Hugging Face Optimum

🤗 Optimum is an extension of 🤗 Transformers, providing a set of optimization tools enabling maximum efficiency to train and run models on targeted hardware.

The AI ecosystem evolves quickly and more and more specialized hardware along with their own optimizations are emerging every day. As such, Optimum enables users to efficiently use any of these platforms with the same ease inherent to transformers.

Integration with Hardware Partners

Optimum aims at providing more diversity towards the kind of hardware users can target to train and finetune their models.

To achieve this, we are collaborating with the following hardware manufacturers in order to provide the best transformers integration:

• Graphcore IPUs - IPUs are a completely new kind of massively parallel processor to accelerate machine intelligence. More information here.
• Habana Gaudi Processor (HPU) - HPUs are designed to maximize training throughput and efficiency. More information here.
• Intel - Enabling the usage of Intel tools to accelerate inference on Intel architectures. More information about Neural Compressor and OpenVINO.
• More to come soon! ⭐

Installation

🤗 Optimum can be installed using pip as follows:

python -m pip install optimum

If you'd like to use the accelerator-specific features of 🤗 Optimum, you can install the required dependencies according to the table below:

Accelerator	Installation
ONNX Runtime	python -m pip install optimum[onnxruntime]
Intel Neural Compressor	python -m pip install optimum[neural-compressor]
OpenVINO	python -m pip install optimum[openvino,nncf]
Graphcore IPU	python -m pip install optimum[graphcore]
Habana Gaudi Processor (HPU)	python -m pip install optimum[habana]

If you'd like to play with the examples or need the bleeding edge of the code and can't wait for a new release, you can install the base library from source as follows:

python -m pip install git+https://github.com/huggingface/optimum.git

For the accelerator-specific features, you can install them by appending #egg=optimum[accelerator_type] to the pip command, e.g.

python -m pip install git+https://github.com/huggingface/optimum.git#egg=optimum[onnxruntime]

Optimizing models towards inference

Along with supporting dedicated AI hardware for training, Optimum also provides inference optimizations towards various frameworks and platforms.

Optimum enables the usage of popular compression techniques such as quantization and pruning by supporting ONNX Runtime along with Intel Neural Compressor and OpenVINO NNCF.

Features	ONNX Runtime	Neural Compressor	OpenVINO
Post-training Dynamic Quantization	✔️	✔️	N/A
Post-training Static Quantization	✔️	✔️	✔️
Quantization Aware Training (QAT)	Stay tuned! ⭐	✔️	✔️
Pruning	N/A	✔️	✔️

Quick tour

Check out the examples below to see how 🤗 Optimum can be used to train and run inference on various hardware accelerators.

Accelerated inference

ONNX Runtime

To accelerate inference with ONNX Runtime, 🤗 Optimum uses configuration objects to define parameters for graph optimization and quantization. These objects are then used to instantiate dedicated optimizers and quantizers.

Before applying quantization or optimization, first we need to load our model. To load a model and run inference with ONNX Runtime, you can just replace the canonical Transformers AutoModelForXxx class with the corresponding ORTModelForXxx class. If you want to load from a PyTorch checkpoint, set from_transformers=True to export your model to the ONNX format.

from optimum.onnxruntime import ORTModelForSequenceClassification
from transformers import AutoTokenizer

model_checkpoint = "distilbert-base-uncased-finetuned-sst-2-english"
save_directory = "tmp/onnx/"
# Load a model from transformers and export it to ONNX
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_checkpoint)
ort_model = ORTModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_checkpoint, from_transformers=True)
# Save the ONNX model and tokenizer
ort_model.save_pretrained(save_directory)
tokenizer.save_pretrained(save_directory)

Let's see now how we can apply dynamic quantization with ONNX Runtime:

from optimum.onnxruntime.configuration import AutoQuantizationConfig
from optimum.onnxruntime import ORTQuantizer

# Define the quantization methodology
qconfig = AutoQuantizationConfig.arm64(is_static=False, per_channel=False)
quantizer = ORTQuantizer.from_pretrained(ort_model)
# Apply dynamic quantization on the model
quantizer.quantize(save_dir=save_directory, quantization_config=qconfig)

In this example, we've quantized a model from the Hugging Face Hub, in the same manner we can quantize a model hosted locally by providing the path to the directory containing the model weights. The result from applying the quantize() method is a model_quantized.onnx file that can be used to run inference. Here's an example of how to load an ONNX Runtime model and generate predictions with it:

from optimum.onnxruntime import ORTModelForSequenceClassification
from transformers import pipeline, AutoTokenizer

model = ORTModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(save_directory, file_name="model_quantized.onnx")
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(save_directory)
classifier = pipeline("text-classification", model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer)
results = classifier("I love burritos!")

