[CI] Upgrade cmake version to 3.24.0 (#16336)

This is to enable setting CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES to the special value
'native'.

docker/install/ubuntu_install_cmake_source.sh

@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@ set -e
 set -u
 set -o pipefail
 
-# the minimum cmake is 3.20.0 for LLVM 16+
 if [ -z ${1+x} ]; then
-    version=3.20.0
+    version=3.24.0
 else
     version=$1
 fi