This change fixes a memory leak, when running either state-tests or blockchain-tests, we allocate a `1MB` fastcache during snapshot generation. `fastcache` is a bit special, and requires a `Reset()` (it has it's own memory allocator). 

The `1MB` was hidden [here](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/master/tests/state_test_util.go#L333) and [here](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/master/tests/block_test_util.go#L146) respectively.

Changes the trusted_setup to the one created during the kzg-ceremony. The trusted setup file can be found in the consensus specs: https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/dev/presets/mainnet/trusted_setups/trusted_setup_4096.json
---------

Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <[email protected]>

…ds (#28359)

A goroutine is used to manage the lifetime of subscriptions managed by
resubscriptions. When the subscription ends with no error, the resub
goroutine ends as well. However, the resub goroutine needs to live
long enough to read from the unsub channel. Otheriwse, an Unsubscribe
call deadlocks when writing to the unsub channel.

This is fixed by adding a buffer to the unsub channel.

… (#28368)

Fixes a bug where the ethstats omits to report full block contents. This bug was a side-effect of ethereum/go-ethereum#26777,  where `CurrentBlock` was changed to return a header instead of a block, leading to a failed type assertion.

…198)

This PR adds more error message for debugging purpose.

As per discussion in ethereum/execution-apis#475

…in stacktrie (#28327)

* core, eth, trie: filter out boundary nodes in stacktrie

* eth/protocol/snap: add comments

* Update trie/stacktrie.go

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <[email protected]>

* eth, trie: remove onBoundary callback

* eth/protocols/snap: keep complete boundary nodes

* eth/protocols/snap: skip healing if the storage trie is already complete

* eth, trie: add more metrics

* eth, trie: address comment

---------

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <[email protected]>

This change closes ethereum/go-ethereum#27730 . By using an iterator instead of a slice of transactions, we can better handle the case when an individual transaction (within an otherwise well-formed RLP-list) cannot be decoded.

This PR removes panics from stacktrie (mostly), and makes the Update return errors instead. While adding tests for this, I also found that one case of possible corruption was not caught, which is now fixed.

As per discussion in ethereum/execution-apis#475

Signed-off-by: jsvisa <[email protected]>

…28358)

The String() version of BlockNumberOrHash uses decimal for all block numbers, including negative ones used to indicate labels. Switch to using BlockNumber.String() which encodes it correctly for use in the JSON-RPC API.

This PR is a bit in preparation for the slog work in #28187 .

Our current test re logging mostly test the internals, but we have no real end-to-end test of the logging output. This PR introduces a simple reexec-based log tester. This also relies upon a special mode in geth, which can be made to eject a set of predefined log messages (only available if the build-tag `integrationtests` is used

e.g. go run --tags=integrationtests ./cmd/geth --log.format terminal logtest

While working on this, I also noticed a quirk in the setup: when geth was configured to use a file output, then two separate handlers were used (one handler for the file, one handler for the console). Using two separate handlers means that two formatters are used, thus the formatting of any/all records happened twice. This PR changes the mechanism to use two separate io.Writers instead, which is both more optimal and fixes a bug which occurs due to a global statefulness in the formatter.

Signed-off-by: jsvisa <[email protected]>

* core, cmd/geth: add --override.* flags to geth init

* also apply overrides before genesis commit with new block

* review feedback

---------

Signed-off-by: jsvisa <[email protected]>

a little copying is better than a little dependency

-- go proverb

We have this dependency on docker, a.k.a moby: a gigantic library, and we only need ~70 LOC,
so here I tried moving it inline instead.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>

* trie/triedb/pathdb: improve dirty node flushing trigger

* trie/triedb/pathdb: add tests

* trie/triedb/pathdb: address comment

…. (#28379)

This adds warning logs when the read does not match the expected count.
We can also remove the size limit since the function documentation explicitly states
that callers should limit the count.

This change improves GenerateChain to support internal chain history access (ChainReader)
for the consensus engine and EVM.

