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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion cour_note/D2CX_AdvancedDataStructure/Lec15/index.html
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Expand Up @@ -1731,7 +1731,7 @@ <h3 id="并行优化">并行优化<a class="headerlink" href="#并行优化" tit
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114 changes: 106 additions & 8 deletions cour_note/D3QD_OperatingSystem/Unit6/index.html
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</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#文件系统">
文件系统
</a>
<nav aria-label="文件系统" class="md-nav">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#文件系统挂载">
文件系统挂载
</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#文件系统结构">
文件系统结构
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#文件系统分层设计">
文件系统分层设计
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#fcb">
FCB
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</nav>
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<a class="md-nav__link" href="#文件系统">
文件系统
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#文件系统挂载">
文件系统挂载
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#文件系统结构">
文件系统结构
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文件系统分层设计
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FCB
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<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<h1 id="unit-6-文件系统--file-system-未完成">Unit 6: 文件系统 | File System [未完成]<a class="headerlink" href="#unit-6-文件系统--file-system-未完成" title="Permanent link"></a></h1>
<div style="margin-top: -30px; font-size: 0.75em; opacity: 0.7;">
<p><span class="twemoji"><svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 2A10 10 0 0 0 2 12a10 10 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 0 0 0 10-10h-2a8 8 0 0 1-8 8 8 8 0 0 1-8-8 8 8 0 0 1 8-8V2m6.78 1a.69.69 0 0 0-.48.2l-1.22 1.21 2.5 2.5L20.8 5.7c.26-.26.26-.7 0-.95L19.25 3.2c-.13-.13-.3-.2-.47-.2m-2.41 2.12L9 12.5V15h2.5l7.37-7.38-2.5-2.5Z"></path></svg></span> 约 2914 个字 <span class="twemoji"><svg viewbox="0 0 640 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M392.8 1.2c-17-4.9-34.7 5-39.6 22l-128 448c-4.9 17 5 34.7 22 39.6s34.7-5 39.6-22l128-448c4.9-17-5-34.7-22-39.6zm80.6 120.1c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l89.3 89.4-89.4 89.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l112-112c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-112-112c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0zm-306.7 0c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l112 112c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L77.3 256l89.4-89.4c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3z"></path></svg></span> 12 行代码 <span class="twemoji"><svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 20c4.42 0 8-3.58 8-8s-3.58-8-8-8-8 3.58-8 8 3.58 8 8 8m0-18c5.5 0 10 4.5 10 10s-4.5 10-10 10C6.47 22 2 17.5 2 12S6.5 2 12 2m.5 11H11V7h1.5v4.26l3.7-2.13.75 1.3L12.5 13Z"></path></svg></span> 预计阅读时间 15 分钟</p>
<p><span class="twemoji"><svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 2A10 10 0 0 0 2 12a10 10 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 0 0 0 10-10h-2a8 8 0 0 1-8 8 8 8 0 0 1-8-8 8 8 0 0 1 8-8V2m6.78 1a.69.69 0 0 0-.48.2l-1.22 1.21 2.5 2.5L20.8 5.7c.26-.26.26-.7 0-.95L19.25 3.2c-.13-.13-.3-.2-.47-.2m-2.41 2.12L9 12.5V15h2.5l7.37-7.38-2.5-2.5Z"></path></svg></span> 约 3380 个字 <span class="twemoji"><svg viewbox="0 0 640 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M392.8 1.2c-17-4.9-34.7 5-39.6 22l-128 448c-4.9 17 5 34.7 22 39.6s34.7-5 39.6-22l128-448c4.9-17-5-34.7-22-39.6zm80.6 120.1c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l89.3 89.4-89.4 89.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l112-112c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-112-112c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0zm-306.7 0c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l112 112c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L77.3 256l89.4-89.4c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3z"></path></svg></span> 18 行代码 <span class="twemoji"><svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 20c4.42 0 8-3.58 8-8s-3.58-8-8-8-8 3.58-8 8 3.58 8 8 8m0-18c5.5 0 10 4.5 10 10s-4.5 10-10 10C6.47 22 2 17.5 2 12S6.5 2 12 2m.5 11H11V7h1.5v4.26l3.7-2.13.75 1.3L12.5 13Z"></path></svg></span> 预计阅读时间 17 分钟</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition info">
