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<article id="post-findOneAndUpdate" class="article article-type-post article-index" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
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<h1 itemprop="name">
<a class="article-title" href="/2017/03/15/findOneAndUpdate/">mongoose findOneAndUpdate</a>
</h1>
<a href="/2017/03/15/findOneAndUpdate/" class="archive-article-date">
<time datetime="2017-03-15T01:09:44.000Z" itemprop="datePublished"><i class="icon-calendar icon"></i>2017-03-15</time>
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<p><code>mongoose</code> <code>findOneAndUpdate</code>的用法</p>
<p>Mongoose supports this natively with <a href="http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#model_Model.findOneAndUpdate" target="_blank" rel="external">findOneAndUpdate</a> , it calls MongoDB <a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.findAndModify/" target="_blank" rel="external">findAndModify</a>.</p>
<h2 id="参数"><a href="#参数" class="headerlink" title="参数"></a>参数</h2><p><code>upsert</code></p>
<p>if true, it creates the object if it doesn’t exist. defaults to false.</p>
<p><code>new</code></p>
<p>if true, returns the modified document rather than the original. The findAndModify() method ignores the new option for remove operations. The default is false.</p>
<h2 id="update-操作"><a href="#update-操作" class="headerlink" title="update 操作"></a>update 操作</h2><p><a href="https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/update/#id1" target="_blank" rel="external">mongodb update</a></p>
<p><code>$setOnInsert</code></p>
<p>Sets the value of a field if an update results in an insert of a document. Has no effect on update operations that modify existing documents.</p>
<p>也就是说新增才会写</p>
<p><code>mongoose</code>里面用<code>setDefaultsOnInsert</code></p>
<p><a href="http://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#model_Model.findOneAndUpdate" target="_blank" rel="external">setDefaultsOnInsert</a>: if this and upsert are true, mongoose will apply the defaults specified in the model’s schema if a new document is created. This option only works on MongoDB >= 2.4 because it relies on MongoDB’s $setOnInsert operator.</p>
<p>如果要用这个选项的，需要的model的地方配置默认值</p>
<p><code>$set</code></p>
<p>Sets the value of a field in a document.</p>
<h2 id="Sample"><a href="#Sample" class="headerlink" title="Sample"></a>Sample</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">Model.findByIdAndUpdate(id, { $set: { name: 'jason borne' }}, options, callback)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<div class="article-info article-info-index">
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<i class="icon-price-tags"></i>
<ul class="article-tag-list"><li class="article-tag-list-item"><a class="article-tag-list-link" href="/tags/mongodb/">mongodb</a></li></ul>
</div>
<p class="article-more-link">
<a class="article-more-a" href="/2017/03/15/findOneAndUpdate/">展开全文 >></a>
</p>
<div class="clearfix"></div>
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</article>
<article id="post-adminlte-usage" class="article article-type-post article-index" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
<div class="article-inner">
<header class="article-header">
<h1 itemprop="name">
<a class="article-title" href="/2017/03/08/adminlte-usage/">Adminlte Usage</a>
</h1>
<a href="/2017/03/08/adminlte-usage/" class="archive-article-date">
<time datetime="2017-03-08T01:40:09.000Z" itemprop="datePublished"><i class="icon-calendar icon"></i>2017-03-08</time>
</a>
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<h1 id="sidebar"><a href="#sidebar" class="headerlink" title="sidebar"></a>sidebar</h1><p><code>sidebar-mini</code>: sidebar只显示图片,不设置它，就是图片文字都显示</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><body class="hold-transition skin-blue sidebar-mini"></div><div class="line"></body></div><div class="line">`</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>sidebar-collapse</code>: sidebar初始是收缩状态</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><body class="hold-transition skin-blue sidebar-collapse"></div><div class="line"></body></div><div class="line">`</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</div>
<div class="article-info article-info-index">
<div class="article-tag tagcloud">
<i class="icon-price-tags"></i>
<ul class="article-tag-list"><li class="article-tag-list-item"><a class="article-tag-list-link" href="/tags/css/">css</a></li></ul>
</div>
<p class="article-more-link">
<a class="article-more-a" href="/2017/03/08/adminlte-usage/">展开全文 >></a>
</p>
<div class="clearfix"></div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
<article id="post-angular_row_4" class="article article-type-post article-index" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
<div class="article-inner">
<header class="article-header">
<h1 itemprop="name">
<a class="article-title" href="/2017/03/02/angular_row_4/">如何在ng-repeat里面,每隔3个元素换行</a>
</h1>
<a href="/2017/03/02/angular_row_4/" class="archive-article-date">
<time datetime="2017-03-02T04:27:14.000Z" itemprop="datePublished"><i class="icon-calendar icon"></i>2017-03-02</time>
