += C;
  context->Intermediate_Hash[3] += D;
  context->Intermediate_Hash[4] += E;
  context->Intermediate_Hash[5] += F;
  context->Intermediate_Hash[6] += G;
  context->Intermediate_Hash[7] += H;

  context->Message_Block_Index = 0;
}

/*
 * SHA224_256Finalize
 *
 * Description:
 *   This helper function finishes off the digest calculations.
 *
 * Parameters:
 *   context: [in/out]
 *     The SHA context to update.
 *   Pad_Byte: [in]
 *     The last byte to add to the message block before the 0-padding
 *     and length.  This will contain the last bits of the message
 *     followed by another single bit.  If the message was an
 *     exact multiple of 8-bits long, Pad_Byte will be 0x80.
 *
 * Returns:
 *   sha Error Code.
 */
static void SHA224_256Finalize(_pdfio_sha256_t *context,
    uint8_t Pad_Byte)
{
  int i;
  SHA224_256PadMessage(context, Pad_Byte);
  /* message may be sensitive, so clear it out */
  for (i = 0; i < SHA256_Message_Block_Size; ++i)
    context->Message_Block[i] = 0;
  context->Length_High = 0;     /* and clear length */
  context->Length_Low = 0;
  context->Computed = 1;
}

/*
 * SHA224_256PadMessage
 *
 * Description:
 *   According to the standard, the message must be padded to the next
 *   even multiple of 512 bits.  The first padding bit must be a '1'.
 *   The last 64 bits represent the length of the original message.
 *   All bits in between should be 0.  This helper function will pad
 *   the message according to those rules by filling the
 *   Message_Block array accordingly.  When it returns, it can be
 *   assumed that the message digest has been computed.
 *
 * Parameters:
 *   context: [in/out]
 *     The context to pad.
 *   Pad_Byte: [in]
 *     The last byte to add to the message block before the 0-padding
 *     and length.  This will contain the last bits of the message
 *     followed by another single bit.  If the message was an
 *     exact multiple of 8-bits long, Pad_Byte will be 0x80.
 *
 * Returns:
 *   Nothing.
 */
static void SHA224_256PadMessage(_pdfio_sha256_t *context,
    uint8_t Pad_Byte)
{
  /*
   * Check to see if the current message block is too small to hold
   * the initial padding bits and length.  If so, we will pad the
   * block, process it, and then continue padding into a second
   * block.
   */
  if (context->Message_Block_Index >= (SHA256_Message_Block_Size-8)) {
    context->Message_Block[context->Message_Block_Index++] = Pad_Byte;
    while (context->Message_Block_Index < SHA256_Message_Block_Size)
      context->Message_Block[context->Message_Block_Index++] = 0;
    SHA224_256ProcessMessageBlock(context);
  } else
    context->Message_Block[context->Message_Block_Index++] = Pad_Byte;

  while (context->Message_Block_Index < (SHA256_Message_Block_Size-8))
    context->Message_Block[context->Message_Block_Index++] = 0;

  /*
   * Store the message length as the last 8 octets
   */
  context->Message_Block[56] = (uint8_t)(context->Length_High >> 24);
  context->Message_Block[57] = (uint8_t)(context->Length_High >> 16);
  context->Message_Block[58] = (uint8_t)(context->Length_High >> 8);
  context->Message_Block[59] = (uint8_t)(context->Length_High);
  context->Message_Block[60] = (uint8_t)(context->Length_Low >> 24);
  context->Message_Block[61] = (uint8_t)(context->Length_Low >> 16);
  context->Message_Block[62] = (uint8_t)(context->Length_Low >> 8);
  context->Message_Block[63] = (uint8_t)(context->Length_Low);

  SHA224_256ProcessMessageBlock(context);
}

/*
 * SHA224_256ResultN
 *
 * Description:
 *   This helper function will return the 224-bit or 256-bit message
 *   digest into the Message_Digest array provided by the caller.
 *   NOTE:
 *    The first octet of hash is stored in the element with index 0,
 *    the last octet of hash in the element with index 27/31.
 *
 * Parameters:
 *   context: [in/out]
 *     The context to use to calculate the SHA hash.
 *   Message_Digest[ ]: [out]
 *     Where the digest is returned.
 *   HashSize: [in]
 *     The size of the hash, either 28 or 32.
 *
 * Returns:
 *   sha Error Code.
 */
static int SHA224_256ResultN(_pdfio_sha256_t *context,
    uint8_t Message_Digest[ ], int HashSize)
{
  int i;

  if (!context) return shaNull;
  if (!Message_Digest) return shaNull;
  if (context->Corrupted) return context->Corrupted;

  if (!context->Computed)
    SHA224_256Finalize(context, 0x80);

  for (i = 0; i < HashSize; ++i)
    Message_Digest[i] = (uint8_t)
      (context->Intermediate_Hash[i>>2] >> 8 * ( 3 - ( i & 0x03 ) ));

  return shaSuccess;
}