inventory_utils

Description

Module that contains a lot of helpful Bolt tasks designed for use in dynamic inventory files.

Usage

inventory_utils::deep_merge

If you ever find yourself needing to merge some hashes in your inventory file, this is the task for you! Perfect for working with YAML / JSON files containing targets, config, data, etc.

version: 2
config:
  _plugin: task
  task: inventory_utils::merge
  parameters:
    hashes:
      - _plugin: yaml
        filepath: ../inventory-defaults.yaml
      - _plugin: yaml
        filepath: inventory-overrides.yaml

Deep mergeing

Deep merging (same as stdlib's deep_merge() function) can be accomplished by passing in the deep_merge: true parameter to the task. This recursively merges any nested hashes.

inventory_utils::erb_template

It is sometimes necessary to dynamically render things at various points in your inventory file. To help support this, we've created the inventory_utils::erb_template task. This task takes a template parameter which is a string containing an ERB template.

Below is an inventory file that uses an ERB template to query PuppetDB for nodes that haven't reported in, or haven't reported in within the last 3 hours (3*60*60).

version: 2
groups:
  - name: puppetdb_unreported
    targets:
      - _plugin: puppetdb
        query:
          _plugin: task
          task: inventory_utils::erb_template
          parameters:
            template: 'nodes[certname] { (report_timestamp is null) or (report_timestamp < "<%= (Time.now - (3*60*60)).iso8601 %>") }'

The task also accepts a variables hash to define variables that will be set when rendering the template. These variables are set as instance variables inside of a sandbox class when performing the rendering. You'll need to reference them with @name in your ERB template.

Below is an inventory file example that uses and ERB template to wuery for all Windows targets, based on an osfamily variable passed in as a parameter to the task:

version: 2
groups:
  - name: puppetdb_windows
    config:
      transport: winrm
    targets:
      - _plugin: puppetdb
        query:
          _plugin: task
          task: inventory_utils::erb_template
          parameters:
            template: 'inventory[certname] { facts.osfamily = "<%= @osfamily %>" }'
            variables:
              osfamily: windows

This allows for some cool things, for example we could have another plugin that populates the variables value and chain them together to then generate the PuppetDB query.

inventory_utils::erb_template - Creating hosts ranges

Sometimes it's necessary to generate a list of hosts based on a range of numbers. We can use ERB templating to help solve this problem. The ERB templates can be used to generate YAML data, then parse that YAML and return the structured results as the output of the plugin. To accomplish this, you can use the parse parameter setting it to parse: yaml to tell the ERB templating task to parse the rendered template as YAML (you can also use parse: json if you prefer to render JSON inside of ERB).

Below is an example inventory of generating a list of hosts of the pattern web[00-10].domain.tld:

version: 2
groups:
 - name: hosts_range
   targets:
     _plugin: task
     task: inventory_utils::erb_template
     parameters:
       parse: yaml
       template: |
         <% (0..10).each do |num| %>
         - web<%= '%02d' % num %>.domain.tld
         <% end %>

This results in the following hosts list in the inventory:

$ bolt inventory show --targets hosts_range
web00.domain.tld
web01.domain.tld
web02.domain.tld
web03.domain.tld
web04.domain.tld
web05.domain.tld
web06.domain.tld
web07.domain.tld
web08.domain.tld
web09.domain.tld
web10.domain.tld
11 targets

inventory_utils::group_by

This task takes a list of targets as input, potentially from another Bolt plugin, and organizes them into groups based on a key. The key is a lookup string used to find data in each target based on property names. To drill down into sub-objects within the target, example to access facts or vars, use a . to traverse into those components.

Example: Target Data:

- name: hostname1.domain.tld
  facts:
    mycoolfact: group_a
- name: hostname2.domain.tld
  facts:
    mycoolfact: group_b
- name: hostname3.domain.tld
  facts:
    mycoolfact: group_a

Key: facts.mycoolfact

This will separate those two targets by the value of the mycoolfact fact. For each unique value, a group will be created and a list of all hosts with the same value for the key will be appended.

Returned data:

- name: group_a
  targets:
    - name: hostname1.domain.tld
      facts:
        mycoolfact: group_a
    - name: hostname3.domain.tld
      facts:
        mycoolfact: group_a
- name: value_b
  targets:
    - name: hostname2.domain.tld
      facts:
        mycoolfact: group_b

Below is an inventory file that uses inventory_utils::group_by to query PuppetDB and create groups based on their wsus_target_group fact.

version: 2
groups:
  - name: puppetdb_wsus
    groups:
      - _plugin: task
        task: inventory_utils::group_by
        parameters:
          key: 'facts.wsus_target_group'
          group_name_prefix: puppetdb_wsus_
          targets:
            _plugin: puppetdb
            query: "inventory[certname, facts.wsus_target_group] { facts.osfamily = 'windows' and facts.wsus_target_group is not null}"
            target_mapping:
              name: certname
              facts:
                wsus_target_group: facts.wsus_target_group
              features:
                - facts.wsus_target_group

