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.../20240117 How to achieve -dnf swap--equivalent functionality with rpm-ostree.md
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| [#]: subject: "How to achieve “dnf swap”-equivalent functionality with rpm-ostree" | ||
| [#]: via: "https://fedoramagazine.org/how-to-achieve-dnf-swap-equivalent-functionality-with-rpm-ostree/" | ||
| [#]: author: "Mateus Rodrigues Costa https://fedoramagazine.org/author/mateusrodcosta/" | ||
| [#]: collector: "lujun9972/lctt-scripts-1700446145" | ||
| [#]: translator: " " | ||
| [#]: reviewer: " " | ||
| [#]: publisher: " " | ||
| [#]: url: " " | ||
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| How to achieve “dnf swap”-equivalent functionality with rpm-ostree | ||
| ====== | ||
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| ![][1] | ||
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| Photo by [Visax][2] on [Unsplash][3] | ||
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| If you are running one of the standard variants of Fedora Linux, such as Fedora Workstation or one of the other non-ostree variants, you might have used the _dnf swap_ command at some point to replace one package with another one. This article will describe a technique for performing a similar operation on an [ostree][4] installation using the rpm-ostree command. | ||
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| The _dnf swap_ command prevents conflicts when two packages contain files with the same name and filesystem path. It is necessary when other system packages depend on a package that you want to replace (“swap out”) with an alternative version, but completely uninstalling the dependent packages and then reinstalling everything with the alternative isn’t practical. | ||
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| However, that doesn’t work very well with Fedora Silverblue and the ostree variants. They do not have a _rpm-ostree swap_ command. Luckly, there is a way to achieve similar functionality. We just need to uninstall the old package and install the new package in the same transaction! | ||
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| ### Use rpm-ostree to replace packages in the base image | ||
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| The most common scenario, especially when not overlaying many packages or none at all, is to replace packages in the base image. | ||
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| A good example of this is replacing nano-default-editor, which was [made the default in Fedora Linux 33][5], with vim-default-editor. Some users would prefer using vim, but _dnf swap nano-default-editor vim-default-editor_ won’t work on ostree-based systems. | ||
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| If using _dnf_ , when trying to install _vim-default-editor_ , you will most likely hit dependency conflicts and the transaction will fail. The output below is what you would get and it effectively means that both _nano-default-editor_ and _vim-default-editor_ provide _system-default-editor_ , but only one provider of _system-default-editor_ can be installed at once. (vim-default-editor _or_ nano-default-editor can be installed, but both cannot be installed at the same time.) | ||
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| ``` | ||
| $ sudo dnf install vim-default-editor | ||
| ... | ||
| Error: | ||
| Problem: problem with installed package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch | ||
| - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.1927-1.fc39.noarch from fedora | ||
| - package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.1927-1.fc39.noarch from fedora conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System | ||
| - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from fedora conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.1927-1.fc39.noarch from fedora | ||
| - package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.1927-1.fc39.noarch from fedora conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from fedora | ||
| - conflicting requests | ||
| - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates | ||
| - package vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System | ||
| - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from fedora conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates | ||
| - package vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from fedora | ||
| (try to add '--allowerasing' to command line to replace conflicting packages or '--skip-broken' to skip uninstallable packages) | ||
| ``` | ||
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| If you attempt the same on rpm-ostree, a similar error message appears, effectively having the same meaning. | ||
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| ``` | ||
| $ rpm-ostree install vim-default-editor | ||
| ... | ||
| Resolving dependencies... done | ||
| error: Could not depsolve transaction; 1 problem detected: | ||
| Problem: conflicting requests | ||
| - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates | ||
| - package vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System | ||
| - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.1927-1.fc39.noarch from fedora | ||
| - package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.1927-1.fc39.noarch from fedora conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System | ||
| - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2048-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive | ||
| - package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2048-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System | ||
| - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2081-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive | ||
| - package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2081-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System | ||
| - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2105-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive | ||
| - package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2105-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System | ||
| - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2120-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive | ||
| - package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2120-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System | ||
| - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2153-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive | ||
| - package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2153-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System | ||
| - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2167-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive | ||
