diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/appInit.ts b/packages/core/src/app/appInit.ts
index 1db287fd28..95ce110178 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/appInit.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/appInit.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ const log = debug('vuepress:core/app')
  * Initialize a vuepress app
  *
  * Plugins should be used before initialization.
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const appInit = async (app: App): Promise<void> => {
   log('init start')
diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/appPrepare.ts b/packages/core/src/app/appPrepare.ts
index f8d2585f50..15dd6986b7 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/appPrepare.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/appPrepare.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ const log = debug('vuepress:core/app')
  * - routes
  * - site data
  * - other files that generated by plugins
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const appPrepare = async (app: App): Promise<void> => {
   log('prepare start')
diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/appUse.ts b/packages/core/src/app/appUse.ts
index df53e43cab..9c98443a39 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/appUse.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/appUse.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,13 @@ import { resolvePluginObject } from './resolvePluginObject.js'
 
 const log = debug('vuepress:core/app')
 
+/**
+ * Use a plugin in vuepress app.
+ *
+ * Should be called before initialization.
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
 export const appUse = (app: App, rawPlugin: Plugin): App => {
   const pluginObject = resolvePluginObject(app, rawPlugin)
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/createBaseApp.ts b/packages/core/src/app/createBaseApp.ts
index dc2b2ecaf4..624d18ac91 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/createBaseApp.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/createBaseApp.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ import { setupAppThemeAndPlugins } from './setupAppThemeAndPlugins.js'
 
 /**
  * Create vuepress app
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const createBaseApp = (config: AppConfig): App => {
   const options = resolveAppOptions(config)
diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/prepare/prepareClientConfigs.ts b/packages/core/src/app/prepare/prepareClientConfigs.ts
index 59bb1f5624..4636bd5556 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/prepare/prepareClientConfigs.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/prepare/prepareClientConfigs.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import type { App } from '../../types/index.js'
 
 /**
  * Generate client configs temp file
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const prepareClientConfigs = async (app: App): Promise<void> => {
   // plugin hook: clientConfigFile
diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/prepare/preparePageChunk.ts b/packages/core/src/app/prepare/preparePageChunk.ts
index 353a98eee1..e401d9cfce 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/prepare/preparePageChunk.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/prepare/preparePageChunk.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ if (import.meta.hot) {
 
 /**
  * Generate page chunk temp file of a single page
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const preparePageChunk = async (app: App, page: Page): Promise<void> => {
   // page chunk file content
diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/prepare/preparePageComponent.ts b/packages/core/src/app/prepare/preparePageComponent.ts
index 569d63697a..c37fe9c2c9 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/prepare/preparePageComponent.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/prepare/preparePageComponent.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import type { App, Page } from '../../types/index.js'
 
 /**
  * Generate page component temp file of a single page
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const preparePageComponent = async (
   app: App,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/prepare/prepareRoutes.ts b/packages/core/src/app/prepare/prepareRoutes.ts
index b3556e8041..a4f8d6f549 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/prepare/prepareRoutes.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/prepare/prepareRoutes.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ if (import.meta.hot) {
 
 /**
  * Resolve page redirects
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 const resolvePageRedirects = ({ path, pathInferred }: Page): string[] => {
   // paths that should redirect to this page, use set to dedupe
diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/prepare/prepareSiteData.ts b/packages/core/src/app/prepare/prepareSiteData.ts
index c2749c0dc2..7121e72845 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/prepare/prepareSiteData.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/prepare/prepareSiteData.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ if (import.meta.hot) {
 
 /**
  * Generate site data temp file
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const prepareSiteData = async (app: App): Promise<void> => {
   let content = `\
diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppDir.ts b/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppDir.ts
index 5e78b9d344..18819dca9d 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppDir.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppDir.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ const require = createRequire(import.meta.url)
 
 /**
  * Create directory util function
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const createAppDirFunction =
   (baseDir: string): AppDirFunction =>
diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppEnv.ts b/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppEnv.ts
index 7ec4bf96c0..d0b069c6a4 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppEnv.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppEnv.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import type { AppEnv, AppOptions } from '../types/index.js'
 
