Eleguard

This project is done as a part of final year project towards bachelors of electronics at calicut university by :-
BINDHU JOY
CHRISTEENA PAUL
JINI K P
SHINTU SURESH
GEOMON JOSHY

AIM

The motive of this project is to build an echo friendly , economical device to minimise interactions between wild elephants and human cultivations without causing any physical or any other modes of losts to both parties.

ABSTRACT

These days, Unhealthy interactions between elephants and human cultivations are really common. Allthough there are measures taken to prevent this they are not very effective. Hence we have build a device to do this.
Based on some information that we collected and what is on intrenet we understood few things:-

• Herds of elephants enter crops because it is on their ancient paths to water holes.
• Bull elephants in their musk period wander around searching for a mate .(Occurs only during a certain period of time)
• Elephants wander in search of food. (Even though this seems to be the obvious reason in reality it is the most unlikely). only way to prevent this is aforestation

By putting the obvious factors into consideration we was able to design a device (Using simple ultra_sonic sensores and Arduino) to detect the precesence of elephants (Herds and bulls separately). Using this information we trigger a 3-d speaker which produces sounds of watering hole (for herds of elephants) and female matting calls (For bull elephans).THe speakers are set in such a way that the sound seems to appearing from deep inside the forest and the elephants are tricked to be returning to the forest following the imaginary voices from the speakers.

WORKING

Hardware

• ARDUINO UNO r3
• ULTRASONIC SENSOR
• MICROSD ADAPTER

ARDUINO UNO r3
Arduino Uno Rev3 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P . It has 14 digital input/output pins , 6 analog inputs, It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a28 AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.. You can tinker with your Uno without worrying too much about doing something wrong, worst case scenario you can replace

ULTRASONIC SENSOR
This ultrasonic sensor module can be used for measuring distance, object sensor, motion sensors etc. High-sensitive modules can be used with33 microcontrollers to integrate with motion circuits to make robotic projects and other distance, position & motion sensitive products. The module sends eight 40Khz square wave pulses and automatically detects whether it receives the returning signal. If there is a signal returning, a high level pulse is sent on the echo pin. The length of this pulse is the time it took the signal from first triggering to the return echo.

MICROSD ADAPTER
Micro SD Card Reader Module also called Micro SD Adaptor is designed for dual I/O voltages. This Module is a simple solution for transferring data to and from a standard SD card. The pinout is directly compatible with Arduino, but can also be used with other microcontrollers. This module has SPI interface which is compatible with any sd card and it uses 5V or 3.3V power35 supply which is compatible with Arduino UNO/Mega.SD module has various applications such as data logger, audio, video, graphics.

Coding part

DATA SETTING

for(i=3;i<7;i++)
{
digitalWrite(2, LOW);
//triggerpin pulse
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(2, LOW);
r[i] = pulseIn(i, HIGH);
}

This part of the code is were the live data from the sensors is entered into a array r[i]. The circuit is designed in such a way that the output. pin 2 of arduino is connected to Triggpin of all the sensors. There will be a delay in the range of microseconds between the data intake of each sensors, But this will not be an issue while compared to the speed of elephants.\

q=digitalRead(A0);
while(q==HIGH) //setting switch
{
a=r[3];
//setting distance
b=r[4];
c=r[5];
d=r[6];
e=1;
digitalWrite(A5,HIGH); //set led
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(A5,LOW);
}

This is the part of the circuit were the values from the 4 sensors is added to 4 variables a b c d while a variable q is HIGH. The value of q is digitalRead(A0) (That is q is the digitalvalue of the voltage in data set switch). The circuit is build in such a way that that the sensor data is entered in to permenent variables when a switch is pressed.

EXplanation

A set of 4 four ultrosonic sensors is placed on the vertices of a square like frame. The frame is set between the cross-roads between the forest and village such that sensor is pointed perpendicular to the path between forest and human settlement.

The frame of the sensor set is as per the i,age shown below:-

The circuit is designed in shuch a way that while a switch (data set switch) onthe PCB is pressed the sensors read the distance between sensors and the next closest object(tress across the path) is entered into 4 different variables a b c d . The sensors continusly monitors this pathway and compares with a b c d if there is any changes in the distance measured a certain logics occur. The logic behind this is such that if two sensor on the same side of the plane (Sensor 1 and 2) will only show variation at the same time if a tall object changes place . which can either be an elephant moving through or a tree falling. On further addition of code we are negleting the chance of tree falling . This done by doing the following :- if a sensor (sensor 1) shows variation a reaction is only made if and only if

1. If the sensor pair (sensor - 2) shows variation
2. if the sensor pair (sensor -2) shows a distance that is in the proximity of the first sensor(sensor -1)
A tree falling down will fail this condition. Hence if two sensors showing variation with above condition will only be a elephant moving through. If both the sensor pairs satisfies the above condition it means that more than one elphant is moving through. A few lines of code is to make sure that small changes like leaf falling down are neglected. This detection can be made further accurate by adding one more sensor frame such that an entire frame is dedicated to finding the prescance of an elephant. An infrasound sound sensor can also be added to guaranty that it is an elephant.
On processing this data a pair of speakers gives out 3-D sounds as if the sounds are from deep inside the forest. A female matting call is played if only one elephant is present and a voice of watering call is played if there is a heard of elephants. The elephants on hearing these voices,thinks they are from deep forest and will be tricked to returning to the forest. Meanwhile the authoraties will be updated on the information and message are sent to the village to be vigillant.


In summary we have created a device that will detect the prescance of elephants using ultrasonic sensors and tricks them to return to the forest using the power of 3-d sound. This method is not only more effective and ecnomical but also not at all harmfull to any.