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AZ-104 Notes
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1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions Cloud/Azure/AZ-104--Administrator/ms-learn/README.md
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* [Use Azure Resource Manager](./prerequisites-for-azure-admin--01-use-azure-resource-manager.md)
* [Introduction to Azure Cloud Shell](./prerequisites-for-azure-admin--02-intro-to-azure-cloud-shell.md)
* [Introduction to Bash](./prerequisites-for-azure-admin--03-intro-to-bash.md)
* [Introduction to PowerShell](./prerequisites-for-azure-admin--04-intro-to-powershell.md)
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```bash
ls *.png
```

### Bash Commands and Operators

#### `ls [-a] [-l]` command

`ls` lists the contents of your current directory or the directory specified in an argument to the command. By itself, it lists the files and directories in the current directory.

#### `cat` command

`cat` shows the contents of a file.

```bash
cat /etc/os-release
```

This is a useful command because it tells you which Linux distribution you're running:

```bash
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="18.04.2 LTS (Bionic Beaver)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS"
VERSION_ID="18.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=bionic
UBUNTU_CODENAME=bionic
```

#### `sudo` command

Some Bash commands can only be run by the root user; a system administrator or superuser. If you try one of these commands without sufficient privileges, it fails.

You don't want to run as root most of the time; it's too dangerous. To run commands that require admin privilege without logging in as a superuser, you'll preface the commands with `sudo`.

`sudo` stands for "superuser do." When you use it, you're telling the shell that for this one command, you're acting with the root-user level of permission.

#### `cd`, `mkdir`, and `rmdir` commands

`cd` stands for "change directory," and it does exactly what the name suggests: it changes the current directory to another directory. It enables you to move from one directory to another just like its counterpart in Windows.

You can create directories by using the `mkdir` command.

The `rmdir` command deletes (removes) a directory, but only if it's empty. If it's not empty, you'll get a warning instead.

#### `rm [-r]` command
The `rm` command is short for "remove." As you'd expect, `rm` deletes files.

#### `cp [-r] [-i]` command
The `cp` command copies not just files, but entire directories (and subdirectories) if you want.

#### `ps [-ef]` command

The ps command gives you a snapshot of all the currently running processes. By itself, with no arguments, it shows all your shell processes; in other words, not much.

`-e` lists all running processes, and there are typically many of them.

For a more comprehensive look at what processes are running in the system, use the `-ef` flag.

#### `w` command

Users come, users go, and sometimes you get users you don't want at all. Sysadmins are also expected to know who's logged in, and who shouldn't be.

To find out who's on your servers, Linux provides the `w` (for "who") command. It displays information about the users currently on the computer system and those users' activities. `w` shows user names, their IP addresses, when they logged in, what processes they're currently running, and how much time those processes are consuming. It's a valuable tool for sysadmins.

#### `pwd` command

`pwd` stands for "print working directory."

### Bash I/O operators

You can do a lot in Linux just by exercising Bash commands and their many options. But you can really get work done when you combine commands by using I/O operators:

* `<` for redirecting input to a source other than the keyboard.
* `>` for redirecting output to destination other than the screen.
* `>>` for doing the same, but appending rather than overwriting.
* `|` for piping output from one command to the input of another.
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# Introduction to PowerShell

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