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draft-gregorio-uritemplate-01.html
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<html lang="en"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><title>URI Template</title><style type="text/css" title="Xml2Rfc (sans serif)">
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</style><link rel="Contents" href="#rfc.toc"><link rel="Author" href="#rfc.authors"><link rel="Copyright" href="#rfc.copyright"><link rel="Chapter" title="1 Introduction" href="#rfc.section.1"><link rel="Chapter" title="2 Notational Conventions" href="#rfc.section.2"><link rel="Chapter" title="3 URI Template" href="#rfc.section.3"><link rel="Chapter" title="4 Security Considerations" href="#rfc.section.4"><link rel="Chapter" title="5 IANA Considerations" href="#rfc.section.5"><link rel="Chapter" href="#rfc.section.6" title="6 Normative References"><link rel="Appendix" title="A Contributors" href="#rfc.section.A"><link rel="Appendix" title="B Revision History" href="#rfc.section.B"><meta name="generator" content="http://greenbytes.de/tech/webdav/rfc2629.xslt, Revision 1.310, 2007/01/07 13:32:43, XSLT vendor: libxslt http://xmlsoft.org/XSLT/"><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><meta name="DC.Creator" content="Gregorio, J.C."><meta name="DC.Creator" content="Hadley, M.H."><meta name="DC.Creator" content="Nottingham, M.N."><meta name="DC.Creator" content="Orchard, D.O."><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="urn:ietf:id:draft-gregorio-uritemplate-01"><meta name="DC.Date.Issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2007-07"><meta name="DC.Description.Abstract" content="URI Templates are strings that can be transformed into URIs after embedded variables are substituted. This document defines the syntax and processing of URI Templates."></head><body><table summary="header information" class="header" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><tr><td class="front left">Network Working Group</td><td class="front right">J.C. Gregorio, Editor</td></tr><tr><td class="front left">Internet Draft</td><td class="front right"></td></tr><tr><td class="front left">
<draft-gregorio-uritemplate-01>
</td><td class="front right">M.H. Hadley, Editor</td></tr><tr><td class="front left">Intended status: Standards Track</td><td class="front right">Sun Microsystems</td></tr><tr><td class="front left">Expires: January 2008</td><td class="front right">M.N. Nottingham, Editor</td></tr><tr><td class="front left"></td><td class="front right"></td></tr><tr><td class="front left"></td><td class="front right">D.O. Orchard</td></tr><tr><td class="front left"></td><td class="front right">BEA Systems, Inc.</td></tr><tr><td class="front left"></td><td class="front right">July 2007</td></tr></table><p class="title">URI Template<br><span class="filename">draft-gregorio-uritemplate-01</span></p><h1><a id="rfc.status" href="#rfc.status">Status of this Memo</a></h1><p>By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.</p><p>Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts.</p><p>Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as “work in progress”.</p><p>The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at <<a href="http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt">http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt</a>>.</p><p>The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at <<a href="http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html">http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html</a>>.</p><p>This Internet-Draft will expire in January 2008.</p><h1><a id="rfc.copyrightnotice" href="#rfc.copyrightnotice">Copyright Notice</a></h1><p>Copyright © The IETF Trust (2007). All Rights Reserved.</p><h1 id="rfc.abstract"><a href="#rfc.abstract">Abstract</a></h1> <p>URI Templates are strings that can be transformed into URIs after embedded variables are substituted. This document defines the syntax and processing of URI Templates.</p> <h1 id="rfc.note.1"><a href="#rfc.note.1">Editorial Note</a></h1> <p>To provide feedback on this Internet-Draft, join the <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/uri/">W3C URI mailing list (http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/uri/)</a>.