Arbitrary base conversion

[stefnotch]

It might be useful to have a page which lets us convert numbers from any base to any other base.
And unlike other calculators out there, it should do so with arbitrary precision.

[stefnotch]

In the spirit of this math stackexchange answer, here is how to probably deal with fractional numbers.

(0.1235)_6 = 1 * 1/6 + 2*1/(6^2) + 3*1/(6^3) + 5*(1/6^4)
x := 6^4 
           = (1*6*6*6)/x + (2*6*6)/x + (3*6)/x + 5/x
           = (1*6*6*6 + 2*6*6 + 3*6 + 5)/x

tl;dr:

• Do the first part of the number base conversion as "usual", one can also cut to the chase by using something off the shelf such as this
• Do the fractional part of the number base conversion as "usual" as well
• Then, divide by (source base^number of places after the .) in the target base. Whee, division in a different base!

[stefnotch]

We got a proper "arbitrary base arithmetic" class on the base-converter branch. So, time to turn this into reality