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fnlptc.html
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<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset='UTF-8'><meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width initial-scale=1'>
<title>fnlp文本分类指南</title><link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400italic,700italic,700,400&subset=latin,latin-ext' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><style type='text/css'>html, body {overflow-x: initial !important;}.CodeMirror { height: auto; }
.CodeMirror-scroll { overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; }
.CodeMirror-lines { padding: 4px 0px; }
.CodeMirror pre { }
.CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler, .CodeMirror-gutter-filler { background-color: white; }
.CodeMirror-gutters { border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); white-space: nowrap; }
.CodeMirror-linenumbers { }
.CodeMirror-linenumber { padding: 0px 3px 0px 5px; text-align: right; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor { border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: black; z-index: 3; }
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-secondarycursor { border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: silver; }
.CodeMirror.cm-keymap-fat-cursor div.CodeMirror-cursor { width: auto; border: 0px; background-color: rgb(119, 238, 119); z-index: 1; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; }
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor.CodeMirror-overwrite { }
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.os-windows .cm-startspace::after, .os-windows .cm-starttab .cm-tab::after { left: -0.1em; }
.cm-starttab .cm-tab::after { content: ' '; }
.cm-startspace, .cm-tab, .cm-starttab, .cm-trailing-space-a, .cm-trailing-space-b, .cm-trailing-space-new-line { font-family: monospace; position: relative; }
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.cm-s-inner .cm-number { color: rgb(17, 102, 68); }
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.cm-s-inner .cm-variable-3 { color: rgb(0, 136, 85); }
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.cm-s-inner .cm-hr, .cm-s-inner.cm-hr { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
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.cm-negative { color: rgb(221, 68, 68); }
.cm-positive { color: rgb(34, 153, 34); }
.cm-header, .cm-strong { font-weight: bold; }
.cm-del { text-decoration: line-through; }
.cm-em { font-style: italic; }
.cm-link { text-decoration: underline; }
.cm-error { color: rgb(255, 0, 0); }
.cm-invalidchar { color: rgb(255, 0, 0); }
div.CodeMirror span.CodeMirror-matchingbracket { color: rgb(0, 255, 0); }
div.CodeMirror span.CodeMirror-nonmatchingbracket { color: rgb(255, 34, 34); }
.cm-s-inner .CodeMirror-activeline-background { background-image: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: inherit; background-position: inherit inherit; background-repeat: inherit inherit; }
.CodeMirror { position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-scroll { margin-bottom: -30px; margin-right: -30px; padding-bottom: 30px; padding-right: 30px; height: 100%; outline: none; position: relative; box-sizing: content-box; }
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.CodeMirror-wrap .CodeMirror-code pre { border-right-style: none; width: auto; }
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.CodeMirror-widget { }
.CodeMirror-wrap .CodeMirror-scroll { overflow-x: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-measure { position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; visibility: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-measure pre { position: static; }
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor { position: absolute; visibility: hidden; border-right-style: none; width: 0px; }
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor { visibility: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-focused div.CodeMirror-cursor { visibility: inherit; }
.CodeMirror-selected { background-color: rgb(217, 217, 217); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; }
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.cm-searching { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.4); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; }
.CodeMirror span { }
@media print {
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor { visibility: hidden; }
}
.CodeMirror-lint-markers { width: 16px; }
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html { font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
body { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto; bottom: 0px; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.42857143; overflow-x: hidden; background-image: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: inherit; background-position: inherit inherit; background-repeat: inherit inherit; }
a:active, a:hover { outline: 0px; }
.in-text-selection, ::selection { background-color: rgb(181, 214, 252); text-shadow: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; }
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@media screen and (max-width: 500px) {
body.typora-export { padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; }
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}
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img { max-width: 100%; }