</p> <hr class="noprint"><h1 class="np" id="rfc.toc"><a href="#rfc.toc">Table of Contents</a></h1><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline0">1. <a href="#rfc.section.1">Introduction</a></li><li class="tocline0">2. <a href="#rfc.section.2">Notational Conventions</a></li><li class="tocline0">3. <a href="#rfc.section.3">URI Template</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline1">3.1 <a href="#variables">Template Variables</a></li><li class="tocline1">3.2 <a href="#evaluating">URI Template Substitution</a></li><li class="tocline1">3.3 <a href="#using">Using URI Templates</a><ul class="toc"><li class="tocline1">3.3.1 <a href="#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="tocline0">4. <a href="#rfc.section.4">Security Considerations</a></li><li class="tocline0">5. <a href="#iana">IANA Considerations</a></li><li class="tocline0">6. <a href="#rfc.references">Normative References</a></li><li class="tocline0"><a href="#rfc.authors">Authors' Addresses</a></li><li class="tocline0">A. <a href="#rfc.section.A">Contributors</a></li><li class="tocline0">B. <a href="#rfc.section.B">Revision History</a></li><li class="tocline0"><a href="#rfc.ipr">Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements</a></li></ul><h1 id="rfc.section.1" class="np"><a href="#rfc.section.1">1.</a> Introduction</h1><p id="rfc.section.1.p.1">URI Templates are strings that contain embedded variables that are transformed into URIs after embedded variables are substituted.</p><p id="rfc.section.1.p.2">This is useful when it's necessary to convey the structure of a URI in a well-defined way. For example, documentation of an interface exposed by a Web site might use a template to show people how to find information about a user;</p><div id="rfc.figure.u.1"></div> <pre>
http://www.example.com/users/{userid}
</pre> <p id="rfc.section.1.p.4">URI Templates can also be thought of as the basis of a machine-readable forms language; by allowing clients to form their own identifiers based on templates given to them by the URI's authority, it's possible to construct dynamic systems that use more of the URI than traditional HTML forms are able to. For example,</p><div id="rfc.figure.u.2"></div> <pre>
http://www.example.org/products/{upc}/buyers?page={page_num}
</pre> <p id="rfc.section.1.p.6">Finally, URI Templates can be used to compose URI-centric protocols without impinging on authorities' control of their URIs. For example, there are many emerging conventions for passing around login information between sites using URIs. Forcing people to use a well-known query parameter isn't good practice, but using a URI parameter allows different sites to specify local ways of conveying the same information;</p><div id="rfc.figure.u.3"></div> <pre>
http://login.example.org/login?back={return-uri}
http://auth.example.com/userauth;{return-uri}
</pre> <p id="rfc.section.1.p.8">This specification defines the basic syntax and processing of URI Templates. Each application of URI Templates will need to define its own profile of this specification that indicates what template variables are available, how to convey them to clients, and what their appropriate use is in that context.</p><h1 id="rfc.section.2"><a href="#rfc.section.2">2.</a> Notational Conventions</h1><p id="rfc.section.2.p.1">The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in <a href="#RFC2119"><cite title="Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels">[RFC2119]</cite></a>.</p><p id="rfc.section.2.p.2">This specification uses the Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF) notation of <a href="#RFC4234"><cite title="Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF">[RFC4234]</cite></a>. See <a href="#RFC3986"><cite title="Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax">[RFC3986]</cite></a> for the definitions of the URI-reference, reserved, and unreserved rules.</p><h1 id="rfc.section.3"><a href="#rfc.section.3">3.</a> URI Template</h1><p id="rfc.section.3.p.1">A URI Template is a sequence of characters that contains one or more embedded template variables, see <a href="#variables" title="Template Variables">Section 3.1</a>. A URI Template becomes a URI when the template variables are substituted with their values (see <a href="#evaluating" title="URI Template Substitution">Section 3.2</a>). For example:</p><div id="rfc.figure.u.4"></div> <pre>
http://example.com/widgets/{widget_id}
</pre> <p id="rfc.section.3.p.3">If the value of the widget_id variable is "xyzzy", the resulting URI after substitution is:</p><div id="rfc.figure.u.5"></div> <pre>
http://example.com/widgets/xyzzy
</pre> <h2 id="rfc.section.3.1"><a href="#rfc.section.3.1">3.1</a> <a id="variables" href="#variables">Template Variables</a></h2><p id="rfc.section.3.1.p.1">Template variables are the parameterized components of a URI Template. A template variable MUST match the template-var rule.</p><div id="rfc.figure.u.6"></div> <pre>
template-char = unreserved
template-name = 1*template-char
template-var = "{" template-name "}"