</a>
</header>
<div class="article-entry" itemprop="articleBody">
<p>problem:</p>
<p>如何在ng-repeat里面,每隔3个元素换行</p>
<p>solution:</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><div class="row"></div><div class="line"> <div ng-repeat="product in products"></div><div class="line"> <div class="clearfix" ng-if="$index % 3 == 0"></div></div><div class="line"> <div class="col-sm-4"></div><div class="line"> <h2>{{product.title}}</h2></div><div class="line"> </div></div><div class="line"> </div></div><div class="line"></div></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="reference"><a href="#reference" class="headerlink" title="reference"></a>reference</h2><p><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/27211799/angular-ng-repeat-add-bootstrap-row-every-3-or-4-cols" target="_blank" rel="external">stackoverflow</a></p>
</div>
<div class="article-info article-info-index">
<div class="article-tag tagcloud">
<i class="icon-price-tags"></i>
<ul class="article-tag-list"><li class="article-tag-list-item"><a class="article-tag-list-link" href="/tags/angularjs/">angularjs</a></li></ul>
</div>
<p class="article-more-link">
<a class="article-more-a" href="/2017/03/02/angular_row_4/">展开全文 >></a>
</p>
<div class="clearfix"></div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
<article id="post-flex_layout" class="article article-type-post article-index" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
<div class="article-inner">
<header class="article-header">
<h1 itemprop="name">
<a class="article-title" href="/2017/02/23/flex_layout/">flex-layout</a>
</h1>
<a href="/2017/02/23/flex_layout/" class="archive-article-date">
<time datetime="2017-02-23T15:40:49.000Z" itemprop="datePublished"><i class="icon-calendar icon"></i>2017-02-23</time>
</a>
</header>
<div class="article-entry" itemprop="articleBody">
<h2 id="reference"><a href="#reference" class="headerlink" title="reference"></a>reference</h2><p>flexboxfroggy</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/thomaspark/flexboxfroggy" target="_blank" rel="external">github</a></li>
<li><a href="http://flexboxfroggy.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">game</a></li>
</ul>
<p>阮一峰</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2015/07/flex-grammar.html?utm_source=tuicool" target="_blank" rel="external">Flex 布局教程：语法篇</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2015/07/flex-examples.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Flex 布局教程：实例篇</a></li>
<li><a href="http://codepen.io/LandonSchropp/pen/KpzzGo" target="_blank" rel="external">demo</a></li>
</ul>
<p>张鑫旭</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.zhangxinxu.com/wordpress/2010/12/css-box-flex%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7%EF%BC%8C%E7%84%B6%E5%90%8E%E5%BC%B9%E6%80%A7%E7%9B%92%E5%AD%90%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/" target="_blank" rel="external">CSS box-flex属性，然后弹性盒子模型简介</a></li>
</ul>
<p>xiaoxiangzi</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.xiaoxiangzi.com/Programme/CSS/2540.html" target="_blank" rel="external">CSS3 Flexbox可视化指南</a></li>
</ul>
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<a class="article-more-a" href="/2017/02/23/flex_layout/">展开全文 >></a>
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<article id="post-py_numpy_index" class="article article-type-post article-index" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
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<h1 itemprop="name">
<a class="article-title" href="/2017/01/16/py_numpy_index/">Python numpy Index</a>
</h1>
<a href="/2017/01/16/py_numpy_index/" class="archive-article-date">
<time datetime="2017-01-16T02:32:09.000Z" itemprop="datePublished"><i class="icon-calendar icon"></i>2017-01-16</time>
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<div class="article-entry" itemprop="articleBody">
<p>In Python, x[(exp1, exp2, …, expN)] is equivalent to x[exp1, exp2, …, expN]; the latter is just syntactic sugar for the former.</p>
<p>numpy.newaxis</p>
<p>The newaxis object can be used in all slicing operations to create an axis of length one. :const: newaxis is an alias for ‘None’, and ‘None’ can be used in place of this with the same result.</p>
<p><a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/arrays.indexing.html#numpy.newaxis" target="_blank" rel="external">numpy.newaxis</a></p>
<h2 id="Basic-Slicing-and-Indexing"><a href="#Basic-Slicing-and-Indexing" class="headerlink" title="Basic Slicing and Indexing"></a>Basic Slicing and Indexing</h2><p><code>格式</code></p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Basic slicing occurs when obj is a slice object (constructed by start:stop:step notation inside of brackets), an integer, or a tuple of slice objects and integers. </p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>也就是说<code>slice</code>,<code>integer</code>,<code>tuple of slice objects and integers</code>, 这样的index我们称为<code>Basic Slicing</code></p>
<h2 id="Advanced-Indexing"><a href="#Advanced-Indexing" class="headerlink" title="Advanced Indexing"></a>Advanced Indexing</h2>
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<a class="article-title" href="/2017/01/13/py_numpy_shape/">Python numpy shape</a>