Setting configuration options on a group

Below is an inventory file that uses inventory_utils::group_by to query PuppetDB and create groups based on their domain fact. It then sets configuration options based on the group name. In this case we want a different username to use when logging into these Windows host based on the domain that the machine is in.

version: 2
groups:
  - name: puppetdb_ad
    groups:
      - _plugin: task
        task: inventory_utils::group_by
        parameters:
          key: 'facts.domain'
          group_configs:
            puppetdb_ad_ad1_domain_tld:
              config:
                winrm:
                  user: [email protected]
            puppetdb_ad_ad2_domain_tld:
              config:
                winrm:
                  user: [email protected]
          group_name_prefix: puppetdb_ad_
          targets:
            _plugin: puppetdb
            query: "inventory[certname, facts.domain] { facts.osfamily = 'windows' }"
            target_mapping:
              name: certname
              facts:
                domain: facts.domain
              features:
                - facts.ad_domain

Only the following keys can be specified in the group_configs hash:

• config
• facts
• features
• vars

inventory_utils::group_configs

In certain scenarios you maybe already have a list of groups returned from another Bolt inventory plugin. You may want to take those groups and assign config or vars, etc to those groups by name, this is exactly what inventory_utils::group_configs is meant for.

Below the some_group_returning_plugin is expeted to return a list of groups. Then, inventory_utils::group_configs matches those groups, by name, to the keys in the group_configs parameter. Finally, it merges the configs hash with the groups hash producing a group with configuration options set. on the final group.

version: 2
groups:
  - name: puppetdb_ad
    groups:
      - _plugin: task
        task: inventory_utils::group_configs
        parameters:
          group_configs:
            puppetdb_ad_ad1_domain_tld:
              config:
                winrm:
                  user: [email protected]
            puppetdb_ad_ad2_domain_tld:
              config:
                winrm:
                  user: [email protected]
          groups:
            _plugin: some_group_returning_plugin
            ...

To be consistent with the way that Bolt works, if a user specifies config options "deep" in the tree, those options are taken in favor of the "broad" options specified higher up in the tree.

Example:

version: 2
groups:
  - name: ad
    groups:
      - _plugin: task
        task: inventory_utils::group_configs
        parameters:
          group_configs:
            ad_ad1_domain_tld:
              config:
                winrm:
                  user: [email protected]
                  password: abc123
          groups:
            - name: ad_ad1_domain_tld
              config:
                winrm:
                  # this user option is preferred over the one set higher up in the group_configs parameter
                  user: my_specific_user
                

Only the following keys can be specified in the group_configs hash:

• config
• facts
• features
• vars

inventory_utils::pick_paths

There are times where you might not know where a file is going to exist, potentially to support cross-platform bolt configs, etc. In this case we can use the inventory_utils::pick_paths plugin task. You provide it a list of paths and it will try to resolve each path then return the name of the file of the first path that exists. If no paths exist, it will return null.

Example in bolt-project.yaml we may want to allow developers to put their PKCS7 keys in their home directory, meanwhile allowing a server to store the PKCS7 keys in /etc/puppetlabs like normal:

plugins:
  pkcs7:
    public_key:
      _plugin: task
      task: inventory_utils::pick_path
      parameters:
        paths:
          - ~/.puppetlabs/bolt/public_key.pkcs7.pem
          - /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/keys/public_key.pkcs7.pem
    private_key: 
      _plugin: task
      task: inventory_utils::pick_path
      parameters:
        paths:
          - ~/.puppetlabs/bolt/public_key.pkcs7.pem
          - /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/keys/private_key.pkcs7.pem

Example Inventory

This is an example inventory that we use internally (sanitized of course): It is provided as a reference to showcase lots of "cool" things you can do within the inventory file using the inventory_utils module:

---
version: 2

config:
  _plugin: task
  task: inventory_utils::merge
  parameters:
    deep_merge: true
    hashes:
      - _plugin: yaml
        filepath: ../inventory-config.yaml
      - winrm:
          user: [email protected]
          password:
            _plugin: pkcs7
            encrypted_value: >
              ENC[PKCS7,xxx]

vars:
  patching_monitoring_target: 'solarwinds'
  patching_snapshot_delete: true
  vsphere_host: vsphere.domain.tld
  vsphere_username: [email protected]
  vsphere_password:
    _plugin: pkcs7
    encrypted_value: >
      ENC[PKCS7,xxx]
  vsphere_datacenter: datacenter1
  vsphere_insecure: true

groups:
  - name: solarwinds
    config:
      transport: remote
      remote:
        port: 17778
        username: 'domain\svc_bolt_solarwinds'
        password:
          _plugin: pkcs7
          encrypted_value: >
            ENC[PKCS7,xxx]

    targets:
      - solarwinds.domain.tld

  - name: puppetdb_linux
    config:
      transport: ssh
    targets:
      - _plugin: puppetdb
        query: "inventory[certname] { facts.osfamily != 'windows' order by certname }"

