Add `exclude` support to `ruff analyze` #33170

Job	Run time
cargo fmt	17s
pre-commit	50s
Determine changes	9s
python package	1m 28s
mkdocs	2m 49s
cargo test (windows)	6m 32s
cargo build (msrv)	2m 45s
cargo test (linux)	2m 44s
cargo clippy	1m 42s
cargo build (release)	4m 48s
cargo test (wasm)	1m 32s
benchmarks	4m 57s
cargo fuzz	5m 12s
cargo shear	21s
formatter instabilities and black similarity	0s
test scripts	54s
test ruff-lsp	0s
ecosystem	0s
Fuzz the parser	0s
	37m 0s

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