</h1>
<a href="/2017/01/13/py_numpy_shape/" class="archive-article-date">
<time datetime="2017-01-13T06:32:13.000Z" itemprop="datePublished"><i class="icon-calendar icon"></i>2017-01-13</time>
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<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">In [52]: x3 = np.random.randint(10, size=(3, 4, 5))</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">In [53]: x3</div><div class="line">Out[53]:</div><div class="line">array([[[1, 7, 4, 7, 5],</div><div class="line"> [3, 5, 9, 4, 3],</div><div class="line"> [6, 9, 4, 1, 4],</div><div class="line"> [2, 0, 8, 9, 4]],</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> [[8, 6, 8, 7, 6],</div><div class="line"> [1, 7, 8, 7, 1],</div><div class="line"> [4, 8, 6, 5, 7],</div><div class="line"> [9, 0, 2, 7, 9]],</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> [[6, 6, 6, 2, 1],</div><div class="line"> [6, 5, 7, 5, 9],</div><div class="line"> [5, 0, 8, 8, 1],</div><div class="line"> [4, 7, 0, 6, 1]]])</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">In [57]: x3.ndim</div><div class="line">Out[57]: 3</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">In [58]: x3.shape</div><div class="line">Out[58]: (3L, 4L, 5L)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">In [59]: x3.size</div><div class="line">Out[59]: 60</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">In [61]: x3.strides</div><div class="line">Out[61]: (80L, 20L, 4L)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>ndim</code> : the number of dimensions,也就是维度, 上面的<code>x3</code>就是一个3维数组.</p>
<p><code>shape</code>: the size of each dimension, 可以认为是数组的形状,每一维的大小.</p>
<p><code>size</code> : total size of the array, 这个<code>size</code>是指元素的个数: 3<em>4</em>5==60</p>
<p><code>strides</code>:</p>
<ul>
<li>每个轴上面相邻元素的地址差. 上面的例子(80L, 20L, 4L), 其中80==20*4,最后一个轴的元素size就是4(int).</li>
<li>numpy在数据存储上面支持C语言的方式:连续的内存存储空间,也支持Fortan的方式.默认是C语言.</li>
</ul>
<p><code>numpy.ndarray.flags</code> 描述了数组的内存layout信息. </p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">In [63]: x3.flags</div><div class="line">Out[63]:</div><div class="line"> C_CONTIGUOUS : True</div><div class="line"> F_CONTIGUOUS : False</div><div class="line"> OWNDATA : True</div><div class="line"> WRITEABLE : True</div><div class="line"> ALIGNED : True</div><div class="line"> UPDATEIFCOPY : False</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li><code>C_CONTIGUOUS</code>就是C语言的存储方式</li>
<li><code>F_CONTIGUOUS</code>就是Fortan语言的存储方式</li>
<li><code>ALIGNED</code>,C语言里面要内存对其，就存在padding的问题,这个true就表示完全follow C语言做内存对其</li>
<li><code>OWNDATA</code>, 如果是view的话，这里就是false.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="reference"><a href="#reference" class="headerlink" title="reference"></a>reference</h3><ul>
<li><a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.flags.html" target="_blank" rel="external">numpy.ndarray.flags</a></li>
</ul>
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<a class="article-title" href="/2017/01/12/py_Sphinx/">Python Sphinx</a>
</h1>
<a href="/2017/01/12/py_Sphinx/" class="archive-article-date">
<time datetime="2017-01-12T08:52:21.000Z" itemprop="datePublished"><i class="icon-calendar icon"></i>2017-01-12</time>
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<ul>
<li>Sphinx是一个静态网站生成器,可以用来做静态网站或者写文档</li>
<li>Sphinx基于reStructuredText,markdown语法，配置文件就是py文件: conf.py</li>
<li>Sphinx支持Python 2.6+, 3.3+.</li>
</ul>
<p>For full documentation visit <a href="http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/latest" target="_blank" rel="external">sphinx-doc</a>.</p>
<h2 id="Quick-Start"><a href="#Quick-Start" class="headerlink" title="Quick Start"></a>Quick Start</h2><p>Install</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">pip install Sphinx</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>Start a new project</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">sphinx-quickstart</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>执行这个命令后，会step by step的生成一个工程,同时conf.py就生成了.同时根目录下面会生成一个make.bat文件（window下面)，后面我们就可以通过这个make.bat来生成页面或者发布了.</p>
<p>make.bat支持多种格式，比如html,epub,json,latex,singlehtml. 支持列表可以敲入下面的命令查看.</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">make.bat help</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>通过下面的命令生成网页</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">make.bat html</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这个命令等同于</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">sphinx-build -b html sourcedir builddir</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="Theme"><a href="#Theme" class="headerlink" title="Theme"></a>Theme</h2><p>在conf.py修改theme</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">html_theme = "classic"</div><div class="line">html_theme_options = {</div><div class="line"> "rightsidebar": "true",</div><div class="line"> "relbarbgcolor": "black"</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>参考页面<a href="http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/latest/theming.html" target="_blank" rel="external">theming</a></p>
