Fix setting V1 format version for Non-REST catalogs

pyiceberg/table/metadata.py

@@ -260,8 +260,10 @@ def set_v2_compatible_defaults(cls, data: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
             The TableMetadata with the defaults applied.
         """
         # When the schema doesn't have an ID
-        if data.get("schema") and "schema_id" not in data["schema"]:
-            data["schema"]["schema_id"] = DEFAULT_SCHEMA_ID
+        schema = data.get("schema")
+        if isinstance(schema, dict):
+            if "schema_id" not in schema:
+                schema["schema_id"] = DEFAULT_SCHEMA_ID
 
         return data
 
@@ -313,6 +315,34 @@ def construct_partition_specs(cls, data: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
 
         return data
 
+    @model_validator(mode="before")
+    def construct_v1_spec_from_v2_fields(cls, data: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        specs_field = "partition_specs"
+        default_spec_id_field = "default_spec_id"
+        if specs_field in data and default_spec_id_field in data:
+            specs = data[specs_field]
+            spec_id = data[default_spec_id_field]
+            for spec in specs:
+                if spec.spec_id == spec_id:
+                    data["partition_spec"] = [spec.model_dump()]
+                    return data
+
+        return data
+
+    @model_validator(mode="before")
+    def construct_v1_schema_from_v2_fields(cls, data: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        schemas_field = "schemas"
+        current_schema_id_field = "current_schema_id"
+        if schemas_field in data and current_schema_id_field in data:
+            schemas = data[schemas_field]
+            current_schema_id = data[current_schema_id_field]
+            for schema in schemas:
+                if schema.schema_id == current_schema_id:
+                    data["schema"] = schema
+                    return data
+
+        return data
+
     @model_validator(mode="before")
     def set_sort_orders(cls, data: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """Set the sort_orders if not provided.
@@ -335,7 +365,7 @@ def to_v2(self) -> TableMetadataV2:
         metadata["format-version"] = 2
         return TableMetadataV2.model_validate(metadata)
 
-    format_version: Literal[1] = Field(alias="format-version")
+    format_version: Literal[1] = Field(alias="format-version", default=1)
     """An integer version number for the format. Currently, this can be 1 or 2
     based on the spec. Implementations must throw an exception if a table’s
     version is higher than the supported version."""
@@ -394,6 +424,7 @@ def construct_refs(cls, table_metadata: TableMetadata) -> TableMetadata:
 
 
 TableMetadata = Annotated[Union[TableMetadataV1, TableMetadataV2], Field(discriminator="format_version")]
+DEFAULT_FORMAT_VERSION = "2"
 
 
 def new_table_metadata(
@@ -411,6 +442,24 @@ def new_table_metadata(
     if table_uuid is None:
         table_uuid = uuid.uuid4()
 
+    # Remove format-version so it does not get persisted
+    format_version = properties.pop("format-version", DEFAULT_FORMAT_VERSION)
+
+    if int(format_version) == 1:
+        return TableMetadataV1(
+            location=location,
+            schema=fresh_schema,
+            last_column_id=fresh_schema.highest_field_id,
+            current_schema_id=fresh_schema.schema_id,
+            partition_specs=[fresh_partition_spec],
+            default_spec_id=fresh_partition_spec.spec_id,
+            sort_orders=[fresh_sort_order],
+            default_sort_order_id=fresh_sort_order.order_id,
+            properties=properties,
+            last_partition_id=fresh_partition_spec.last_assigned_field_id,
+            table_uuid=table_uuid,
+        )
+
     return TableMetadataV2(
         location=location,
         schemas=[fresh_schema],

tests/catalog/test_hive.py

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 )
 from pyiceberg.partitioning import PartitionField, PartitionSpec
 from pyiceberg.schema import Schema
-from pyiceberg.table.metadata import TableMetadataUtil, TableMetadataV2
+from pyiceberg.table.metadata import TableMetadataUtil, TableMetadataV1, TableMetadataV2
 from pyiceberg.table.refs import SnapshotRef, SnapshotRefType
 from pyiceberg.table.snapshots import (
     MetadataLogEntry,
@@ -294,6 +294,60 @@ def test_create_table(table_schema_simple: Schema, hive_database: HiveDatabase,
 
     assert metadata.model_dump() == expected.model_dump()
 
