chore: Add pre-commit config

[paulgessinger]

Inspired by @niermann999's #876, I'm proposing (somewhat provocatively) to synchronize the linting with the core repo. With this PR:

• There's a pre-commit config file to allow easy local application of linting rules
• I'm adding gersemi for CMake formatting as well as end-of-file and trailing-whitespace checkers
• Adds a CI job that runs pre-commit, instead of individual other jobs.

I'm not changing the clang-format version here, but that would be very easy to in a follow-up step.

[sonarcloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarCloud

[niermann999]

Looks good as far as I can tell

[niermann999]

I guess the CI requirements have to be updated one more time