input, button, select, textarea { color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; }
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table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; width: 100%; overflow: auto; page-break-inside: auto; text-align: left; }
table.md-table td { min-width: 80px; }
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li div { padding-top: 0px; }
blockquote { margin: 1rem 0px; }
li p, li .mathjax-block { margin: 0.5rem 0px; }
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blockquote > :first-child { margin-top: 0px; }
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<div id='write' class = 'is-mac'><h2><a name='header-c1' class='md-header-anchor '></a>fnlp文本分类指南</h2><p>FNLP主要是为中文自然语言处理而开发的工具包，也包含为实现这些任务的机器学习算法和数据集。</p><p>工具包说明和地址：<a href='https://github.com/FudanNLP/fnlp/blob/master/README.md' target='_blank' >https://github.com/FudanNLP/fnlp/blob/master/README.md</a></p><p>按以上说明完成fnlp项目导入后，可以看到和文本分类的相关的demo类在fnlp-demo下的org.fnlp.demo.nlp.tc包中，以下主要介绍该包中的TextClassificationSimple类</p><h3><a name='header-c12' class='md-header-anchor '></a>数据准备</h3><p>首先,我们需要准备有类别标记的训练数据。为了简单起见,我们收集一些新闻的 标题,然后根据这些标题进行分类。这些数据放在 example-data/text-classification 目录下。每个文件表示一类,文件中每一行为一篇新闻的标题。具体见以下程序行，规定了训练数据的路径和模型存放路径</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block" lang="java"> <div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 0px; left: 4px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-hscrollbar" style="left: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><div style="height: 100%; min-height: 1px; width: 0px;"></div></div><div class="CodeMirror-vscrollbar" style="min-width: 18px;"><div style="min-width: 1px; height: 0px;"></div></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines"><div style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">// 训练数据路径</span></span></pre></div><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">private</span> <span class="cm-keyword">static</span> <span class="cm-variable-3">String</span> <span class="cm-variable">trainDataPath</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-string">"../example-data/text-classification/"</span>;</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">//模型文件</span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">private</span> <span class="cm-keyword">static</span> <span class="cm-variable-3">String</span> <span class="cm-variable">modelFile</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-string">"../example-data/text-classification/model.gz"</span>;</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 30px; width: 1px; top: 0px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 132px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3><a name='header-c16' class='md-header-anchor '></a>程序解读</h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block" lang="java"> <div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 0px; left: 4px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-hscrollbar" style="left: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><div style="height: 100%; min-height: 1px; width: 0px;"></div></div><div class="CodeMirror-vscrollbar" style="min-width: 18px;"><div style="min-width: 1px; height: 0px;"></div></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines"><div style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">TextClassifier</span> <span class="cm-variable">tc</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">TextClassifier</span>();</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 30px; width: 1px; top: 0px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><p>tc对象的主要功能：</p><ol><li>载入之前保存的模型文件</li><li>读入文本数据进行模型训练</li><li>利用模型文件对文本进行分类</li></ol><p><span id="jump">功能2</span>的具体实现见如下代码：</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block" lang="java"> <div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 0px; left: 4px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-hscrollbar" style="left: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><div style="height: 100%; min-height: 1px; width: 0px;"></div></div><div class="CodeMirror-vscrollbar" style="min-width: 18px;"><div style="min-width: 1px; height: 0px;"></div></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines"><div style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">public</span> <span class="cm-variable-3">void</span> <span class="cm-def">train</span>(<span class="cm-variable">Reader</span> <span class="cm-variable">reader</span>, <span class="cm-variable-3">String</span> <span class="cm-variable">modelFile</span>) <span class="cm-keyword">throws</span> <span class="cm-variable">Exception</span> {</span></pre></div><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-comment">//分类模型</span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-comment">//建立字典管理器</span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-variable">AlphabetFactory</span> <span class="cm-variable">af</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable">AlphabetFactory</span>.