| - package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2167-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System | ||
| - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive | ||
| - package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System | ||
| - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive | ||
| - package vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System | ||
| ``` | ||
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| So, for this to work, we have to look into removing _nano-default-editor_ first. In this scenario we have to look into _rpm-ostree override remove_ , which allows us to remove packages from the base image. But, if we simply try to remove _nano-default-editor_ , it will fail saying _default-editor_ needs a package that provides _system-default-editor_. In other words, if we want to remove nano-default-editor we need to install vim-default-editor or another package that provides _system-default-editor_. Another possibility is removing _default-editor_ completely and losing this functionality: | ||
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| ``` | ||
| $ rpm-ostree override remove nano-default-editor | ||
| ... | ||
| Resolving dependencies... done | ||
| error: Could not depsolve transaction; 1 problem detected: | ||
| Problem: package default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System requires system-default-editor, but none of the providers can be installed | ||
| - conflicting requests | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Thankfully, the _rpm-ostree override remove_ command accepts an extra _‐‐install_ argument which allows us to also install a package along with the removal! So, if we add vim-default-editor as well, we get: | ||
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| ``` | ||
| $ rpm-ostree override remove nano-default-editor --install vim-default-editor | ||
| <snip> | ||
| Resolving dependencies... done | ||
| Will download: 6 packages (10,0 MB) | ||
| Downloading from 'fedora'... done | ||
| Downloading from 'updates'... done | ||
| Importing packages... done | ||
| Applying 1 override and 6 overlays | ||
| Processing packages... done | ||
| Running pre scripts... done | ||
| Running post scripts... done | ||
| Running posttrans scripts... done | ||
| Writing rpmdb... done | ||
| Writing OSTree commit... done | ||
| Staging deployment... done | ||
| Freed: 213,9 MB (pkgcache branches: 0) | ||
| Removed: | ||
| nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch | ||
| Added: | ||
| gpm-libs-1.20.7-44.fc39.x86_64 | ||
| vim-common-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.x86_64 | ||
| vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.noarch | ||
| vim-enhanced-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.x86_64 | ||
| vim-filesystem-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.noarch | ||
| xxd-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.x86_64 | ||
| Use "rpm-ostree override reset" to undo overrides | ||
| Run "systemctl reboot" to start a reboot | ||
| ``` | ||
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| And now, after a reboot, vim-default-editor should be installed and vim should be the default editor. You can confirm the results with _rpm-ostree status_ : | ||
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| ``` | ||
| $ rpm-ostree status | ||
| State: idle | ||
| Deployments: | ||
| ● fedora:fedora/39/x86_64/silverblue | ||
| Version: 39.20240106.0 (2024-01-06T01:35:56Z) | ||
| BaseCommit: 2d052ca5e08b07406612e68cbb4ec67e86d733dba5e458234ad65bc5a4ad5b51 | ||
| GPGSignature: Valid signature by E8F23996F23218640CB44CBE75CF5AC418B8E74C | ||
| RemovedBasePackages: nano-default-editor 7.2-4.fc39 | ||
| LayeredPackages: vim-default-editor | ||
| ``` | ||
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| The command to undo such transaction would be _rpm-ostree override reset nano-default-editor ‐‐uninstall vim-default-editor_. | ||
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| ### Replacing overlaid packages | ||
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| When replacing overlaid packages the process is considerably simpler. There are three commands to consider: _rpm-ostree install_ , _rpm-ostree uninstall_ and _rpm-ostree upgrade_. | ||
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| _rpm-ostree install_ receives a list of packages to be installed, but also supports a _‐‐uninstall_ parameter to remove packages in the same transaction. _rpm-ostree uninstall_ receives a list of packages to be uninstalled, but also supports a _‐‐install_ parameter to install packages in the same transaction. | ||
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| _rpm-ostree upgrade_ upgrades the system, but also supports the _‐‐install_ and _‐‐uninstall_ parameters to install or uninstall packages in the same transaction. | ||
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| Ultimately, for overlaid packages, it’s mostly a choice of whether to also update the system and then choosing the most convenient command. | ||
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| ### Conclusion | ||
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| While, due to the nature of _rpm-ostree_ , it may not seem that _dnf swap_ -like functionality is achievable, a closer look at its commands shows similar flexibility, even if in different clothing. | ||
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| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
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| via: https://fedoramagazine.org/how-to-achieve-dnf-swap-equivalent-functionality-with-rpm-ostree/ | ||
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| 作者：[Mateus Rodrigues Costa][a] | ||
| 选题：[lujun9972][b] | ||
| 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) | ||
| 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) | ||
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| 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 | ||
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| [a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/mateusrodcosta/ | ||
| [b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 | ||
| [1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/dnf_swap_equivalent-816x345.jpg | ||
| [2]: https://unsplash.com/@visaxslr?utm_content=creditCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=unsplash | ||
| [3]: https://unsplash.com/photos/a-silhouette-of-trees-and-a-cloudy-sky-yYw1JK-d8JA?utm_content=creditCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=unsplash | ||
| [4]: https://ostreedev.github.io/ostree/ | ||
| [5]: https://fedoramagazine.org/whats-new-fedora-33-workstation/#:~:text=swap%2Don%2Dzram.-,Nano%20by%20default,-Fresh%20Fedora%2033 |