</pre> <h2 id="rfc.section.3.2"><a href="#rfc.section.3.2">3.2</a> <a id="evaluating" href="#evaluating">URI Template Substitution</a></h2><p id="rfc.section.3.2.p.1">Evaluating a URI Template ("substitution") consists of replacing all template variables with their respective string values.</p><p id="rfc.section.3.2.p.2">During substitution, the string value of a template variable MUST have any characters that do not match the reserved or unreserved rules (i.e., those characters not legal in URIs without percent encoding) percent-encoded, as per <a href="#RFC3986"><cite title="Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax">[RFC3986]</cite></a>, section 2.1. Specific applications of URI Templates MAY specify additional constraints and encoding rules in addition to this.</p><p id="rfc.section.3.2.p.3">Any number of template variables MAY appear in a URI Template; a single template-name MAY appear multiple times.</p><p id="rfc.section.3.2.p.4">The result of substitution MUST match the URI-reference rule and SHOULD also match any known rules for the scheme of the resulting URI.</p><p id="rfc.section.3.2.p.5">Typically, this is ensured by the definitions of the template variables used. For example, they may specify that a variable's value is not to contain certain characters, or that some characters should be percent-encoded before substitution.</p><h2 id="rfc.section.3.3"><a href="#rfc.section.3.3">3.3</a> <a id="using" href="#using">Using URI Templates</a></h2><p id="rfc.section.3.3.p.1">Applications using URI Templates will typically need to specify a number of things, including;</p><ul><li>The template to use.</li><li>What template variables are available.</li><li>For each of the variables; <ul><li>What characters are allowed in the template's value.</li><li>What encodings should be applied to the value before substitutions.</li><li>How to handle errors such as the output of substitution being an invalid URI.</li></ul></li></ul><p id="rfc.section.3.3.p.3">URI Template processors SHOULD allow applications to indicate that;</p><ul><li>A variable's value is required to contain at least one character</li><li>A variable's value is required to match one of a set of supplied options</li><li>A variable's value is to have all reserved characters, as per RFC3986, percent-escaped before substitution</li></ul><p id="rfc.section.3.3.p.5">Processors MAY make additional options available.</p><h3 id="rfc.section.3.3.1"><a href="#rfc.section.3.3.1">3.3.1</a> <a id="examples" href="#examples">Examples</a></h3><div id="rfc.table.1"><div id="example-table"></div><p>Given the following template names and values:</p><table summary="
Given the following template names and
values:
" class="tt full" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"><thead><tr><th class="left">Name</th><th class="left">Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>a</td><td>fred</td></tr><tr><td>b</td><td>barney</td></tr><tr><td>c</td><td>cheeseburger</td></tr><tr><td>d</td><td>one two three</td></tr><tr><td>e</td><td>20% tricky</td></tr><tr><td>f</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>this-is-spinal-tap</td></tr><tr><td>scheme</td><td>https</td></tr><tr><td>p</td><td>quote=to+be+or+not+to+be</td></tr><tr><td>q</td><td>hullo#world</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="figure">Table 1</p></div><p id="rfc.section.3.3.1.p.1">(Note that the name 'wilma' has not been defined, and the value of 'f' is the empty string.)</p><p id="rfc.section.3.3.1.p.2">The following URI Templates will be expanded as shown:</p><div id="rfc.figure.u.7"></div> <pre>
http://example.org/page1#{a}
http://example.org/page1#fred
http://example.org/{a}/{b}/
http://example.org/fred/barney/
http://example.org/{a}{b}/
http://example.org/fredbarney/
http://example.com/order/{c}/{c}/{c}/
http://example.com/order/cheeseburger/cheeseburger/cheeseburger/
http://example.org/{d}
http://example.org/one%20two%20three
http://example.org/{e}
http://example.org/20%25%20tricky
http://example.com/{f}/
http://example.com//
{scheme}://{20}.example.org?date={wilma}&option={a}
https://this-is-spinal-tap.example.org?date=&option=fred
http://example.org?{p}
http://example.org?quote=to+be+or+not+to+be
http://example.com/{q}
http://example.com/hullo#world
