Github/IrisDroidology/Python-Learning files #1

Python and games for Starter Stellarios

stellarios/Python-Games/Udemy/Networking/CSC P.Mod/Topologies.txt

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+	• Bus
+	• Ring
+	• Star
+	• Mesh
+	• Hybrid
+
+What is a topology?
+	• The ways nodes in networks are connected together
+
+Bus Topology
+	• Early ethernet networks used a bus structure
+	• Modern ethernet networks use a star bus structure (hybrid) 
+	• Every device and computer is connected to a single cable 
+	• Linear bus topology - 2 end points 
+	• Features: 
+		○ Every device is connected to one cable
+		○ Transmits data in one direction
+	• Advantages:
+		○ Cost effective
+		○ Low amount of cable required (compared to other networking topologies)
+		○ Used in small networks
+		○ Easy to understand and set-up
+		○ Easy to expand (join 2 cables together)
+	• Disadvantages:
+		○ If cable fails, network fails
+		○ If network is heavy performance decreases
+		○ Limited cable length
+		○ Slower than ring topology
+Ring Topology
+	• Each computer is connected to another computer
+		○ (Benzene shape)
+		○ 2 neighbours for each device
+	• Features:
+		○ A number of repeaters are needed (as data has to travel through all the nodes from the first computer/device to the desired node)
+		○ Unidirectional transmission
+			§ However, bidirectional transmission can be done by having 2 connections between each device
+			§ Benzene double bonding (eg)
+			§ Dual Ring Topology
+		○ Dual Ring Topology - 2 ring networks are formed
+			§ 1 can be a backup
+		○ Data is transferred bit by bit in a sequential manner
+	• Advantages:
+		○ Cheap to install and expand
+		○ Network is not affected by high traffic or adding more nodes 
+	• Disadvantages:
+		○ Troubleshooting is difficult
+		○ Adding/deleting nodes disturbs the network activity
+		○ Failure of one computer disturbs the whole network
+Mesh Topology
+	• Both Wi-Fi & Bluetooth are being upgraded to support Mesh Networking
+
+
+Star Topology
+
+Hybrid Topology
+	• Modern Ethernet Networks use a hybrid topology structure (star bus) 
+
+
+References
+	• http://www.steves-internet-guide.com/networking/
+	• https://www.studytonight.com/computer-networks/network-topology-types.php

stellarios/Python-Games/Udemy/Networking/Cisco/Untitled-1.txt

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+# Introduction to networking
+# Lecture link: https://www.udemy.com/course/cisco-ccna-network-fundementals-chapter-1/learn/lecture/2130534#overview
+
+Lecture Link: https://www.udemy.com/course/cisco-ccna-network-fundementals-chapter-1/learn/lecture/2130534#overview
+
+What is a network?
+	• Having 2 or more devices communicating in some way
+		○ These devices can be considered as nodes
+		○ Communicate with each other
+	• Node - anything that has the ability to communicate
+	• Wired/wireless
+	• IP - a protocol to communicate
+		○ Nodes are devices that communicate with each other using IP
+	• Network card - used for communications
+		○ NIC - network interface card
+		○ For wired networks, a network cable is plugged in to the connected devices' NIC
+		○ Purpose: move data over wires, to another network card
+

stellarios/Python-Games/Udemy/Networking/Networking Concepts/course intro + lan, wan.txt

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+https://www.udemy.com/course/networking-concepts-for-beginners/learn/lecture/6060530#overview
+
+LANs
+	• A Local Area Network is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link to a server
+	• A LAN includes devices and computers that are connected to a server within a small geographical landscape, for example an office building or a house
+	• Computers, and other devices can share resources
+		○ Printer
+		○ Network storage
+	• A LAN can serve one or 2 users, or hundreds
+		○ The definition does not depend on the size of the group, rather the geographical size
+
+WANs
+	• Wide Area Network
+	• Geographically dispersed telecommunications network
+	• May be privately owned or rented
+		○ However, the term WAN usually denotes shared networks (public)
+	• Computers and users can communicate with computers and users in other locations
+	• Hundreds of branches in different cities are connected with each other
+

