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possible interview questions

General Questions:

  • What did you learn yesterday/this week?
  • What excites or interests you about coding?
  • What is a recent technical challenge you experienced and how did you solve it?
  • What UI, Security, Performance, SEO, Maintainability or Technology considerations do you make while building a web application or site?
  • Talk about your preferred development environment.
  • Which version control systems are you familiar with?
  • Can you describe your workflow when you create a web page?
  • If you have 5 different stylesheets, how would you best integrate them into the site?
  • Can you describe the difference between progressive enhancement and graceful degradation?
  • How would you optimize a website's assets/resources?
  • How many resources will a browser download from a given domain at a time?
    • What are the exceptions?
  • Name 3 ways to decrease page load (perceived or actual load time).
  • If you jumped on a project and they used tabs and you used spaces, what would you do?
  • Describe how you would create a simple slideshow page.
  • If you could master one technology this year, what would it be?
  • Explain the importance of standards and standards bodies.
  • What is Flash of Unstyled Content? How do you avoid FOUC?
  • Explain what ARIA and screenreaders are, and how to make a website accessible.
  • Explain some of the pros and cons for CSS animations versus JavaScript animations.
  • What does CORS stand for and what issue does it address?

HTML Questions:

  • What does a doctype do?
  • What's the difference between full standards mode, almost standards mode and quirks mode?
  • What's the difference between HTML and XHTML?
  • Are there any problems with serving pages as application/xhtml+xml?
  • How do you serve a page with content in multiple languages?
  • What kind of things must you be wary of when design or developing for multilingual sites?
  • What are data- attributes good for?
  • Consider HTML5 as an open web platform. What are the building blocks of HTML5?
  • Describe the difference between a cookie, sessionStorage and localStorage.
  • Describe the difference between <script>, <script async> and <script defer>.
  • Why is it generally a good idea to position CSS <link>s between <head></head> and JS <script>s just before </body>? Do you know any exceptions?
  • What is progressive rendering?
  • Have you used different HTML templating languages before?

CSS Questions:

  • What is the difference between classes and IDs in CSS?
  • What's the difference between "resetting" and "normalizing" CSS? Which would you choose, and why?
  • Describe Floats and how they work.
  • Describe z-index and how stacking context is formed.
  • Describe BFC(Block Formatting Context) and how it works.
  • What are the various clearing techniques and which is appropriate for what context?
  • Explain CSS sprites, and how you would implement them on a page or site.
  • What are your favourite image replacement techniques and which do you use when?
  • How would you approach fixing browser-specific styling issues?
  • How do you serve your pages for feature-constrained browsers?
    • What techniques/processes do you use?
  • What are the different ways to visually hide content (and make it available only for screen readers)?
  • Have you ever used a grid system, and if so, what do you prefer?
  • Have you used or implemented media queries or mobile specific layouts/CSS?
  • Are you familiar with styling SVG?
  • How do you optimize your webpages for print?
  • What are some of the "gotchas" for writing efficient CSS?
  • What are the advantages/disadvantages of using CSS preprocessors?
    • Describe what you like and dislike about the CSS preprocessors you have used.
  • How would you implement a web design comp that uses non-standard fonts?
  • Explain how a browser determines what elements match a CSS selector.
  • Describe pseudo-elements and discuss what they are used for.
  • Explain your understanding of the box model and how you would tell the browser in CSS to render your layout in different box models.
  • What does * { box-sizing: border-box; } do? What are its advantages?
  • List as many values for the display property that you can remember.
  • What's the difference between inline and inline-block?
  • What's the difference between a relative, fixed, absolute and statically positioned element?
  • The 'C' in CSS stands for Cascading. How is priority determined in assigning styles (a few examples)? How can you use this system to your advantage?
  • What existing CSS frameworks have you used locally, or in production? How would you change/improve them?
  • Have you played around with the new CSS Flexbox or Grid specs?
  • How is responsive design different from adaptive design?
  • Have you ever worked with retina graphics? If so, when and what techniques did you use?
  • Is there any reason you'd want to use translate() instead of absolute positioning, or vice-versa? And why?

