(AS4 + #6398): Usage reporting: don't throw errors if `willResolveFie…

…ld` is called "late" (#7747)

Porting #6398 from AS3. This fix was unintentionally left out of AS4.
Fixes #7746

The minimum version of `graphql` officially supported by Apollo Server 4 as a peer dependency, v16.6.0, contains a [serious bug that can crash your Node server](graphql/graphql-js#3528). This bug is fixed in the immediate next version, `[email protected]`, and we **strongly encourage you to upgrade your installation of `graphql` to at least v16.7.0** to avoid this bug. (For backwards compatibility reasons, we cannot change Apollo Server 4's minimum peer dependency, but will change it when we release Apollo Server 5.)

Apollo Server 4 contained a particular line of code that makes triggering this crashing bug much more likely. This line was already removed in Apollo Server v3.8.2 (see #6398) but the fix was accidentally not included in Apollo Server 4.  We are now including this change in Apollo Server 4, which will **reduce** the likelihood of hitting this crashing bug for users of `graphql` v16.6.0.  That said, taking this `@apollo/server` upgrade **does not prevent** this bug from being triggered in other ways, and the real fix to this crashing bug is to upgrade `graphql`.
---------

Co-authored-by: David Glasser <[email protected]>

.changeset/late-coats-fry.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+'@apollo/server': patch
+---
+
+The minimum version of `graphql` officially supported by Apollo Server 4 as a peer dependency, v16.6.0, contains a [serious bug that can crash your Node server](https://github.com/graphql/graphql-js/issues/3528). This bug is fixed in the immediate next version, `[email protected]`, and we **strongly encourage you to upgrade your installation of `graphql` to at least v16.7.0** to avoid this bug. (For backwards compatibility reasons, we cannot change Apollo Server 4's minimum peer dependency, but will change it when we release Apollo Server 5.)
+
+Apollo Server 4 contained a particular line of code that makes triggering this crashing bug much more likely. This line was already removed in Apollo Server v3.8.2 (see #6398) but the fix was accidentally not included in Apollo Server 4.  We are now including this change in Apollo Server 4, which will **reduce** the likelihood of hitting this crashing bug for users of `graphql` v16.6.0.  That said, taking this `@apollo/server` upgrade **does not prevent** this bug from being triggered in other ways, and the real fix to this crashing bug is to upgrade `graphql`.

docs/source/migration.mdx

@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ If you're using Node.js 12, upgrade your runtime before upgrading to Apollo Serv
 
 ### `graphql`
 
-Apollo Server has a peer dependency on [`graphql`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/graphql) (the core JS GraphQL implementation). Apollo Server 4 supports `graphql` v16.6.0 and later. (Apollo Server 3 supports `graphql` v15.3.0 through v16.)
+Apollo Server has a peer dependency on [`graphql`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/graphql) (the core JS GraphQL implementation). Apollo Server 4 supports `graphql` v16.6.0 and later, but we *strongly* recommend using at least v16.7.0 due to a [bug in `graphql`](https://github.com/graphql/graphql-js/issues/3528) which can crash your server. (Apollo Server 3 supports `graphql` v15.3.0 through v16.)
 
 If you're using an older version of `graphql`, upgrade it to a supported version before upgrading to Apollo Server 4.
 

packages/server/src/plugin/traceTreeBuilder.ts

@@ -85,7 +85,49 @@ export class TraceTreeBuilder {
       throw internalError('willResolveField called before startTiming!');
     }
     if (this.stopped) {
-      throw internalError('willResolveField called after stopTiming!');
+      // We've been stopped, which means execution is done... and yet we're
+      // still resolving more fields? How can that be? Shouldn't we throw an
+      // error or something?
+      //
+      // Well... we used to do exactly that. But this "shouldn't happen" error
+      // showed up in practice! Turns out that graphql-js can actually continue
+      // to execute more fields indefinitely long after `execute()` resolves!
+      // That's because parallelism on a selection set is implemented using
+      // `Promise.all`, and as soon as one of its arguments (ie, one field)
+      // throws an error, the combined Promise resolves, but there's no
+      // "cancellation" of the Promises that are the other arguments to
+      // `Promise.all`. So the code contributing to those Promises keeps on
+      // chugging away indefinitely.
+      //
+      // Concrete example: let’s say you have
+      //
+      //    { x y { ARBITRARY_SELECTION_SET } }
+      //
+      // where x has a non-null return type, and x and y both have resolvers
+      // that return Promises. And let’s say that x returns a Promise that
+      // rejects (or resolves to null). What this means is that we’re going to
+      // eventually end up with `data: null` (nothing under y will actually
+      // matter), but graphql-js execution will continue running whatever is
+      // under ARBITRARY_SELECTION_SET without any sort of short circuiting. In
+      // fact, the Promise returned from execute itself can happily resolve
+      // while execution is still chugging away on an arbitrary amount of fields
+      // under that ARBITRARY_SELECTION_SET. There’s no way to detect from the
+      // outside "all the execution related to this operation is done", nor to
+      // "short-circuit" execution so that it stops going.
+      //
+      // So, um. We will record any field whose execution we manage to observe
+      // before we "stop" the TraceTreeBuilder (whether it is one that actually
+      // ends up in the response or whether it gets thrown away due to null
+      // bubbling), but if we get any more fields afterwards, we just ignore
+      // them rather than throwing a confusing error.
+      //
+      // (That said, the error we used to throw here generally was hidden
+      // anyway, for the same reason: it comes from a branch of execution that
+      // ends up not being included in the response. But
+      // https://github.com/graphql/graphql-js/pull/3529 means that this
+      // sometimes crashed execution anyway. Our error never caught any actual
+      // problematic cases, so keeping it around doesn't really help.)
+      return () => {};
     }
 
     const path = info.path;