You can find more examples in the documentation and in the examples.

Intel

To load a model and run inference with OpenVINO Runtime, you can just replace your AutoModelForXxx class with the corresponding OVModelForXxx class. If you want to load a PyTorch checkpoint, set from_transformers=True to convert your model to the OpenVINO IR (Intermediate Representation).

- from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification
+ from optimum.intel.openvino import OVModelForSequenceClassification
  from transformers import AutoTokenizer, pipeline

  # Download a tokenizer and model from the Hub and convert to OpenVINO format
  tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
  model_id = "distilbert-base-uncased-finetuned-sst-2-english"
- model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_id)
+ model = OVModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_id, from_transformers=True)

  # Run inference!
  classifier = pipeline("text-classification", model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer)
  results = classifier("He's a dreadful magician.")

You can find more examples in the documentation and in the examples.

Accelerated training

Habana

To train transformers on Habana's Gaudi processors, 🤗 Optimum provides a GaudiTrainer that is very similar to the 🤗 Transformers Trainer. Here is a simple example:

- from transformers import Trainer, TrainingArguments
+ from optimum.habana import GaudiTrainer, GaudiTrainingArguments

  # Download a pretrained model from the Hub
  model = AutoModelForXxx.from_pretrained("bert-base-uncased")

  # Define the training arguments
- training_args = TrainingArguments(
+ training_args = GaudiTrainingArguments(
      output_dir="path/to/save/folder/",
+     use_habana=True,
+     use_lazy_mode=True,
+     gaudi_config_name="Habana/bert-base-uncased",
      ...
  )

  # Initialize the trainer
- trainer = Trainer(
+ trainer = GaudiTrainer(
      model=model,
      args=training_args,
      train_dataset=train_dataset,
      ...
  )

  # Use Habana Gaudi processor for training!
  trainer.train()

You can find more examples in the documentation and in the examples.

Graphcore

To train transformers on Graphcore's IPUs, 🤗 Optimum provides a IPUTrainer that is very similar to the 🤗 Transformers Trainer. Here is a simple example:

- from transformers import Trainer, TrainingArguments
+ from optimum.graphcore import IPUConfig, IPUTrainer, IPUTrainingArguments

  # Download a pretrained model from the Hub
  model = AutoModelForXxx.from_pretrained("bert-base-uncased")

  # Define the training arguments
- training_args = TrainingArguments(
+ training_args = IPUTrainingArguments(
      output_dir="path/to/save/folder/",
+     ipu_config_name="Graphcore/bert-base-ipu", # Any IPUConfig on the Hub or stored locally
      ...
  )

  # Define the configuration to compile and put the model on the IPU
+ ipu_config = IPUConfig.from_pretrained(training_args.ipu_config_name)

  # Initialize the trainer
- trainer = Trainer(
+ trainer = IPUTrainer(
      model=model,
+     ipu_config=ipu_config
      args=training_args,
      train_dataset=train_dataset
      ...
  )

  # Use Graphcore IPU for training!
  trainer.train()

You can find more examples in the documentation and in the examples.

ONNX Runtime

To train transformers with ONNX Runtime's acceleration features, 🤗 Optimum provides a ORTTrainer that is very similar to the 🤗 Transformers Trainer. Here is a simple example:

- from transformers import Trainer, TrainingArguments
+ from optimum.onnxruntime import ORTTrainer, ORTTrainingArguments

  # Download a pretrained model from the Hub
  model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("bert-base-uncased")

  # Define the training arguments
- training_args = TrainingArguments(
+ training_args = ORTTrainingArguments(
      output_dir="path/to/save/folder/",
      optim="adamw_ort_fused",
      ...
  )

  # Create a ONNX Runtime Trainer
- trainer = Trainer(
+ trainer = ORTTrainer(
      model=model,
      args=training_args,
      train_dataset=train_dataset,
+     feature="sequence-classification", # The model type to export to ONNX
      ...
  )

  # Use ONNX Runtime for training!
  trainer.train()

You can find more examples in the documentation and in the examples.