stellarios/Python-Games/Udemy/Python Masterclass/14-calculator-app.py

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+# First Application - Calculator
+# Lecture: https://www.udemy.com/course/python-masterclass-for-beginners/learn/lecture/13282934#overview (#14)
+
+# Defining two numbers for operations
+print("Enter first number: ")
+firstNumber = int(input())
+print("Enter second number: ")
+secondNumber = int(input()) # we can also use floats
+
+# Operations
+"""
+print(firstNumber + secondNumber)
+This will not work (line 12) as both input variables are a string type
+"""
+"""
+For example, if I set the value of "firstNumber" to 1, and "secondNumber" to 2,
+adding them together will produce 12
+"""
+"""
+We need to turn the strings into integers:
+print("Enter first number: ")
+firstNumber = int(input())
+print("Enter second number: ")
+secondNumber = int(input())
+"""
+
+print(firstNumber " + " secondNumber " = " firstNumber + secondNumber) # addition
+print(firstNumber * secondNumber) # multiplication
+print(firstNumber / secondNumber) # division
+print(firstNumber - secondNumber) # subtraction
+print(firstNumber % secondNumber) # modulus

stellarios/Python-Games/Udemy/Python Masterclass/Casting.py

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+# Casting - Changing Data Type
+# Lecture: https://www.udemy.com/course/python-masterclass-for-beginners/learn/lecture/13282888#overview
+
+number = "5" # string variable - variable "number" is string
+number2 = 10  # integer variable
+# number3 = number + number2 # Creates an error
+number3 = int(number) + number2 # converts the data/variable type of number and adds it to number2
+
+# Integer to float:
+floattobe = 5
+float1 = float(floattobe)
+
+# Integer to string:
+stringtobe = 10
+firststring = "ggg"
+string1 = str(stringtobe) + firststring

stellarios/Python-Games/Udemy/Python Masterclass/closer-look-numbers.py

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+# Closer Look at Numbers
+# Lecture: https://www.udemy.com/course/python-masterclass-for-beginners/learn/lecture/13270006#overview
+
+# Integers
+integer = 5
+
+# Floating point
+floatnumber = 5.0
+float = 5.1
+negfloat = -5
+
+# Complex Numbers
+complexnumber = 5 + 5j
+
+# Printing Numbers
+print(type(float)) # determines what type of number the variable "float" is, in this case it would output "float" - "Class Float"
+print(integer) # prints the value of the number-integer variable "integer" to the console - prints "5" to console
+
+# Number Operations
+number1 = 1
+number2 = 2
+number1n2 = number2 + number1 # sets the value of the variable "number1n2" to the value of "number1" & "nummber2" added - 1 + 2 = 3
+
+number1 = 1.0
+number2 = 2
+number1x2 = number1 * number2 # this is now a float, as at least one of the variables (number1) is a floating point number variable
+print(number1x2) # prints 2.0

stellarios/Python-Games/Udemy/Python Masterclass/getting-input.py

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+ # Getting input
+ # Lecture: https://www.udemy.com/course/python-masterclass-for-beginners/learn/lecture/13270018?start=0#overview
+
+ # Starting off with input and variables:
+msg = "What is your name? "
+print(msg)
+userName = input() # sets the input to the input variable from msg (line5)
+print("Hello, " + userName)
+
+#  This all works so far.....
+
+print(type(userName)) # <class 'str'>
+"""
+# Regardless of the user input, the input is always a string
+# String concatenation still works, however
+"""

stellarios/Python-Games/Udemy/Python Masterclass/introduction-masterclass.py

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+"""
+https://www.udemy.com/course/python-masterclass-for-beginners/learn/lecture/12851018#overview
+
+Q & A -- Introducing yourself
+https://www.udemy.com/course/python-masterclass-for-beginners/learn/lecture/12851022#questions
+Hi  there! My name is Liam Arbuckle, I'm from Australia, and I'm enrolled in this course to learn more about Python. I have a little bit of experience in Python - including lists, tuples, and a little bit of pygame, however I don't have much experience in putting those tools to real world use. This course looks like a way to fix that!
+"""
+
+# First Program - Hello World
+msg = "Hello World!"
+print(msg) # even though the variable "msg" is a string, since we are inputting variable there is no need for quotes
+            # prints the value of string variable "msg" to the console
+

stellarios/Python-Games/Udemy/Python Masterclass/starting-operations.py

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+# Starting Of Operations
+# Lecture: https://www.udemy.com/course/python-masterclass-for-beginners/learn/lecture/13270000#overview
+
+# Integer Operations
+
+number = 50
+number2 = 20
+number3 = 10 + 20
+number4 = number + number2
+number5 = number + 10
+numberMultiply = number * number5
+
+# String Operations
+stringvariable = "aaa"
+stringvariable2 = "bbb"
+stringvariable3 = stringvariable + stringvariable2 # Concatenation of strings, outputs "aaabbb" to the console
+
+stringvariable4 = "..."
+
+"""
+Right now, we cannot add an integer variable and a string together - need to convert int to string variable
+However, we can multiply a string by an integer variable or a number (see lines 10, 7 of this file to see what I mean)
+"""
+
+a = "a"
+number = 5
+repeata = a * number # Sets the value of STRING variable "repeata" to "aaaaa", or the value of variable "a" repeated the number of times that is seen in the integer variable "number"
+print(repeata) # Prints "aaaaa" to the console as an output