</pre> <h1 id="rfc.section.4"><a href="#rfc.section.4">4.</a> Security Considerations</h1><p id="rfc.section.4.p.1">A URI Template does not contain active or executable content. Other security considerations are the same as those for URIs, see section 7 of RFC3986.</p><h1 id="rfc.section.5"><a href="#rfc.section.5">5.</a> <a id="iana" href="#iana">IANA Considerations</a></h1><p id="rfc.section.5.p.1">In common with RFC3986, URI scheme names form a registered namespace that is managed by IANA according to the procedures defined in <a href="#RFC4395"><cite title="Guidelines and Registration Procedures for New URI Schemes">[RFC4395]</cite></a>. No IANA actions are required by this document.</p><h1 id="rfc.references"><a href="#rfc.section.6">6.</a> Normative References</h1><table summary="Normative References" border="0" cellpadding="2"> <tr><td class="topnowrap"><b id="RFC2119">[RFC2119]</b></td><td class="top"><a href="mailto:[email protected]" title="Harvard University">Bradner, S.</a>, “<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</a>”, BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.</td></tr><tr><td class="topnowrap"><b id="RFC3986">[RFC3986]</b></td><td class="top">Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, “<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986">Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</a>”, STD 66, RFC 3986, January 2005.</td></tr><tr><td class="topnowrap"><b id="RFC4234">[RFC4234]</b></td><td class="top"><a href="mailto:[email protected]" title="Brandenburg InternetWorking">Crocker, D., Ed.</a> and <a href="mailto:[email protected]" title="THUS plc.">P. Overell</a>, “<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4234">Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF</a>”, RFC 4234, October 2005.</td></tr><tr><td class="topnowrap"><b id="RFC4395">[RFC4395]</b></td><td class="top">Hansen, T., Hardie, T., and L. Masinter, “<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4395">Guidelines and Registration Procedures for New URI Schemes</a>”, BCP 115, RFC 4395, February 2006.</td></tr></table><h1 id="rfc.authors">Authors' Addresses</h1><address class="vcard"><span class="vcardline"><span class="fn">Joe Gregorio</span>
(editor)
<span class="n hidden"><span class="family-name">Gregorio</span><span class="given-name">Joe</span></span></span><span class="vcardline">EMail: <a href="mailto:[email protected]"><span class="email">[email protected]</span></a></span><span class="vcardline">URI: <a href="http://bitworking.org/" class="url">http://bitworking.org/</a></span></address><address class="vcard"><span class="vcardline"><span class="fn">Marc Hadley</span>
(editor)
<span class="n hidden"><span class="family-name">Hadley</span><span class="given-name">Marc</span></span></span><span class="org vcardline">Sun Microsystems</span><span class="vcardline">EMail: <a href="mailto:[email protected]"><span class="email">[email protected]</span></a></span><span class="vcardline">URI: <a href="http://sun.com/" class="url">http://sun.com/</a></span></address><address class="vcard"><span class="vcardline"><span class="fn">Mark Nottingham</span>
(editor)
<span class="n hidden"><span class="family-name">Nottingham</span><span class="given-name">Mark</span></span></span><span class="vcardline">EMail: <a href="mailto:[email protected]"><span class="email">[email protected]</span></a></span><span class="vcardline">URI: <a href="http://mnot.net/" class="url">http://mnot.net/</a></span></address><address class="vcard"><span class="vcardline"><span class="fn">David Orchard</span><span class="n hidden"><span class="family-name">Orchard</span><span class="given-name">David</span></span></span><span class="org vcardline">BEA Systems, Inc.</span><span class="vcardline">EMail: <a href="mailto:[email protected]"><span class="email">[email protected]</span></a></span><span class="vcardline">URI: <a href="http://bea.com/" class="url">http://bea.com/</a></span></address><h1 id="rfc.section.A"><a href="#rfc.section.A">A.</a> Contributors</h1><p id="rfc.section.A.p.1">The following people made significant contributions to this specification: DeWitt Clinton and James Snell.</p><h1 id="rfc.section.B"><a href="#rfc.section.B">B.</a> Revision History</h1><p id="rfc.section.B.p.1">01</p><p id="rfc.section.B.p.2">00 - Initial Revision.</p><h1><a id="rfc.copyright" href="#rfc.copyright">Full Copyright Statement</a></h1><p>Copyright © The IETF Trust (2007).</p><p>This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights.</p><p>This document and the information contained herein are provided on an “AS IS” basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.</p><h1><a id="rfc.ipr" href="#rfc.ipr">Intellectual Property</a></h1><p>The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.</p><p>Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at <<a href="http://www.ietf.org/ipr">http://www.ietf.org/ipr</a>>.</p><p>The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>.</p><h1>Acknowledgement</h1><p>Funding for the RFC Editor function is provided by the IETF Administrative Support Activity (IASA).</p></body></html>