  - name: puppetdb_windows
    config:
      transport: winrm
    vars:
      patching_reboot_strategy: 'always'
    groups:
      - _plugin: task
        task: inventory_utils::group_by
        parameters:
          key: 'facts.domain'
          group_name_prefix: puppetdb_windows_
          group_configs:
            # servers in otherdomain.tld use a different account to login
            # to faciliate this we group by domain name and assign all hosts
            # with otherdomain.tld a different account to login
            puppetdb_windows_otherdomain_tld:
              config:
                winrm:
                  user: [email protected]
                  password:
                    _plugin: pkcs7
                    encrypted_value: >
                      ENC[PKCS7,xxx]
          targets:
            _plugin: puppetdb
            query: "inventory[certname, facts.domain] { facts.osfamily = 'windows' order by certname }"
            target_mapping:
              name: certname
              uri: certname
              facts:
                domain: facts.domain

  - name: puppetdb_patching_linux
    config:
      transport: ssh
    groups:
      - _plugin: task
        task: inventory_utils::group_by
        parameters:
          key: 'facts.patching_group'
          group_name_prefix: puppetdb_patching_
          targets:
            _plugin: puppetdb
            query: "inventory[certname, facts.patching_group] { facts.osfamily != 'windows' order by certname }"
            target_mapping:
              name: certname
              uri: certname
              facts:
                patching_group: facts.patching_group

  - name: puppetdb_patching_windows
    config:
      transport: winrm
    vars:
      patching_reboot_strategy: 'always'
    groups:
      - _plugin: task
        task: inventory_utils::group_by
        parameters:
          key: 'facts.patching_group'
          group_name_prefix: puppetdb_patching_windows_
          group_configs:
            # the special 'no_snapshot_a' and 'no_snapshot_b' groups are exactly the same
            # except we don't want to do VMware snapshots on them because they are
            # for example in Hyper-V or Google Cloud
            puppetdb_patching_windows_no_snapshot_a:
              vars:
                patching_snapshot_plan: 'disabled'
                patching_snapshot_create: false
                patching_snapshot_delete: false
            puppetdb_patching_windows_no_snapshot_b:
              vars:
                patching_snapshot_plan: 'disabled'
                patching_snapshot_create: false
                patching_snapshot_delete: false
          targets:
            _plugin: puppetdb
            query: "inventory[certname, facts.patching_group] { facts.osfamily = 'windows' order by certname }"
            target_mapping:
              name: certname
              uri: certname
              facts:
                patching_group: facts.patching_group


  - name: puppetdb_unreported
    groups:
      - name: puppetdb_unreported_linux
        config:
          transport: ssh
        targets:
          - _plugin: puppetdb
            query:
              _plugin: task
              task: inventory_utils::erb_template
              parameters:
                template: 'nodes[certname] { facts { name = "osfamily" and value != "windows" } and ((report_timestamp is null) or (report_timestamp < "<%= (Time.now - (3*60*60)).iso8601 %>")) order by certname }'
    
      - name: puppetdb_unreported_windows
        config:
          transport: winrm
        vars:
          patching_reboot_strategy: 'always'
        targets:
          - _plugin: puppetdb
            query:
              _plugin: task
              task: inventory_utils::erb_template
              parameters:
                template: 'nodes[certname] { facts { name = "osfamily" and value = "windows" } and ((report_timestamp is null) or (report_timestamp < "<%= (Time.now - (3*60*60)).iso8601 %>")) order by certname }'


  - name: puppetdb_failed
    groups:
      - name: puppetdb_failed_linux
        config:
          transport: winrm
        vars:
          patching_reboot_strategy: 'always'
        targets:
          - _plugin: puppetdb
            query: 'nodes[certname] { facts { name = "osfamily" and value != "windows" } and latest_report_status = "failed" order by certname }'
            target_mapping:
              name: certname
              uri: certname
    
      - name: puppetdb_failed_windows
        config:
          transport: winrm
        vars:
          patching_reboot_strategy: 'always'
        targets:
          - _plugin: puppetdb
            query: 'nodes[certname] { facts { name = "osfamily" and value = "windows" } and latest_report_status = "failed" order by certname }'
            target_mapping:
              name: certname
              uri: certname

  - name: wsus
    config:
      transport: winrm
    vars:
      patching_reboot_strategy: 'always'
    groups:
      - _plugin: task
        task: inventory_utils::group_configs
        parameters:
          group_configs:
            # don't snapshot Hyper-V hosts
            wsus_servers_hv:
              vars:
                patching_reboot_strategy: 'always'
                patching_snapshot_plan: 'disabled'
                patching_snapshot_create: false
                patching_snapshot_delete: false
          groups:
            _plugin: wsus_inventory
            host: 'wsussql.domain.tld'
            database: 'SUSDB'
            username: domain\svc_bolt_wsussql'
            password:
              _plugin: pkcs7
              encrypted_value: >
                ENC[PKCS7,xxx]
            format: 'groups'
            filter_older_than_days: 1
            group_name_prefix: 'wsus_'