###Part 1: Functional Thinking
I read about catamorphisms to help with the implementations here. In searching for information about catamorphisms, I also stumbled across Tony Morris's catamorphisms MyOption problem, from which this seems derived. However, my solutions here are my own work.
###Part 2: Monads
The implementation of fmap in trait Monad calls fmap as defined in trait Functor.
The implementations of point and bind in IdMonad, MaybeMonad, and ReaderMonad all call point and bind as defined in trait Monad.