<span class="cm-variable">buildFactory</span>();</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span></span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-comment">//使用n元特征</span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-variable">Pipe</span> <span class="cm-variable">ngrampp</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">NGram</span>(<span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable-3">int</span>[] {<span class="cm-number">1</span>,<span class="cm-number">2</span>});</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-comment">//将字符特征转换成字典索引</span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-variable">Pipe</span> <span class="cm-variable">indexpp</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">StringArray2IndexArray</span>(<span class="cm-variable">af</span>);</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-comment">//将目标值对应的索引号作为类别</span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-variable">Pipe</span> <span class="cm-variable">targetpp</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">Target2Label</span>(<span class="cm-variable">af</span>.<span class="cm-variable">DefaultLabelAlphabet</span>());<span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span></span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-comment">//建立pipe组合</span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-variable">SeriesPipes</span> <span class="cm-variable">pp</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">SeriesPipes</span>(<span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">Pipe</span>[]{<span class="cm-variable">ngrampp</span>,<span class="cm-variable">targetpp</span>,<span class="cm-variable">indexpp</span>});</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-variable">SeriesPipes</span> <span class="cm-variable">pp2</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">SeriesPipes</span>(<span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">Pipe</span>[]{<span class="cm-variable">prePipe</span>, <span class="cm-variable">ngrampp</span>,<span class="cm-variable">targetpp</span>,<span class="cm-variable">indexpp</span>});</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-variable">InstanceSet</span> <span class="cm-variable">instset</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">InstanceSet</span>(<span class="cm-variable">pp2</span>,<span class="cm-variable">af</span>);</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-comment">//读入数据，并进行数据处理</span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-variable">instset</span>.<span class="cm-variable">loadThruStagePipes</span>(<span class="cm-variable">reader</span>);</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span></span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-comment">//建立分类器<span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span></span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-variable">OnlineTrainer</span> <span class="cm-variable">trainer</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">OnlineTrainer</span>(<span class="cm-variable">af</span>,<span class="cm-number">100</span>);</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-variable">trainer</span>.<span class="cm-variable">c</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">0.01f</span>;</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-variable">pclassifier</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable">trainer</span>.<span class="cm-variable">train</span>(<span class="cm-variable">instset</span>);</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-variable">pp</span>.<span class="cm-variable">removeTargetPipe</span>();</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-variable">pclassifier</span>.<span class="cm-variable">setPipe</span>(<span class="cm-variable">pp</span>);</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-variable">af</span>.<span class="cm-variable">setStopIncrement</span>(<span class="cm-atom">true</span>);</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span></span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-comment">//将分类器保存到模型文件</span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-variable">pclassifier</span>.<span class="cm-variable">saveTo</span>(<span class="cm-variable">modelFile</span>);<span class="cm-tab"> </span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span>}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 30px; width: 1px; top: 0px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 748px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> 要理解这段程序，先需理解其中涉及到的三个文本处理基本类：AlphabetFactory，Pipe，Instance和一个训练器类OnlineTrainer:</p><h5><a name='header-c35' class='md-header-anchor '></a>字典管理器类－AlphabetFactory类</h5><p> Fnlp中字典管理器使用org.fnlp.ml.types.alphabet.AlphabetFactory常量类，该字典管理器类的对象维护一个映射表<String, IAlphabet>，其中默认创建特征字典和标签字典。</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block" lang="java"> <div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 0px; left: 4px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-hscrollbar" style="left: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><div style="height: 100%; min-height: 1px; width: 0px;"></div></div><div class="CodeMirror-vscrollbar" style="min-width: 18px;"><div style="min-width: 1px; height: 0px;"></div></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines"><div style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">public</span> <span class="cm-keyword">static</span> <span class="cm-keyword">final</span> <span class="cm-variable-3">String</span> <span class="cm-variable">DefalutFeatureName</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-string">"FEATURES"</span>;</span></pre></div><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">public</span> <span