 /**
  * Resolve environment flags for vuepress app
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const resolveAppEnv = (options: AppOptions): AppEnv => ({
   isBuild: false,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppMarkdown.ts b/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppMarkdown.ts
index 84ce7d0a1a..d3b35b4ef2 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppMarkdown.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppMarkdown.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import type { App } from '../types/index.js'
 
 /**
  * Resolve markdown-it instance for vuepress app
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const resolveAppMarkdown = async (app: App): Promise<Markdown> => {
   // plugin hook: extendsMarkdownOptions
diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppOptions.ts b/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppOptions.ts
index 63b9379962..756227ffe5 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppOptions.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppOptions.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ const require = createRequire(import.meta.url)
 
 /**
  * Create app options with default values
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const resolveAppOptions = ({
   // site config
diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppPages.ts b/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppPages.ts
index d8cd00bd41..51ed100308 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppPages.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppPages.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ const log = debug('vuepress:core/app')
 
 /**
  * Resolve pages for vuepress app
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const resolveAppPages = async (app: App): Promise<Page[]> => {
   log('resolveAppPages start')
diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppSiteData.ts b/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppSiteData.ts
index 9f2b654e3e..bc37720131 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppSiteData.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppSiteData.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import type { AppOptions, SiteData } from '../types/index.js'
  * Resolve site data for vuepress app
  *
  * Site data will also be used in client
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const resolveAppSiteData = (options: AppOptions): SiteData => ({
   base: options.base,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppVersion.ts b/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppVersion.ts
index 590340ffc4..5f356432a3 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppVersion.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppVersion.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ const require = createRequire(import.meta.url)
 
 /**
  * Resolve version of vuepress app
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const resolveAppVersion = (): string => {
   const pkgJson = fs.readJsonSync(
diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppWriteTemp.ts b/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppWriteTemp.ts
index f4e3b6c7d5..2a3560f072 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppWriteTemp.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/resolveAppWriteTemp.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import type { AppDir, AppWriteTemp } from '../types/index.js'
 
 /**
  * Resolve write temp file util for vuepress app
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const resolveAppWriteTemp = (dir: AppDir): AppWriteTemp => {
   const writeTemp: AppWriteTemp = async (file: string, content: string) => {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/resolvePluginObject.ts b/packages/core/src/app/resolvePluginObject.ts
index 8ccdd72aaa..4636f48ac0 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/resolvePluginObject.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/resolvePluginObject.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import type { App, Plugin, PluginObject } from '../types/index.js'
 
 /**
  * Resolve a plugin object according to name / path / module and config
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const resolvePluginObject = <T extends PluginObject = PluginObject>(
   app: App,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/resolveThemeInfo.ts b/packages/core/src/app/resolveThemeInfo.ts
index 34e9ff3b0d..b16c371429 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/resolveThemeInfo.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/resolveThemeInfo.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import { resolvePluginObject } from './resolvePluginObject.js'
 
 /**
  * Resolve theme info and its parent theme info
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const resolveThemeInfo = (app: App, theme: Theme): ThemeInfo => {
   // resolve current theme info
diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/setupAppThemeAndPlugins.ts b/packages/core/src/app/setupAppThemeAndPlugins.ts
index f28c9f04e7..39aceda92b 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/setupAppThemeAndPlugins.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/setupAppThemeAndPlugins.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import { resolveThemeInfo } from './resolveThemeInfo.js'
 
 /**
  * Setup theme and plugins for vuepress app
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const setupAppThemeAndPlugins = (app: App, config: AppConfig): void => {
   // recursively resolve theme info
diff --git a/packages/core/src/page/createPage.ts b/packages/core/src/page/createPage.ts
index 600d60d63d..8234621208 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/page/createPage.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/page/createPage.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@ import { resolvePagePermalink } from './resolvePagePermalink.js'
 import { resolvePageRouteMeta } from './resolvePageRouteMeta.js'
 import { resolvePageSlug } from './resolvePageSlug.js'
 