<p class="admonition-title">导读</p>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1447,13 +1475,80 @@ <h3 id="通用图目录">通用图目录<a class="headerlink" href="#通用图
<p><center> <a class="glightbox" data-desc-position="bottom" data-height="auto" data-width="100%" href="../img/56.png"><img alt="" src="../img/56.png" width="80%"/></a> </center>
General graph directory.</p>
</figure>
<h2 id="文件系统挂载">文件系统挂载<a class="headerlink" href="#文件系统挂载" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<h2 id="文件系统">文件系统<a class="headerlink" href="#文件系统" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p><strong>文件系统(file system, FS)</strong>在二级存储上,它为操作系统提供快速、便捷的,对硬盘数据的操作。文件系统是操作系统中,以文件的方式管理计算机软件资源的软件,以及被管理的文件和数据结构的集合。</p>
<details class="section">
<summary>common file system types</summary>
<ul>
<li>FAT</li>
<li>FAT32, exFAT</li>
<li>NTFS</li>
<li>ReFS</li>
<li>S51K/S52K</li>
<li>ext</li>
<li>ext2, ext3, ext4(Linux, Android)</li>
<li>proc, sysfs</li>
<li>yaffs</li>
<li>ReiserFS</li>
<li>HPFS</li>
<li>UFS</li>
<li>HFS+(MacOS, iOS | old)</li>
<li>iso9660(CD)</li>
<li>NFS(network FS)</li>
<li>VFS(virtual FS)</li>
<li>ZFS(Open Solaris)</li>
<li>LTFS</li>
<li>APFS(MacOS, iOS | new)</li>
<li>...</li>
</ul>
</details>
<h3 id="文件系统挂载">文件系统挂载<a class="headerlink" href="#文件系统挂载" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>文件系统<strong>挂载(mount)</strong>是指将一个文件系统的根目录挂载到另一个文件系统的某个目录(被称为 mount point),使得这个目录下的文件可以访问到被挂载的文件系统中的文件。只有被挂载了,一个文件系统才能被访问。</p>
<figure>
<p><center> <a class="glightbox" data-desc-position="bottom" data-height="auto" data-width="100%" href="../img/57.png"><img alt="" src="../img/57.png" width="80%"/></a> </center>
Volume mounted at /users.</p>
</figure>
<h2 id="文件系统结构">文件系统结构<a class="headerlink" href="#文件系统结构" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<h3 id="文件系统分层设计">文件系统分层设计<a class="headerlink" href="#文件系统分层设计" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>文件系统被分为若干层,向下与 device 交互,向上接受 application programs 的请求,如下是各个分层的设计:</p>
<pre class="mermaid"><code>graph LR;
A["application programs"] --&gt; B["logical file system"];
B --&gt; C["file-organization module"];
C --&gt; D["basic file system"];
D --&gt; E["I/O control"];
E --&gt; F["devices"];</code></pre>
<ol>
<li>I/O control<ul>
<li>向下控制 I/O devices,向上为文件系统提供 I/O 功能;</li>
<li>包含 device drivers 和 interrupt handlers,是与具体 device 交互的接口层;<sup id="fnref2:4"><a class="footnote-ref" href="#fn:4">4</a></sup></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Basic file system<ul>
<li>向下一层发射“抽象”(与设备型号无关)的操作指令(由下一层转化为设备直接支持的指令);</li>
<li><a href="../Unit5/#调度" target="_blank">I/O 调度</a>有关;</li>
<li>管理内存缓冲区(memory buffer)和缓存(caches);<ul>
<li>Buffer 的作用可以参考 <a href="../../D2CX_AdvancedDataStructure/Lec15/" target="_blank">ADS 中的外排序</a>中的相关内容来理解;</li>
<li>Caches 用来存储一些会被频繁用到的文件系统元数据,以提高文件系统性能;</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>File-organization module<ul>
<li>以 basic file system 提供的功能为基础;</li>
<li>能够实现 file 的 logical block 到 physical block 的映射;<sup id="fnref:4"><a class="footnote-ref" href="#fn:4">4</a></sup> </li>
<li>同时,file-organization module 也囊括了 free-space manager;<ul>
<li>Free-space manager 维护那些没有被分配的 blocks,并在 file-organization module 请求的时候提供这些 blocks; </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Logical file system<ul>
<li><a href="#fcb" target="_blank">文件控制块</a>的形式存储文件系统的元数据,即一些结构信息,不包括实际的文件内容信息;</li>
<li>具体来说,logical file system 会维护 directory 的信息,为之后的 file-organization module 提供一些信息,例如符号文件名;</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="fcb">FCB<a class="headerlink" href="#fcb" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p><strong>文件控制块(file control block, FCB)</strong></p>
<div class="footnote">
<hr/>
<ol>
Expand All @@ -1466,14 +1561,17 @@ <h2 id="文件系统结构">文件系统结构<a class="headerlink" href="#文
<li id="fn:3">
<p><a href="https://linuxcommand.org/lc3_lts0030.php" target="_blank">File Permissions</a> <a class="footnote-backref" href="#fnref:3" title="Jump back to footnote 3 in the text"></a></p>
</li>
<li id="fn:4">
<p><a href="https://ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in/csp3/chapter/implementation-of-file-systems/" target="_blank"> Implementation of File Systems</a> <a class="footnote-backref" href="#fnref:4" title="Jump back to footnote 4 in the text"></a><a class="footnote-backref" href="#fnref2:4" title="Jump back to footnote 4 in the text"></a></p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
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<span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-datetime">2023年12月23日 21:55:29</span>
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