stellarios/Python-Games/Udemy/Python Masterclass/strings.py

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+# Strings
+# Lecture: https://www.udemy.com/course/python-masterclass-for-beginners/learn/lecture/13270012#overview
+
+stringVariable = "hello" # Sets the value of the string variable "stringVariable" to "hello" (array of characters)
+
+# Indexing
+print(stringVariable) # prints/accesses whole string
+print(stringVariable[0]) # Index value - prints "h" (h = 0, e = 1, o = 4). Accessing 1 character at a time
+
+print(stringVariable[1:3]) # Index value - 1,2,3 (e,l,l) - prints "ell"
+# Length
+print(len(stringVariable)) # prints 5 - 5 characters
+
+# Removing whitespace
+whitespace = "     white     spa ce"
+print(whitespace.strip) # Spaces in between characters are still there, spaces in front and at end are deleted
+
+# Lowercase & uppercase
+lower = "this is lower"
+print(lower.capitalize()) # first character is capatalized
+# Caps lock
+print(lower.upper())
+upper = "this is upper"
+print(upper.lower())
+
+# Replacing characters
+string1 = "shshshshshsh"
+print(string1.replace('h', 'a')) # old, new, count
+# Split
+string1 = "sh sh sh"
+string2 = string1.split(' ') # splits white space/spaces

stellarios/Python-Games/Udemy/Python Masterclass/stuff-to-remember.py

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+# Stuff to remember
+"""
+Basically stuff that I haven't quite gotten downpat/memorized
+"""
+
+# Casting
+# Integer to string
+myInt = 1
+myStringInt = str(myInt) # changes from integer to string
+
+# Integer to float
+myInt = 1
+myFloatInt = float(int) # 1 --> 1.0
+
+# String to int
+myString = 1
+myIntString = int(myString)
+
+# Concatenation can be done with casting
+
+# Other Stuff
+float = 1.0
+print(type(float)) # determines what type of number the variable "float" is, in this case it would output "float" - "Class Float"

stellarios/Python-Games/Udemy/Python-Programming-Beginners/Data Types in Python.md

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+# Data Types in Python
+
+Classified into 5 categories
+
+* Numbers
+* Strings
+* Lists
+* Tuples
+* Dictionaries
+
+[![forthebadge made-with-python](http://ForTheBadge.com/images/badges/made-with-python.svg)](https://www.python.org/)
+

stellarios/Python-Games/Udemy/Python-Programming-Beginners/Data Types in Python.py

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+# Data Types in Python
+
+#Classified into 5 categories
+
+#- Numbers
+#- Strings
+#- Lists
+#- Tuples
+#- Dictionaries
+

stellarios/Python-Games/Udemy/Python-Programming-Beginners/Exercise-Solution-Numbers-Easy.py

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+# Assign an integer value 25 to the variable age
+age = 25
+print(age)
+
+# Output => 25

stellarios/Python-Games/Udemy/Python-Programming-Beginners/Exercises/variables-exercises.py

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+# Easy - Declare a variable without breaking any of the rules
+variable = 70 # integer variable
+
+# Medium - Declare this variable “break = 50”. Which rule does it break ?
+# It uses the Python keyword "break"
+
+# Hard - Make changes to these variables so that they no longer break the rules to
+define a variable
+
+phoneNumber = 12345 # integer variable, original name was phone$phoneNumber
+Name = "Benny" # Original name for variable was 123 name

stellarios/Python-Games/Udemy/Python-Programming-Beginners/Installing Python

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+I installed version 3.7.4 of Python from http://python.org
+
+[![forthebadge made-with-python](http://ForTheBadge.com/images/badges/made-with-python.svg)](https://www.python.org/)

stellarios/Python-Games/Udemy/Python-Programming-Beginners/Numbers.md

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+# Numbers
+
+* Arithmetic values used for mathematical purposes
+
+2 types of number variables (currently learnt):
+
+```python
+myinteger = 20
+myfloatingpointnumber = 20.1
+```
+
+
+

stellarios/Python-Games/Udemy/Python-Programming-Beginners/Numbers.py

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+myinteger = 20
+myfloatingpointnumber = 20.1