GenerateChain takes a `parent` block and the number of blocks to create. With my changes,
the consensus engine and EVM can now access blocks from `parent` up to the block currently
being generated. This is required to make the BLOCKHASH instruction work, and also needed
to create real clique chains.  Clique uses chain history to figure out if the current signer is in-turn,
for example.

I've also added some more accessors to BlockGen. These are helpful when creating transactions:

- g.Signer returns a signer instance for the current block
- g.Difficulty returns the current block difficulty
- g.Gas returns the remaining gas amount

Another fix in this commit concerns the receipts returned by GenerateChain. The receipts now
have properly derived fields (BlockHash, etc.) and should generally match what would be
returned by the RPC API.

Co-authored-by: lightclient <[email protected]>

make `opCodeToString` a `[256]string` array

Co-authored-by: lmittmann <[email protected]>

Currently, one can use the "withLogs" parameter to include logs in the
callTracer results, which allows the user to see at which trace level
was each log emitted.
This commit adds a position field to the logs which determine
the exact ordering of a call's logs and its subcalls. This would
be useful e.g. for explorers wishing to display the flow of execution.

Co-authored-by: jsvisa <[email protected]>

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>

* core/vm: set basefee to 0 internally on eth_call

* core: nicer 0-basefee, make it work for blob fees too

* internal/ethapi: make tests a bit more complex

* core: fix blob fee checker

* core: make code a bit more readable

* core: fix some test error strings

* core/vm: Get rid of weird comment

* core: dict wrong typo

Signed-off-by: jsvisa <[email protected]>

* cmd/geth: more testcases for logging

This adds more edgecases around logging, particularly around handling of different types of nil-values
as concrete types and within interfaces.

Also adds tests with 'reserved' values which breaks json/logfmt formats. The json output is checked in,
but not actively used by any testcase at the moment.

* cmd/geth/testdata: remove timestamps

cockroachdb/pebble@422dce9 added Errorf to the Logger interface, this change makes it possible to compile geth with that version of pebble by adding the corresponding method to panicLogger.

Currently, geth's will return `[]` for any `len(topics) > 4` log filter. The EVM only supports up to four logs, via LOG4 opcode, so larger criterias fail. This change makes the filter query exit early in those cases.

* core/rawdb: fsync the index and data file after each freezer write

* core/rawdb: fsync the data file in freezer after write

…484)

This change makes it so that when executing state tess, state is always dumped out if the corresponding flag is set.

…#28482)

Adds testcases for eth_getProof endpoint for the following cases: 

- the account/contract does not exist
- the account/contract exists but is empty.

This changes just removes some whitespace

Cherry-pick changes from ethereum/go-ethereum#28359

event: fix Resubscribe deadlock when unsubscribing after inner sub ends

This change allows the creation of a genesis block for verkle testnets. This makes for a chunk of code that is easier to review and still touches many discussion points.

Fixes so that `push0` opcode is correctly reported as `true` by the `IsPush` function

---------

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <[email protected]>

Co-authored-by: VM <[email protected]>

This PR moves our fuzzers from tests/fuzzers into whatever their respective 'native' package is.

The historical reason why they were placed in an external location, is that when they were based on go-fuzz, they could not be "hidden" via the _test.go prefix. So in order to shove them away from the go-ethereum "production code", they were put aside.

But now we've rewritten them to be based on golang testing, and thus can be brought back. I've left (in tests/) the ones that are not production (bls128381), require non-standard imports (secp requires btcec, bn256 requires gnark/google/cloudflare deps).

This PR also adds a fuzzer for precompiled contracts, because why not.

This PR utilizes a newly rewritten replacement for go-118-fuzz-build, namely gofuzz-shim, which utilises the inputs from the fuzzing engine better.

tests: skip half the blockchain- and state-tests on windows 32bit CI-tests

…ptimism config enabled.

adds logging tests for errors and custom fmt.Stringer-types which output strings that needs to be quoted/escaped.