<h4 id="sphinx-rtd-theme"><a href="#sphinx-rtd-theme" class="headerlink" title="sphinx_rtd_theme"></a>sphinx_rtd_theme</h4><p>scrapy和readthedocs都是采用的<code>sphinx_rtd_theme</code>,效果参考<a href="http://doc.scrapy.org/en/1.1/index.html" target="_blank" rel="external">scrapy doc页面</a>或者<a href="http://docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank" rel="external">readthedocs</a></p>
<p>install</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">pip install sphinx_rtd_theme</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>usage</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">import sphinx_rtd_theme</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme"</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">html_theme_path = [sphinx_rtd_theme.get_html_theme_path()]</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="支持Markdown"><a href="#支持Markdown" class="headerlink" title="支持Markdown"></a>支持Markdown</h3><p>支持Markdown，简单说需要2步:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>安装Markdown解析工具</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">pip install recommonmark.parser</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>修改conf.py告诉sphinx支持Markdown</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">from recommonmark.parser import CommonMarkParser</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">默认只支持rst后缀文件</div><div class="line">source_suffix = '.rst'</div><div class="line"> 改成</div><div class="line">source_parsers = {'.md': CommonMarkParser}</div><div class="line"> source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md']</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="References"><a href="#References" class="headerlink" title="References"></a>References</h2><ul>
<li><p><code>scrapinghub</code> </p>
<ul>
<li>scrapinghub 文档,rst格式</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/scrapinghub/doc.scrapinghub.com" target="_blank" rel="external">source link</a></li>
<li><a href="http://doc.scrapinghub.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">doc link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><code>readthedocs</code> </p>
<ul>
<li>readthedocs 文档,rst格式</li>
<li><a href="http://docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank" rel="external">doc link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><code>scrapy</code> </p>
<ul>
<li>scrapy 文档,rst格式</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/tree/master/docs" target="_blank" rel="external">source link</a></li>
<li><a href="http://doc.scrapy.org/en/1.1/" target="_blank" rel="external">doc link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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<article id="post-py_namedtuple" class="article article-type-post article-index" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
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<a class="article-title" href="/2017/01/11/py_namedtuple/">Python namedtuple</a>
</h1>
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<time datetime="2017-01-10T16:43:38.000Z" itemprop="datePublished"><i class="icon-calendar icon"></i>2017-01-11</time>
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<p><code>tuple</code>只能用index来获取对应位置的值,也就是0,1,2,3 这种形式对代码可读性,可维护性都不是很好.</p>
<p>很多时候我们需要用类似<code>dict</code>的方式来取值. 这个时候就需要<code>namedtuple</code></p>
<p><code>namedtuple</code>某种意义上就是一个文本的模板,帮助你定义一个<code>tuple</code>的子类.</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">Point = namedtuple(<span class="string">'Point'</span>, [<span class="string">'x'</span>, <span class="string">'y'</span>], verbose=<span class="keyword">True</span>)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>就相当于定义了一个类<code>Point</code></p>
<p>下面的代码关键在于 <code>__dict__ = _property(_asdict)</code>,他定义了一个<code>dict</code>,这样我们才可以实现用名字来获取值.</p>
<p>另外因为用到了<code>__slots__</code>,这个是为了节省memory, 所以大胆的用<code>namedtuple</code>,开销不是很大.</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div><div class="line">36</div><div class="line">37</div><div class="line">38</div><div class="line">39</div><div class="line">40</div><div class="line">41</div><div class="line">42</div><div class="line">43</div><div class="line">44</div><div class="line">45</div><div class="line">46</div><div class="line">47</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Point</span><span class="params">(tuple)</span>:</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="string">'Point(x, y)'</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> __slots__ = ()</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> _fields = (<span class="string">'x'</span>, <span class="string">'y'</span>)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">__new__</span><span class="params">(_cls, x, y)</span>:</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="string">'Create new instance of Point(x, y)'</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> _tuple.__new__(_cls, (x, y))</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="meta"> @classmethod</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">_make</span><span class="params">(cls, iterable, new=tuple.