Add SQLite Catalog support (apache#178)

Co-authored-by: Brian "bits" Olsen <[email protected]>

mkdocs/docs/configuration.md

@@ -140,8 +140,9 @@ catalog:
 
 ## SQL Catalog
 
-The SQL catalog requires a database for its backend. As of now, pyiceberg only supports PostgreSQL through psycopg2.
-The database connection has to be configured using the `uri` property (see SQLAlchemy's [documentation for URL format](https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/20/core/engines.html#backend-specific-urls)):
+The SQL catalog requires a database for its backend. PyIceberg supports PostgreSQL and SQLite through psycopg2. The database connection has to be configured using the `uri` property. See SQLAlchemy's [documentation for URL format](https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/20/core/engines.html#backend-specific-urls):
+
+For PostgreSQL:
 
 ```yaml
 catalog:
@@ -150,6 +151,22 @@ catalog:
     uri: postgresql+psycopg2://username:password@localhost/mydatabase
 ```
 
+In the case of SQLite:
+
+<!-- prettier-ignore-start -->
+
+!!! warning inline end "Development only"
+    SQLite is not built for concurrency, you should use this catalog for exploratory or development purposes.
+
+<!-- prettier-ignore-end -->
+
+```yaml
+catalog:
+  default:
+    type: sql
+    uri: sqlite:////tmp/pyiceberg.db
+```
+
 ## Hive Catalog
 
 ```yaml

pyiceberg/catalog/__init__.py

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ def infer_catalog_type(name: str, catalog_properties: RecursiveDict) -> Optional
                 return CatalogType.REST
             elif uri.startswith("thrift"):
                 return CatalogType.HIVE
-            elif uri.startswith("postgresql"):
+            elif uri.startswith(("sqlite", "postgresql")):
                 return CatalogType.SQL
             else:
                 raise ValueError(f"Could not infer the catalog type from the uri: {uri}")

pyproject.toml

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ sqlalchemy = { version = "^2.0.18", optional = true }
 [tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
 pytest = "7.4.3"
 pytest-checkdocs = "2.10.1"
+pytest-lazy-fixture = "0.6.3"
 pre-commit = "3.5.0"
 fastavro = "1.9.1"
 coverage = { version = "^7.3.2", extras = ["toml"] }