class="cm-keyword">static</span> <span class="cm-keyword">final</span> <span class="cm-variable-3">String</span> <span class="cm-variable">DefalutLabelName</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-string">"LABELS"</span>;</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">private</span> <span class="cm-variable">Map</span><span class="cm-operator"><</span><span class="cm-variable-3">String</span>, <span class="cm-variable">IAlphabet</span><span class="cm-operator">></span> <span class="cm-variable">maps</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-atom">null</span>;</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">//构造特征词典和标签词典</span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">public</span> <span class="cm-variable">IFeatureAlphabet</span> <span class="cm-def">buildFeatureAlphabet</span>(<span class="cm-variable-3">String</span> <span class="cm-variable">name</span>)<span class="cm-tab"> </span>{</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">public</span> <span class="cm-variable">LabelAlphabet</span> <span class="cm-def">buildLabelAlphabet</span>(<span class="cm-variable-3">String</span> <span class="cm-variable">name</span>)<span class="cm-tab"> </span>{</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 30px; width: 1px; top: 0px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 176px;"></div></div></div></pre><h5><a name='header-c39' class='md-header-anchor '></a>样本表示类－Instance</h5><p> FNLP 中样本用 org.fnlp.ml.types.Instance 类(简称 Instance 类)描述。每一样 本都是 Instance 类的实例化对象。Instance 类有两个主要的成员变量 data 和 target, 它们分别表示样本的属性 x 和类别 y</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block" lang="java"> <div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 0px; left: 4px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-hscrollbar" style="left: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><div style="height: 100%; min-height: 1px; width: 0px;"></div></div><div class="CodeMirror-vscrollbar" style="min-width: 18px;"><div style="min-width: 1px; height: 0px;"></div></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines"><div style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">//表示单个样本 (x,y)。x,y 分别对应 data,target. </span></span></pre></div><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">public</span> <span class="cm-keyword">class</span> <span class="cm-def">Instance</span> {</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">// 样本属性,相当于 x </span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">protected</span> <span class="cm-variable-3">Object</span> <span class="cm-variable">data</span>; </span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">// 标签或类别,相当于 y </span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">protected</span> <span class="cm-variable-3">Object</span> <span class="cm-variable">target</span>;</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 30px; width: 1px; top: 0px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 154px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> 样本集合用 org.fnlp.ml.types.InstanceSet 类(简称 InstanceSet 类)描述。样本集合定义为 InstanceSet 类的实例化对象。</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block" lang="java"> <div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 0px; left: 4px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-hscrollbar" style="left: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><div style="height: 100%; min-height: 1px; width: 0px;"></div></div><div class="CodeMirror-vscrollbar" style="min-width: 18px;"><div style="min-width: 1px; height: 0px;"></div></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines"><div style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">// 样本集合</span></span></pre></div><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">public</span> <span class="cm-keyword">class</span> <span class="cm-def">InstanceSet</span> <span class="cm-keyword">extends</span> <span class="cm-variable">ArrayList</span> <span class="cm-operator"><</span><span class="cm-variable">Instance</span> <span class="cm-operator">></span> {</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">// 本样本集合默认的数据类型转换管道 </span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-keyword">private</span> <span class="cm-variable">Pipe</span> <span class="cm-variable">pipes</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-atom">null</span>;</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">// 本样本集合对应的特征和标签索引字典管理器</span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-keyword">private</span> <span class="cm-variable">AlphabetFactory</span> <span class="cm-variable">factory</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-atom">null</span>;</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">//批量读取训练数据 </span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab"> </span><span class="cm-keyword">public</span> <span class="cm-variable-3">void</span> <span class="cm-variable">loadThruPipes</span>(<span class="cm-variable">Reader</span> <span class="cm-variable">reader</span>); }</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 30px; width: 1px; top: 0px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 176px;"></div></div></div></pre><h5><a name='header-c46' class='md-header-anchor '></a>特征抽取－Pipe</h5><p> FNLP中特征抽取通过管道来进行,定义为org.fnlp.nlp.pipe.Pipe 类(简称Pipe 类),该类是一个抽象类。