+/**
+ * Create vuepress page object
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
 export const createPage = async (
   app: App,
   options: PageOptions,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/page/inferPagePath.ts b/packages/core/src/page/inferPagePath.ts
index 8d082ea93c..2a406c7b66 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/page/inferPagePath.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/page/inferPagePath.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import type { App } from '../types/index.js'
 
 /**
  * Infer page path according to file path
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const inferPagePath = ({
   app,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/page/parsePageContent.ts b/packages/core/src/page/parsePageContent.ts
index 8af9d92b96..03e036a87e 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/page/parsePageContent.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/page/parsePageContent.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ import type { App, PageFrontmatter, PageOptions } from '../types/index.js'
 
 /**
  * Render page content and extract related info
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const parsePageContent = ({
   app,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/page/renderPageSfcBlocksToVue.ts b/packages/core/src/page/renderPageSfcBlocksToVue.ts
index 7428643823..79f15e92ca 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/page/renderPageSfcBlocksToVue.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/page/renderPageSfcBlocksToVue.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import type { MarkdownSfcBlocks } from '@vuepress/markdown'
 
 /**
  * Render page sfc blocks to vue component
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const renderPageSfcBlocksToVue = (
   sfcBlocks: MarkdownSfcBlocks,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageChunkInfo.ts b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageChunkInfo.ts
index 037018c6cc..0d5c6b994f 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageChunkInfo.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageChunkInfo.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import type { App } from '../types/index.js'
 
 /**
  * Resolve page data file path
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const resolvePageChunkInfo = ({
   app,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageComponentInfo.ts b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageComponentInfo.ts
index b1ee312cc4..1e5d4d6156 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageComponentInfo.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageComponentInfo.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import type { App } from '../types/index.js'
 
 /**
  * Resolve page component and related info
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const resolvePageComponentInfo = ({
   app,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageContent.ts b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageContent.ts
index c4bda0732b..51a1aa3ab2 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageContent.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageContent.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ const FALLBACK_CONTENT = ''
 
 /**
  * Resolve page content according to `content` or `filePath`
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const resolvePageContent = async ({
   filePath,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageDate.ts b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageDate.ts
index d371062f68..f9b2d5312c 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageDate.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageDate.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ const DEFAULT_DATE = '0000-00-00'
  * Resolve page date according to frontmatter or file path
  *
  * It will be resolved as 'yyyy-MM-dd' format
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const resolvePageDate = ({
   frontmatter,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageFilePath.ts b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageFilePath.ts
index ee5a1b01ed..32d34e23a5 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageFilePath.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageFilePath.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import type { App, PageOptions } from '../types/index.js'
 
 /**
  * Resolve absolute and relative path of page file
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const resolvePageFilePath = ({
   app,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageHtmlInfo.ts b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageHtmlInfo.ts
index 677921ed04..0417e4edbe 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageHtmlInfo.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageHtmlInfo.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import type { App } from '../types/index.js'
 
 /**
  * Resolve page rendered html file path
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const resolvePageHtmlInfo = ({
   app,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageLang.ts b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageLang.ts
index 3f2f243256..d0774e871c 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageLang.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageLang.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import type { App, PageFrontmatter } from '../types/index.js'
 
 /**
  * Resolve language of page
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const resolvePageLang = ({
   app,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePagePath.ts b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePagePath.ts
index c40e366455..0edac439de 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePagePath.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePagePath.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import type { PageOptions } from '../types/index.js'
 
 /**
  * Resolve the final route path of a page
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const resolvePagePath = ({
   permalink,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePagePermalink.ts b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePagePermalink.ts
index 15a421dec1..4b62c069f7 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePagePermalink.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePagePermalink.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import type { App, PageFrontmatter } from '../types/index.js'
 
 /**
  * Resolve page permalink from frontmatter / options / pattern
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const resolvePagePermalink = ({
   app,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageRouteMeta.ts b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageRouteMeta.ts
index 76e5030a91..fa66e39d36 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageRouteMeta.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageRouteMeta.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import type { PageFrontmatter } from '../types/index.js'
 