JS Questions:

  • Explain event delegation
  • Explain how this works in JavaScript
  • Explain how prototypal inheritance works
  • What do you think of AMD vs CommonJS?
  • Explain why the following doesn't work as an IIFE: function foo(){ }();.
    • What needs to be changed to properly make it an IIFE?
  • What's the difference between a variable that is: null, undefined or undeclared?
    • How would you go about checking for any of these states?
  • What is a closure, and how/why would you use one?
  • What's a typical use case for anonymous functions?
  • How do you organize your code? (module pattern, classical inheritance?)
  • What's the difference between host objects and native objects?
  • Difference between: function Person(){}, var person = Person(), and var person = new Person()?
  • What's the difference between .call and .apply?
  • Explain Function.prototype.bind.
  • When would you use document.write()?
  • What's the difference between feature detection, feature inference, and using the UA string?
  • Explain Ajax in as much detail as possible.
  • What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Ajax?
  • Explain how JSONP works (and how it's not really Ajax).
  • Have you ever used JavaScript templating?
    • If so, what libraries have you used?
  • Explain "hoisting".
  • Describe event bubbling.
  • What's the difference between an "attribute" and a "property"?
  • Why is extending built-in JavaScript objects not a good idea?
  • Difference between document load event and document DOMContentLoaded event?
  • What is the difference between == and ===?
  • Explain the same-origin policy with regards to JavaScript.
  • Make this work: duplicate([1,2,3,4,5]); // [1,2,3,4,5,1,2,3,4,5]
  • Why is it called a Ternary expression, what does the word "Ternary" indicate?
  • What is "use strict";? what are the advantages and disadvantages to using it?
  • Create a for loop that iterates up to 100 while outputting "fizz" at multiples of 3, "buzz" at multiples of 5 and "fizzbuzz" at multiples of 3 and 5
  • Why is it, in general, a good idea to leave the global scope of a website as-is and never touch it?
  • Why would you use something like the load event? Does this event have disadvantages? Do you know any alternatives, and why would you use those?
  • Explain what a single page app is and how to make one SEO-friendly.
  • What is the extent of your experience with Promises and/or their polyfills?
  • What are the pros and cons of using Promises instead of callbacks?
  • What are some of the advantages/disadvantages of writing JavaScript code in a language that compiles to JavaScript?
  • What tools and techniques do you use debugging JavaScript code?
  • What language constructions do you use for iterating over object properties and array items?
  • Explain the difference between mutable and immutable objects.
    • What is an example of an immutable object in JavaScript?
    • What are the pros and cons of immutability?
    • How can you achieve immutability in your own code?
  • Explain the difference between synchronous and asynchronous functions.
  • What is event loop?
    • What is the difference between call stack and task queue?
  • Explain the differences on the usage of foo between function foo() {} and var foo = function() {}

Testing Questions:

  • What are some advantages/disadvantages to testing your code?
  • What tools would you use to test your code's functionality?
  • What is the difference between a unit test and a functional/integration test?
  • What is the purpose of a code style linting tool?

Performance Questions:

  • What tools would you use to find a performance bug in your code?
  • What are some ways you may improve your website's scrolling performance?
  • Explain the difference between layout, painting and compositing.

Network Questions:

  • Traditionally, why has it been better to serve site assets from multiple domains?
  • Do your best to describe the process from the time you type in a website's URL to it finishing loading on your screen.
  • What are the differences between Long-Polling, Websockets and Server-Sent Events?
  • Explain the following request and response headers:
    • Diff. between Expires, Date, Age and If-Modified-...
    • Do Not Track
    • Cache-Control
    • Transfer-Encoding
    • ETag
    • X-Frame-Options
  • What are HTTP methods? List all HTTP methods that you know, and explain them.

Coding Questions:

Question: What is the value of foo?

var foo = 10 + '20'

Question: How would you make this work?

add(2, 5) // 7
add(2)(5) // 7

Question: What value is returned from the following statement?

"i'm a lasagna hog".split("").reverse().join("")

Question: What is the value of window.foo?

(window.foo || (window.foo = 'bar'))

Question: What is the outcome of the two alerts below?

var foo = "Hello"
(function() {
  var bar = ' World'
  alert(foo + bar)
})()
alert(foo + bar)

Question: What is the value of foo.length?

var foo = []
foo.push(1)
foo.push(2)

Question: What is the value of foo.x?

var foo = {n: 1}
var bar = foo
foo.x = foo = {n : 2}

Question: What does the following code print?

console.log('one')
setTimeout(function() {
  console.log('two')
}, 0)
console.log('three')

Fun Questions:

  • What's a cool project that you've recently worked on?
  • What are some things you like about the developer tools you use?
  • Who inspires you in the front-end community?
  • Do you have any pet projects? What kind?
  • What's your favorite feature of Internet Explorer?
  • How do you like your coffee?