__new__, len=len)</span>:</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="string">'Make a new Point object from a sequence or iterable'</span></div><div class="line"> result = new(cls, iterable)</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> len(result) != <span class="number">2</span>:</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">raise</span> TypeError(<span class="string">'Expected 2 arguments, got %d'</span> % len(result))</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> result</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">__repr__</span><span class="params">(self)</span>:</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="string">'Return a nicely formatted representation string'</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">'Point(x=%r, y=%r)'</span> % self</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">_asdict</span><span class="params">(self)</span>:</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="string">'Return a new OrderedDict which maps field names to their values'</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> OrderedDict(zip(self._fields, self))</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">_replace</span><span class="params">(_self, **kwds)</span>:</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="string">'Return a new Point object replacing specified fields with new values'</span></div><div class="line"> result = _self._make(map(kwds.pop, (<span class="string">'x'</span>, <span class="string">'y'</span>), _self))</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> kwds:</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">raise</span> ValueError(<span class="string">'Got unexpected field names: %r'</span> % kwds.keys())</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> result</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">__getnewargs__</span><span class="params">(self)</span>:</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="string">'Return self as a plain tuple. Used by copy and pickle.'</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> tuple(self)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> __dict__ = _property(_asdict)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">__getstate__</span><span class="params">(self)</span>:</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="string">'Exclude the OrderedDict from pickling'</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">pass</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> x = _property(_itemgetter(<span class="number">0</span>), doc=<span class="string">'Alias for field number 0'</span>)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> y = _property(_itemgetter(<span class="number">1</span>), doc=<span class="string">'Alias for field number 1'</span>)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="usage"><a href="#usage" class="headerlink" title="usage"></a>usage</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'], verbose=True)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">>>> p = Point(11, y=22) # instantiate with positional or keyword arguments</div><div class="line">>>> p[0] + p[1] # indexable like the plain tuple (11, 22)</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">>>> x, y = p # unpack like a regular tuple</div><div class="line">>>> x, y</div><div class="line">(11, 22)</div><div class="line">>>> p.x + p.y # fields also accessible by name</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">>>> p # readable __repr__ with a name=value style</div><div class="line">Point(x=11, y=22)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>另外注意<code>_fields</code>的用法，他直接返回了原始的<code>tuple</code></p>
<h2 id="reference"><a href="#reference" class="headerlink" title="reference"></a>reference</h2><ul>
<li><a href="https://docs.python.org/2/library/collections.html?highlight=namedtuple#collections.namedtuple" target="_blank" rel="external">collections.namedtuple</a></li>
<li>Python cookbook 1.18. Mapping Names to Sequence Elements</li>
</ul>
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<ul class="article-tag-list"><li class="article-tag-list-item"><a class="article-tag-list-link" href="/tags/python/">python</a></li></ul>
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<p class="article-more-link">
<a class="article-more-a" href="/2017/01/11/py_namedtuple/">展开全文 >></a>
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<article id="post-py_private_variables" class="article article-type-post article-index" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
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<h1 itemprop="name">
<a class="article-title" href="/2016/12/31/py_private_variables/">Python Private Variables</a>
</h1>
<a href="/2016/12/31/py_private_variables/" class="archive-article-date">
<time datetime="2016-12-31T11:11:33.000Z" itemprop="datePublished"><i class="icon-calendar icon"></i>2016-12-31</time>
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<p>Python是不支持<code>Private</code>关键字的.Python通过2种形式来支持private.</p>