…1005) go-staticcheck (#28532)

fix: fix some (ST1005)go-staticcheck

Changes many of the tests in the miner package to run in parallel

minor typo fix

…530)

refactor: improve readability of NewMethod print

* trie: use pooling of iterator states in iterator

The node iterator burns through a lot of memory while iterating a trie, and a lot of
that can be avoided by using a fairly small pool (max 40 items).

name        old time/op    new time/op    delta
Iterator-8    6.22ms ± 3%    5.40ms ± 6%  -13.18%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)

name        old alloc/op   new alloc/op   delta
Iterator-8    2.36MB ± 0%    1.67MB ± 0%  -29.23%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)

name        old allocs/op  new allocs/op  delta
Iterator-8     37.0k ± 0%     29.8k ± 0%     ~     (p=0.079 n=4+5)

* ethdb/memorydb: avoid one copying of key

By making the transformation from []byte to string at an earlier point,
we save an allocation which otherwise happens later on.

name           old time/op    new time/op    delta
BatchAllocs-8     412µs ± 6%     382µs ± 2%   -7.18%  (p=0.016 n=5+4)

name           old alloc/op   new alloc/op   delta
BatchAllocs-8     480kB ± 0%     490kB ± 0%   +1.93%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)

name           old allocs/op  new allocs/op  delta
BatchAllocs-8     3.03k ± 0%     2.03k ± 0%  -32.98%  (p=0.008 n=5+5)

This PR verifies the accounts' storage as specified in a blockchain test's postState field

The expect-section, it does really only check that the test works. It's meant for the test-author to verify that "If the test does what it's supposed to, then the nonce of X should be 2, and the slot Y at Z should be 0x123.

    This expect-section is not exhaustive (not full post-state)
    It is also not auto-generated, but put there manually by the author.

We can still check it, as a test-sanity-check, in geth

marks tests as parallel-safe in package signer

This change adds a check to ensure that transactions added to the legacy pool are not treated as 'locals' if the global locals-management has been disabled. 

This change makes the pool enforce the --txpool.pricelimit setting.

* standard:fix for a unified standard

* standard:fix more as a complements

---------

Co-authored-by: haotian <[email protected]>

adds contextual information to errors returned by unpack

* rpc: make subscription test faster

reduces time for TestClientSubscriptionChannelClose
from 25 sec to < 1 sec.

* trie: cache trie nodes for faster sanity check

This reduces the time spent on TestIncompleteSyncHash
from ~25s to ~16s.

* core/forkid: speed up validation test

This takes the validation test from > 5s to sub 1 sec

* core/state: improve snapshot test run
brings the time for TestSnapshotRandom from 13s down to 6s

* accounts/keystore: improve keyfile test

This removes some unnecessary waits and reduces the
runtime of TestUpdatedKeyfileContents from 5 to 3 seconds

* trie: remove resolver
* trie: only check ~5% of all trie nodes

Adds 'released' flag to pebbleIterator to avoid double closing cockroachdb/pebble.Iterator as it is an invalid operation.

Fixes #28565

This fixes an issue where transactions would not be accepted when they have only
'yParity' and not 'v'.

It turns out that encoding json.RawMessage is slow because
package json basically parses the message again to ensure it is valid.
We can avoid the slowdown by encoding the entire RPC notification once,
which yields a 30% speedup.

geth --dev can be used with an existing data directory and genesis block. Since
dev mode only works with PoS, we need to verify that the merge has happened.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: lightclient <[email protected]>

…er (#28256)

Adds a subcommand: `geth snapshot export-preimages`, to export preimages of every hash found during a snapshot enumeration: that is, it exports _only the active state_, and not _all_ preimages that have been used but are no longer part of the state. 

This tool is needed for the verkle transition, in order to distribute the preimages needed for the conversion. Since only the 'active' preimages are exported, the output is shrunk from ~70GB to ~4GB.