 /**
  * Resolve page route meta
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const resolvePageRouteMeta = ({
   frontmatter,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageSlug.ts b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageSlug.ts
index a7329ffbaa..f9c3704571 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageSlug.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/page/resolvePageSlug.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ const DATE_RE = /(\d{4}-\d{1,2}(-\d{1,2})?)-(.*)/
 
 /**
  * Resolve page slug from filename
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const resolvePageSlug = ({
   filePathRelative,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/pluginApi/createHookQueue.ts b/packages/core/src/pluginApi/createHookQueue.ts
index 09331eee3e..9fb70cc9ad 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/pluginApi/createHookQueue.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/pluginApi/createHookQueue.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ const log = debug('vuepress:core/plugin-api')
 
 /**
  * Create hook queue for plugin system
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const createHookQueue = <T extends HooksName>(name: T): HookQueue<T> => {
   const items: HookItem<T>[] = []
diff --git a/packages/core/src/pluginApi/createPluginApi.ts b/packages/core/src/pluginApi/createPluginApi.ts
index 4f90cda435..18aa270ed7 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/pluginApi/createPluginApi.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/pluginApi/createPluginApi.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ import type { PluginApi } from '../types/index.js'
 import { createPluginApiHooks } from './createPluginApiHooks.js'
 import { createPluginApiRegisterHooks } from './createPluginApiRegisterHooks.js'
 
+/**
+ * Create vuepress plugin api
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
 export const createPluginApi = (): PluginApi => {
   const plugins: PluginApi['plugins'] = []
   const hooks = createPluginApiHooks()
diff --git a/packages/core/src/pluginApi/createPluginApiHooks.ts b/packages/core/src/pluginApi/createPluginApiHooks.ts
index 0cefc33067..d8369985bb 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/pluginApi/createPluginApiHooks.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/pluginApi/createPluginApiHooks.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 import type { PluginApi } from '../types/index.js'
 import { createHookQueue } from './createHookQueue.js'
 
+/**
+ * Create hooks for plugin api
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
 export const createPluginApiHooks = (): PluginApi['hooks'] => ({
   // life cycle hooks
   onInitialized: createHookQueue('onInitialized'),
diff --git a/packages/core/src/pluginApi/createPluginApiRegisterHooks.ts b/packages/core/src/pluginApi/createPluginApiRegisterHooks.ts
index 79ee344016..22c94c4a01 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/pluginApi/createPluginApiRegisterHooks.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/pluginApi/createPluginApiRegisterHooks.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ import type { PluginApi } from '../types/index.js'
 import { normalizeAliasDefineHook } from './normalizeAliasDefineHook.js'
 import { normalizeClientConfigFileHook } from './normalizeClientConfigFileHook.js'
 
+/**
+ * Create registerHooks method for plugin api
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
 export const createPluginApiRegisterHooks =
   (
     plugins: PluginApi['plugins'],
diff --git a/packages/core/src/pluginApi/normalizeAliasDefineHook.ts b/packages/core/src/pluginApi/normalizeAliasDefineHook.ts
index 6c3da1a21b..1b12ac361b 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/pluginApi/normalizeAliasDefineHook.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/pluginApi/normalizeAliasDefineHook.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import type { AliasDefineHook } from '../types/index.js'
 
 /**
  * Normalize alias and define hook
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const normalizeAliasDefineHook =
   (hook: AliasDefineHook['exposed']): AliasDefineHook['normalized'] =>
diff --git a/packages/core/src/pluginApi/normalizeClientConfigFileHook.ts b/packages/core/src/pluginApi/normalizeClientConfigFileHook.ts
index bba349702c..a6475852e4 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/pluginApi/normalizeClientConfigFileHook.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/pluginApi/normalizeClientConfigFileHook.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import type { ClientConfigFileHook } from '../types/index.js'
 
 /**
  * Normalize hook for client config file
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export const normalizeClientConfigFileHook =
   (hook: ClientConfigFileHook['exposed']): ClientConfigFileHook['normalized'] =>