<h2 id="约定俗成"><a href="#约定俗成" class="headerlink" title="约定俗成"></a>约定俗成</h2><p>如果一个成员是以一个下划线开头(有且只有一个),这种情况是python里面约定俗成的私有变量. 但是注意 python语法上没有对他做任何处理, 这只是一个编码习惯.</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">A</span>:</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">__init__</span><span class="params">(self)</span>:</span></div><div class="line"> self._internal = <span class="number">0</span> <span class="comment"># An internal attribute</span></div><div class="line"> self.public = <span class="number">1</span> <span class="comment"># A public attribute</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">public_method</span><span class="params">(self)</span>:</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="string">'''</span></div><div class="line"> A public method</div><div class="line"> '''</div><div class="line"> ...</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">_internal_method</span><span class="params">(self)</span>:</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="name-mangling"><a href="#name-mangling" class="headerlink" title="name mangling"></a>name mangling</h2><p>如果成员是以两个下划线开头,且结尾<strong>至多</strong>一个下划线,这种类成员python是会做一个重命名的, <code>__spam</code>,python会改出: <code>_classname__spam</code>.</p>
<p>python设计这样的东西,是为了阻止继承的类<code>oeverridden</code>这样的属性.</p>
<p>下面是从python cookbook里面copy出来的.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>At this point, you might ask what purpose<br>such name mangling serves. The answer is inheritance—such attributes cannot be<br>overridden via inheritance</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">class B:</div><div class="line"> def __init__(self):</div><div class="line"> self.__private = 0 -->相当于__B_private</div><div class="line"> def __private_method(self):</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> def public_method(self):</div><div class="line"> ...</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> self.__private_method() -->相当于__B_private_method</div><div class="line"> ...</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">class C(B):</div><div class="line"> def __init__(self):</div><div class="line"> super().__init__()</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> self.__private = 1 # Does not override B.__private</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> # Does not override B.__private_method()</div><div class="line"> def __private_method(self): -->相当于__C_private_method</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>下面是<code>werkzeug\local.py</code>的code. 主要注意的是<code>object.__setattr__</code>用的是转换后的名字<code>_LocalProxy__local</code></p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">object.__setattr__(self, <span class="string">'_LocalProxy__local'</span>, local)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="references"><a href="#references" class="headerlink" title="references"></a>references</h2><ul>
<li><a href="https://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/classes.html#private-variables-and-class-local-references" target="_blank" rel="external">Private Variables and Class-local References</a></li>
<li><a href="http://blog.csdn.net/zsuguangh/article/details/6207469" target="_blank" rel="external">关于Python的class的私有变量扎压 Python的命名机制</a></li>
<li>Python Cookbook 8.5. Encapsulating Names in a Class</li>
</ul>
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<a class="article-more-a" href="/2016/12/31/py_private_variables/">展开全文 >></a>
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<article id="post-hexo_draft" class="article article-type-post article-index" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
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<a class="article-title" href="/2016/12/29/hexo_draft/">hexo draft</a>
</h1>
<a href="/2016/12/29/hexo_draft/" class="archive-article-date">
<time datetime="2016-12-29T08:10:57.000Z" itemprop="datePublished"><i class="icon-calendar icon"></i>2016-12-29</time>
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<h2 id="如果文章写了一半-想设置成draft怎么办"><a href="#如果文章写了一半-想设置成draft怎么办" class="headerlink" title="如果文章写了一半,想设置成draft怎么办?"></a>如果文章写了一半,想设置成draft怎么办?</h2><ol>
<li>看看<code>source/_drafts</code>存在否,不存在,创建一个</li>
<li>把相关文章<code>xx.md</code>和<code>xx目录</code>扔进去就行,是mv不是cp</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="直接创建一个draft"><a href="#直接创建一个draft" class="headerlink" title="直接创建一个draft"></a>直接创建一个draft</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">hexo new draft "new draft"</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这个命令也就是相关文件创建在<code>source/_drafts</code>,默认是创建在<code>source/_posts</code></p>
<h2 id="强行显示draft"><a href="#强行显示draft" class="headerlink" title="强行显示draft"></a>强行显示draft</h2><p><code>__config.yml</code>里面修改:</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">render_drafts: true</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>或者启动server的时候加参数</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">hexo server --drafts</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="发布draft"><a href="#发布draft" class="headerlink" title="发布draft"></a>发布draft</h2><p>下面的命令可以发布,未验证，事实上, <code>publish</code>我从来就没用过</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">hexo publish [layout] <filename></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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