[Feature] Support write vector index

[dujijun007]

Why I'm doing:

What I'm doing:

Fixes #46678

What type of PR is this:

• BugFix
• Feature
• Enhancement
• Refactor
• UT
• Doc
• Tool

Does this PR entail a change in behavior?

• Yes, this PR will result in a change in behavior.
• No, this PR will not result in a change in behavior.

If yes, please specify the type of change:

• Interface/UI changes: syntax, type conversion, expression evaluation, display information
• Parameter changes: default values, similar parameters but with different default values
• Policy changes: use new policy to replace old one, functionality automatically enabled
• Feature removed
• Miscellaneous: upgrade & downgrade compatibility, etc.

Checklist:

• I have added test cases for my bug fix or my new feature
• This pr needs user documentation (for new or modified features or behaviors)
  • I have added documentation for my new feature or new function
• This is a backport pr

Bugfix cherry-pick branch check:

• I have checked the version labels which the pr will be auto-backported to the target branch
  • 3.3
  • 3.2
  • 3.1
  • 3.0
  • 2.5

[dujijun007]

Split pr #48398 into two prs, the preview pr #49220 has been merged.

[sonarcloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarCloud

[github-actions]

[FE Incremental Coverage Report]

✅ pass : 0 / 0 (0%)

[github-actions]

[BE Incremental Coverage Report]

❌ fail : 151 / 281 (53.74%)

file detail

	path	covered_line	new_line	coverage	not_covered_line_detail
🔵	be/src/storage/segment_replicate_executor.cpp	1	27	03.70%	[318, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 326, 327, 328, 329, 332, 333, 334, 335, 337, 338, 339, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 351]
🔵	be/src/storage/index/index_descriptor.h	1	11	09.09%	[29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 48, 51]
🔵	be/src/storage/rowset/rowset_writer.cpp	7	51	13.73%	[300, 301, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 310, 314, 317, 320, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 328, 329, 330, 331, 333, 335, 336, 337, 338, 340, 343, 344, 345, 348, 350, 448, 449, 465, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135]
🔵	be/src/storage/rowset/rowset.cpp	3	15	20.00%	[329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448]
🔵	be/src/storage/rowset/segment_writer.cpp	5	10	50.00%	[186, 187, 188, 189, 190]
🔵	be/src/storage/rowset/array_column_writer.cpp	10	19	52.63%	[131, 132, 133, 134, 145, 175, 187, 212, 237]
🔵	be/src/storage/index/vector/vector_index_builder_factory.cpp	4	6	66.67%	[32, 33]
🔵	be/src/storage/index/vector/vector_index_writer.h	5	7	71.43%	[37, 55]
🔵	be/src/storage/index/vector/vector_index_writer.cpp	52	69	75.36%	[38, 53, 54, 56, 62, 79, 107, 108, 119, 120, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 133, 134]
🔵	be/src/storage/index/vector/vector_index_builder.h	9	12	75.00%	[68, 70, 72]
🔵	be/src/storage/tablet_meta.h	1	1	100.00%	[]
🔵	be/src/util/system_metrics.cpp	44	44	100.00%	[]
🔵	be/src/storage/index/vector/vector_index_builder.cpp	5	5	100.00%	[]
🔵	be/src/runtime/snapshot_loader.cpp	2	2	100.00%	[]
🔵	be/src/storage/rowset/column_writer.h	1	1	100.00%	[]
🔵	be/src/storage/index/vector/vector_index_builder_factory.h	1	1	100.00%	[]