This Docker image is published as vsund/latex-tuda-ci on Docker Hub. See this repository for some templates to build.
This image is based on blang/latex:ctanbasic.
Please also note that this image works for what I tried to do. Feel free to fork, adapt, and clean up :)
Execute something like the following in a directory with your document (or use another path for the mounted volume):
$ docker run --user $(id -u):$(id -g) --volume "$(pwd)":/data vsund/latex-tuda-ci latexmk -pdflua some-document.tex
Make sure that the file tuda_logo.pdf is also in that directory (you need to log in for downloading it).