Removes uses of deprecated methods from chrono

[zslayton]

Starting in v0.4.23, chrono deprecated a number of methods that would panic if the parameters were out of bounds (e.g. month=400) in favor of new versions that would return a None if the inputs were bad.

This PR replaces usages of the deprecated methods with their safe counterparts. Unfortunately, the safe counterparts are rather more verbose. However, most of the impacted code was in unit tests.

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Base: 90.41% // Head: 90.41% // Decreases project coverage by -0.01% ⚠️

Coverage data is based on head (3178d8a) compared to base (396a973).
Patch coverage: 100.00% of modified lines in pull request are covered.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #471      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   90.41%   90.41%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files          77       77              
  Lines       14171    14177       +6     
==========================================
+ Hits        12813    12818       +5     
- Misses       1358     1359       +1     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/types/timestamp.rs	92.13% <100.00%> (+0.05%)	⬆️
src/text/parsers/timestamp.rs	90.31% <0.00%> (-0.39%)	⬇️
src/text/non_blocking/raw_text_reader.rs	93.28% <0.00%> (ø)

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[desaikd]

Looks good! There are still some clippy warnings though.

[zslayton]

There are still some clippy warnings though.

Most of them are being tracked in #468, one is a bug in clippy itself being tracked in #472. Thanks for the review!