+    catalog.create_table(
+        ("default", "table_v1"), schema=table_schema_simple, properties={"owner": "javaberg", "format-version": "1"}
+    )
+
+
+@patch("time.time", MagicMock(return_value=12345))
+def test_create_v1_table(table_schema_simple: Schema, hive_database: HiveDatabase, hive_table: HiveTable) -> None:
+    catalog = HiveCatalog(HIVE_CATALOG_NAME, uri=HIVE_METASTORE_FAKE_URL)
+
+    catalog._client = MagicMock()
+    catalog._client.__enter__().create_table.return_value = None
+    catalog._client.__enter__().get_table.return_value = hive_table
+    catalog._client.__enter__().get_database.return_value = hive_database
+    catalog.create_table(
+        ("default", "table"), schema=table_schema_simple, properties={"owner": "javaberg", "format-version": "1"}
+    )
+
+    # Test creating V1 table
+    called_v1_table: HiveTable = catalog._client.__enter__().create_table.call_args[0][0]
+    metadata_location = called_v1_table.parameters["metadata_location"]
+    with open(metadata_location, encoding=UTF8) as f:
+        payload = f.read()
+
+    actual_v1_metadata = TableMetadataUtil.parse_raw(payload)
+    expected_v1_metadata = TableMetadataV1(
+        location=actual_v1_metadata.location,
+        table_uuid=actual_v1_metadata.table_uuid,
+        last_updated_ms=actual_v1_metadata.last_updated_ms,
+        last_column_id=3,
+        schemas=[
+            Schema(
+                NestedField(field_id=1, name="foo", field_type=StringType(), required=False),
+                NestedField(field_id=2, name="bar", field_type=IntegerType(), required=True),
+                NestedField(field_id=3, name="baz", field_type=BooleanType(), required=False),
+                schema_id=0,
+                identifier_field_ids=[2],
+            )
+        ],
+        current_schema_id=0,
+        last_partition_id=1000,
+        properties={"owner": "javaberg", "write.parquet.compression-codec": "zstd"},
+        partition_spec=[{'fields': [], 'spec-id': 0}],
+        current_snapshot_id=None,
+        snapshots=[],
+        snapshot_log=[],
+        metadata_log=[],
+        sort_orders=[SortOrder(order_id=0)],
+        default_sort_order_id=0,
+        refs={},
+        format_version=1,
+    )
+
+    assert actual_v1_metadata.model_dump() == expected_v1_metadata.model_dump()
+
 
 def test_load_table(hive_table: HiveTable) -> None:
     catalog = HiveCatalog(HIVE_CATALOG_NAME, uri=HIVE_METASTORE_FAKE_URL)

tests/table/test_metadata.py

@@ -199,6 +199,72 @@ def test_migrate_v1_partition_specs(example_table_metadata_v1: Dict[str, Any]) -
     ]
 
 
+def test_new_table_metadata_with_explicit_v1_format() -> None:
+    schema = Schema(
+        NestedField(field_id=10, name="foo", field_type=StringType(), required=False),
+        NestedField(field_id=22, name="bar", field_type=IntegerType(), required=True),
+        NestedField(field_id=33, name="baz", field_type=BooleanType(), required=False),
+        schema_id=10,
+        identifier_field_ids=[22],
+    )
+
+    partition_spec = PartitionSpec(
+        PartitionField(source_id=22, field_id=1022, transform=IdentityTransform(), name="bar"), spec_id=10
+    )
+
+    sort_order = SortOrder(
+        SortField(source_id=10, transform=IdentityTransform(), direction=SortDirection.ASC, null_order=NullOrder.NULLS_LAST),
+        order_id=10,
+    )
+
+    actual = new_table_metadata(
+        schema=schema,
+        partition_spec=partition_spec,
+        sort_order=sort_order,
+        location="s3://some_v1_location/",
+        properties={'format-version': "1"},
+    )
+
+    expected = TableMetadataV1(
+        location="s3://some_v1_location/",
+        table_uuid=actual.table_uuid,
+        last_updated_ms=actual.last_updated_ms,
+        last_column_id=3,
+        schemas=[
+            Schema(
+                NestedField(field_id=1, name="foo", field_type=StringType(), required=False),
+                NestedField(field_id=2, name="bar", field_type=IntegerType(), required=True),
+                NestedField(field_id=3, name="baz", field_type=BooleanType(), required=False),
+                schema_id=0,
+                identifier_field_ids=[2],
+            )
+        ],
+        current_schema_id=0,
+        partition_specs=[PartitionSpec(PartitionField(source_id=2, field_id=1000, transform=IdentityTransform(), name="bar"))],
+        default_spec_id=0,
+        last_partition_id=1000,
+        properties={},
+        current_snapshot_id=None,
+        snapshots=[],
+        snapshot_log=[],
+        metadata_log=[],
+        sort_orders=[
+            SortOrder(
+                SortField(
+                    source_id=1, transform=IdentityTransform(), direction=SortDirection.ASC, null_order=NullOrder.NULLS_LAST
+                ),
+                order_id=1,
+            )
+        ],
+        default_sort_order_id=1,
+        refs={},
+        format_version=1,
+        last_sequence_number=0,
+    )
+
+    assert actual.model_dump() == expected.model_dump()
+
+
 def test_invalid_format_version(example_table_metadata_v1: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     """Test the exception when trying to load an unknown version"""