Preliminary, Aggregated, One-Line Questions List #19
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Dear @Mariven The following PR captures an aggregated list of preliminary questions as one line questions. There are questions that I have put more effort into, but these will be featured separately. If you have capacity for reviewing the questions in this file, I would greatly appreciate it. There will soon also be a PR for the tournament's "front matter" (see here), which refers to the scope and administration of the tournament; a review here as well would again greatly be appreciated, as your earlier comments to @keystrike caused me to moderately reconsider the structure of the tournaments prize release. |
AFg6K7h4fhy2
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| ## Ethical, Legal, & Societal Implications | ||
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| Will an international treaty [treaty required] regulating human genetic engineering be signed by 20XX? (note: conditional on legal genetic engineering) |
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For enhancement and/or treatment?
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qualifications: "Will an international treaty [concerning the regulation of human genetic engineering]^1 be signed by [at least two thirds of the UN Security Council]^2?"
- rules out incidental or negligible regulations
- ensures global acceptance (could also say, by this proportion ofG20 states; by states with at least this proportion of the world's population)
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| Will an international treaty [treaty required] regulating human genetic engineering be signed by 20XX? (note: conditional on legal genetic engineering) | ||
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| Will there cease to be a global moratorium on human germline genome editing by 20XX? |
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There is no international law about this now, so "global moratorium" should be clarified
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| Will over XX% of countries have laws in place that ban genetic modifications [scope of bans for current countries required] for non-health-related [better phrasing for "non-health-related" required] enhancements by 20XX? | ||
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| Will more than XX% of the world's population [OR consortium of countries OR specific country] oppose [definition of oppose required] the use of genetic editing for enhancement in public opinion polls [scope of polls required] by 20XX? |
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Could be hard to get global polling data
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| Will any country mandate [definition of mandate required] genetic screening for certain genetic diseases by 20XX? | ||
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| Will religious organizations [scope of religious organizations needed] formally oppose genetic engineering for human enhancement in more than 25 [specific number of countries or jurisdiction scope required] countries by 20XX? |
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What about religious organizations that are international?
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| What percentage of the global [OR country OR country consortium] population will support [definition of support required] the right to use genetic engineering for enhancement by 20XX? | ||
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| In what year will the first international legal case [more detail on international legal case required] be filed concerning genetic discrimination in employment [OR other area]? |
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| Will a country ban polygenic screening for non-medical traits [exact traits required] by 20XX? (note: explicit ban, any country, specific trait) | ||
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| Will a significant [definition of significant required] legal case concerning discrimination [definition of discrimination required] based on genetic information [OR genetic engineering?] reach an international court by 20XX? |
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qualification: "discrimination based on the results of, or refusal to participate in, genetic sequencing"
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| Will more than XX% of the world's population [OR consortium of countries OR specific country] oppose [definition of oppose required] the use of genetic editing for enhancement in public opinion polls [scope of polls required] by 20XX? | ||
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| Will any country legalize germline genome editing for enhancement by 20XX? |
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modification: "loosen or repeal previous laws restricting genome editing for the purposes of enhancement"
since it has to be illegal to be legalized
| Will any country mandate [definition of mandate required] genetic screening for certain genetic diseases by 20XX? | ||
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qualification: "restrict the activities of, or limit access to social services to, citizens who fail to undergo certain types of genetic screening"
| Will more than 30 countries [scope of countries required] introduce regulations [scope of regulations required] ensuring equal access [scope of equal access required] to genetic enhancement technologies by 20XX? | ||
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suggestion: "introduce programs to subsidize access to, or restrictions to limit the extent of, genetic enhancement technologies"
| Will human genome editing be used as a defense in a court of law in a high-profile case [defense in country and publicity of case definitions required] by 20XX? | ||
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unclear what this means. perhaps "Will a defendant's genomic data, or the fact of such data having been altered, be used..."?
| Will any country [some scope correction probably useful here] allow parents to choose the sexual orientation of their children via genetic screening or editing by 20XX? | ||
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specification: "explicitly permit, deregulate, or encourage genetic screening with the intent of affecting"
| What percentage of the global [OR country OR country consortium] population will support [definition of support required] the right to use genetic engineering for enhancement by 20XX? | ||
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specification: "support national legislation or international proclamations to protect genetic enhancement as a human right"
| By what year will more than 30 countries [scope of countries required] have established policies [scope of policies required] to protect against genetic inequality [definition of access required] in access to enhancements? | ||
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suggestion: "have established welfare programs and/or hard caps designed to equalize access to genetic enhancements"
| In what year will a global ethical consensus [scope and definition of consensus requirement] on the limits of genetic editing for non-medical enhancements be reached? | ||
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thought: "non-medical" is very likely to become a moving target in the future, as the scope of medical validity will be expanded to cover an increasingly broad range of traits (and medical+aesthetic pleiotropies will be selectively popularized);
probably this question should be made contingent on some firm line having been drawn between "medical" and "non-medical" enhancements, else it'll fail to clearly resolve
| By 20XX, will a court in a major jurisdiction [scope of jurisdiction required] rule that children born with genetic enhancements have the right to know the specifics of their genetic modifications? | ||
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thought: since the rights of children are legally questionable (and what would a child do with that data?), this should probably have to do with the legal guardians of a child, in cases such as unilateral editing by the mother, adoption, etc.
| Will artificial intelligence be used to automatically [definition of automatically required] design personalized gene therapies [scope of gene therapies required] for patients [patient and or newborns?] by 20XX? | ||
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thought: "Will artificial intelligence be used..." is far too vague; if matplotlib-tier machine learning techniques count, it's basically trivial. so, suggestion: "Will gene therapy services offer personalized treatments developed by foundation models and/or expert systems with minimal human input..."
| In what year will gene-editing therapies [scope of therapy and age-of-application required] for muscular dystrophy be available in over XX% of countries? | ||
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why do these questions about specific disorders all involve slightly different criteria? shouldn't they be standardized to provide a cross-section of the progress of gene engineering techniques in disorders of particular types?
| When will a gene therapy aimed [definition of "aimed" required, can be unintentional enhancement release] at enhancing cognitive functions, such as memory or learning speed, be approved for use in any country? | ||
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suggestion: "a gene therapy used by parents who commonly [?] identify enhancing cognitive function as a motive behind their choice"
| When will the first clinical trial using gene therapy to enhance sensory capabilities [scope of sensory capabilities required e.g., vision, hearing] in humans be initiated? | ||
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if above ordinary capability is meant, then perhaps qualify as: "enhance sensory capabilities beyond a 90th percentile human, or to add fundamentally new sensory capabilities" (e.g. code for artificial opsins)
but first clinical trials may add such capabilities as a stand-in for patients with missing capabilities, e.g. an artificial opsin for people with dichromacy
also may need to rule out trivialities like https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OR6A2 — "using gene therapy to make persisting alterations to sensory capabilities"?
AFg6K7h4fhy2
modified the milestones:
[October 14, October 25],
[November 11, November 22]
AFg6K7h4fhy2
modified the milestones:
[November 11, November 22],
[November 25, December 6]
…ated-one-line-questions-list
AFg6K7h4fhy2
modified the milestones:
[November 25, December 6],
[December 9, December 20]
…ated-one-line-questions-list
AFg6K7h4fhy2
modified the milestones:
[December 9, December 20],
[December 23, January 3]
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