The order of the output is the order used by the snapshot enumeration, which avoids database thrashing. However, it also means that storage-slot preimages are not deduplicated.

cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest: remove a debug-hack flaw which prevented certain tests from running

update discV5 bootnodes from https://github.com/eth-clients/eth2-networks/blob/master/shared/mainnet/bootstrap_nodes.txt

* cmd, les, tests: remove light client code

This commit removes the light client (LES) code.
Since the merge the light client has been broken and
it is hard to maintain it alongside the normal client.
We decided it would be best to remove it for now and
maybe rework and reintroduce it in the future.

* cmd, eth: remove some more mentions of light mode

* cmd: re-add flags and mark as deprecated

* cmd: warn the user about deprecated flags

* eth: better error message

Merge upstream v1.13.5

params: interopTime configuration and override option

This change fixes a minor bug in the `randTest.Generate` function, which caused the `quick.Check` to be a no-op.

…600)

This change exposes more information from sync module internally

This changes removes the package 'light', which is currently unused.

…aintests) (#28504)

There were several problems related to dumping state. 

- If a preimage was missing, even if we had set the `OnlyWithAddresses` to `false`, to export them anyway, the way the mapping was constructed (using `common.Address` as key) made the entries get lost anyway. Concerns both state- and blockchain tests. 
- Blockchain test execution was not configured to store preimages.

This changes makes it so that the block test executor takes a callback, just like the state test executor already does. This callback can be used to examine the post-execution state, e.g. to aid debugging of test failures.

This change fixes two type-inconsistencies in the JS tracer:

- In most places we return byte arrays as a `Uint8Array` to the tracer. However it seems we missed doing the conversion for `ctx` fields which are passed to the tracer during `result`. They are passed as simple arrays. I think Uint8Arrays are more suitable and we should change this inconsistency. Note: this will be a breaking-change. But I believe the effect is small. If we look at our tracers we see that these fields (`ctx.from`, `ctx.to`, etc.) are used in 2 ways. Passed to `toHex` which takes both array or buffer. Or the length was measured which is the same for both types.
- The `slice` taking in `int, int` params versus `memory.slice` taking `int64, int64` params. I suggest changing `slice` types to `int64`. This should have no effect almost in any case.

…eader fields (#28605)

…ations (#28618)

* eth/gasestimator: early exit for plain transfer and error allowance

* core, eth/gasestimator: hard guess at a possible required gas

* internal/ethapi: update estimation tests with the error ratio

* eth/gasestimator: I hate you linter

* graphql: fix gas estimation test

---------

Co-authored-by: Oren <[email protected]>

This PR replaces Geth's logger package (a fork of [log15](https://github.com/inconshreveable/log15)) with an implementation using slog, a logging library included as part of the Go standard library as of Go1.21.

Main changes are as follows:
* removes any log handlers that were unused in the Geth codebase.
* Json, logfmt, and terminal formatters are now slog handlers.
* Verbosity level constants are changed to match slog constant values.  Internal translation is done to make this opaque to the user and backwards compatible with existing `--verbosity` and `--vmodule` options.
* `--log.backtraceat` and `--log.debug` are removed.

The external-facing API is largely the same as the existing Geth logger.  Logger method signatures remain unchanged.

A small semantic difference is that a `Handler` can only be set once per `Logger` and not changed dynamically.  This just means that a new logger must be instantiated every time the handler of the root logger is changed.

----
For users of the `go-ethereum/log` module. If you were using this module for your own project, you will need to change the initialization. If you previously did 
```golang
log.Root().SetHandler(log.LvlFilterHandler(log.LvlInfo, log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(true))))
```
You now instead need to do 
```golang
log.SetDefault(log.NewLogger(log.NewTerminalHandlerWithLevel(os.Stderr, log.LevelInfo, true)))
```
See more about reasoning here: ethereum/go-ethereum#28558 (comment)