</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block" lang="java"> <div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 0px; left: 4px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-hscrollbar" style="left: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><div style="height: 100%; min-height: 1px; width: 0px;"></div></div><div class="CodeMirror-vscrollbar" style="min-width: 18px;"><div style="min-width: 1px; height: 0px;"></div></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines"><div style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">// 特征转换管道,将数据从字符串转换为基于向量的特征表示 </span></span></pre></div><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">public</span> <span class="cm-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="cm-keyword">class</span> <span class="cm-def">Pipe</span>{</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">// 基本的数据类型转换处理操作,继承类需重新定义实现</span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">public</span> <span class="cm-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="cm-variable-3">void</span> <span class="cm-variable">addThruPipe</span>(<span class="cm-variable">Instance</span> <span class="cm-variable">inst</span>); </span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 30px; width: 1px; top: 0px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 110px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> 所有的特征转换器都继承 Pipe 类,通过重新定义 addThruPipe 方法来实现不同的数据类型转换。</p><p> 一个特殊的继承类是 org.fnlp.nlp.pipe.SeriesPipes 类(简称 SeriesPipes 类),该 类是一个或多个 Pipe 对象的串行组合。</p><h5><a name='header-c54' class='md-header-anchor '></a>训练器类－OnlineTrainer</h5><p> 训练器类训练样本参数来获取分类器，并且在开发集或者测试集上评估性能。</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block" lang="java"> <div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 0px; left: 4px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-hscrollbar" style="left: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><div style="height: 100%; min-height: 1px; width: 0px;"></div></div><div class="CodeMirror-vscrollbar" style="min-width: 18px;"><div style="min-width: 1px; height: 0px;"></div></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines"><div style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">//参数训练方法，返回线性分类器</span></span></pre></div><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">public</span> <span class="cm-variable">Linear</span> <span class="cm-def">train</span>(<span class="cm-variable">InstanceSet</span> <span class="cm-variable">trainset</span>, <span class="cm-variable">InstanceSet</span> <span class="cm-variable">devset</span>)</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">//在开发集上评估性能</span></span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">public</span> <span class="cm-variable-3">void</span> <span class="cm-def">evaluate</span>(<span class="cm-variable">InstanceSet</span> <span class="cm-variable">devset</span>)</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 30px; width: 1px; top: 0px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 88px;"></div></div></div></pre><p>了解这四个基本类后，就能理解<a href='#jump'>功能2</a>的具体实现代码了：</p><ol><li>首先建立一个字典管理器，字典管理器将自动创建标签字典和特征字典，</li><li>建立三个特征抽取类，功能分别是Ngram（抽取语句中的n元特征），StringArray2IndexArray（将字符特征转化成字典索引），Target2Label（将目标值对应的索引号作为类别）</li><li>建立Pipe组合｛pp和pp2｝pp2和pp的值是相同，都是｛Ngram,StringArray2IndexArray,Target2Label｝的组合</li><li>建立初始化的样本集合InstanceSet，传入特征抽取组合｛pp2｝和字典管理器｛af｝</li><li>读入数据｛reader｝，进行数据处理，处理完之后，所得InstanceSet的每个Instance样式为｛Feature: (xx,xx,xx)，Label{xx}｝</li><li>建立trainer，传入参数字典管理器｛af｝和迭代次数｛100｝，更改训练器步长c为｛0.1｝</li><li>trainer调用train函数，利用感知机的原理训练一个分类器｛pclassifier｝，将管道组合｛pp｝去除与label有关的管道并传给pclassifier，（这个pclassifier是训练完的，之后通常处理只有feature没有label的数据）随后将字典af设置为不再增长，最后将分类器保存到模型文件。</li></ol><p>在完成训练器训练后，即可使用该分类器进行文本分类（使用classify方法）</p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block" lang="java"> <div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 0px; left: 4px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-hscrollbar" style="left: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><div style="height: 100%; min-height: 1px; width: 0px;"></div></div><div class="CodeMirror-vscrollbar" style="min-width: 18px;"><div style="min-width: 1px; height: 0px;"></div></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; min-height: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines"><div style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable-3">String</span> <span class="cm-variable">str</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-string">"苹果将投建私人餐厅防止员工谈话被窃听"</span>;</span></pre></div><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable-3">String</span> <span class="cm-variable">label</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> (<span class="cm-variable-3">String</span>) <span class="cm-variable">tc</span>.<span class="cm-variable">classify</span>(<span class="cm-variable">str</span>).<span class="cm-variable">getLabel</span>(<span class="cm-number">0</span>);</span></pre><pre class=""><span style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">System</span>.<span class="cm-variable">out</span>.<span class="cm-variable">println</span>(<span class="cm-string">"类别："</span><span class="cm-operator">+</span> <span class="cm-variable">label</span>);</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 30px; width: 1px; top: 0px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 66px;"></div></div></div></pre><p></p></div>
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