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feat: import content as lede in pages
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@hetd54
hetd54 committed Jul 23, 2024
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4 changes: 4 additions & 0 deletions src/pages/data.astro
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import { getCollection } from "astro:content"
import Layout from "../layouts/Layout.astro"
import DataForm from "../components/DataForm"
import * as lede from "../content/pages/data.md"
const files = await getCollection("data")
---

<Layout title="Data" description="Data files and information">
<section class="space-y-8 readable pb-12">
<lede.Content />
</section>
<DataForm allFiles={files} client:only="react" />
</Layout>
5 changes: 4 additions & 1 deletion src/pages/documentation.astro
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---
import Layout from "../layouts/Layout.astro"
import CircleIcon from "../components/svg/Circle"
import { ReaderIcon } from "@radix-ui/react-icons"
import * as lede from "../content/pages/documentation.md"
---

<Layout title="Documentation" description="About the Project">
<section class="space-y-8 readable pb-12">
<lede.Content />
</section>
<a
href="/study-design"
class="flex gap-2 items-end text-primary-500 decoration-primary-500 font-bold mt-6 mb-10"
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25 changes: 4 additions & 21 deletions src/pages/index.astro
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Expand Up @@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import Home from "../layouts/Home.astro"
import MiniMapSvg from "../components/svg/MiniMaps"
import FootPrint from "../components/svg/FootPrint"
import ProjectAim from "../components/ProjectAim.astro"
// this import IS used -- see line 21
import * as lede from "../content/pages/home.md"
---

<Home
Expand All @@ -15,27 +17,8 @@ import ProjectAim from "../components/ProjectAim.astro"
<FootPrint />
</div>
<div class="space-y-24">
<section class="space-y-8 py-6 readable">
<p>
The Mexican Migration Project (MMP) was created in 1982 by an interdisciplinary team of
researchers to further our understanding of the complex process of Mexican migration to the
United States. The project is a binational research effort co-directed by Jorge Durand,
professor of Social Anthropology at the University of Guadalajara (Mexico), and Douglas S.
Massey, professor of Sociology and Public Affairs, with a joint appointment in the Woodrow
Wilson School, at Princeton University (US).
</p>
<p>
Since its inception, the MMP's main focus has been to gather social as well as economic
information on Mexican-US migration. The data collected has been compiled in a comprehensive
database that is available to the public free of charge for research and educational
purposes through this web-site.
</p>
<p>
The MMP is a unique source of data that enables researchers to track patterns and processes
of contemporary Mexican immigration to the United States. The project is a
multi-disciplinary research effort that generates public use data on the characteristics and
behavior of Mexican migrants.
</p>
<section class="space-y-8 readable">
<lede.Content />
</section>
<section class="space-y-12">
<h3 class="title font-semibold">Project Aims</h3>
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252 changes: 3 additions & 249 deletions src/pages/study-design.astro
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---
import { ReaderIcon } from "@radix-ui/react-icons"
import Layout from "../layouts/Layout.astro"
import CircleIcon from "../components/svg/Circle"
import * as lede from "../content/pages/study-design.md"
---

<Layout title="Map of MMP Communities" description="Mesoamerican Migration Project">
<div class="flex flex-col gap-6">
<section class="flex flex-col gap-3.5">
<img src="/images/MMP_Map.jpg" />
</section>
<section class="readable">
<div class="space-y-4">
<h2>Design</h2>
<p>
The data contained in the various MMP databases have been gathered using an approach that
borrows from anthropological and sociological research methods. In particular, our study
employs the Ethnosurvey approach, which combines the techniques of ethnographic fieldwork
and representative survey sampling to gather qualitative as well as quantitative data. The
two kinds of empirical data are compared throughout the study to yield results of greater
validity than either ethnography or a sample survey could provide alone. This method was
designed to provide a picture of Mexican-US migration that is historically grounded,
ethnographically interpretable, quantitatively accurate, and rooted in receiving as well
as sending areas.
</p>
<p>
Each year, during the winter months (when seasonal migrants tend to return home), the MMP
randomly samples households in communities located throughout Mexico. After gathering
social, demographic, and economic information on the household and its members,
interviewers collect basic immigration information on each person's first and last trip to
the United States. From household heads and spouses, we compile detailed year-by-year
labor history and migration information; in addition, for household head migrants, we
administer a detailed series of questions about their last trip to the U.S., focusing on
employment, earnings, and use of U.S. social services.
</p>
<p>
Following completion of the Mexican surveys, interviewers travel to destination areas in
the United States to administer identical questionnaires to migrants from the same
communities sampled in Mexico who have settled north of the border and no longer return
home. These surveys are combined with those conducted in Mexico to generate a
representative binational sample.
</p>
</div>
<section class="readable space-y-4">
<lede.Content />
</section>
<div class="space-y-10">
<section class="space-y-4 readable">
<h2 class="mb-8">Selecting Communities</h2>
<p>
The process of selecting communities for the Mexican Migration has traditionally relied on
anthropological methods. Communities are chosen after a personal reconnaissance of the
geographic area to be studied by the principal investigators. Because the project
initially focused on Western Mexico, the traditional heartland for migration to the United
States, practically all of the earliest communities had significant indices of
out-migration, which could easily be detected using field interviews and simple
observations of the frequency of new homes, foreign license plates, currency exchanges,
and international courier services.
</p>
<div>
<p>
Until 2000, we lacked access to a valid measure to indicate the intensity of emigration
from specific municipalities and the only measure indicating migration was the sex
ratio. The only demographic fact regularly considered was the community's sex ratio,
which offer general picture of the intensity of the process of international migration
because in Mexico emigration is so heavily male. After an initial round of fieldwork,
investigators compared their preliminary data with census statistics and formation
available from bibliographic sources. However, the MMP has never explicitly sought to
survey only communities with high rates of out-migration. Investigators simply seek to
corroborate that there is some migration from the community in question before
proceeding. Then they select four specific locations to represent each of four levels of
urbanization:
</p>

<div class="gap-4 px-10 py-6 md:grid-cols-2 md:grid">
<div>
<div class="flex items-center">
<CircleIcon styling="fill-secondary-blue-500" />
<p class="font-semibold px-2">Ranchos</p>
</div>

<p class="italic px-2">fewer than 2,500 inhabitants</p>
</div>
<div>
<div class="flex items-center">
<CircleIcon styling="fill-primary-500" />
<p class="font-semibold px-2">Pueblos (Towns)</p>
</div>

<p class="italic px-2">2,500 to 10,000 inhabitants</p>
</div>
<div>
<div class="flex items-center">
<CircleIcon styling="fill-secondary-brown-500" />
<p class="font-semibold px-2">Mid-sized Cities</p>
</div>

<p class="italic px-2">10,000 to 100,000 inhabitants</p>
</div>
<div>
<div class="flex items-center">
<CircleIcon styling="fill-secondary-blue-700" />
<p class="font-semibold px-2">Large City</p>
</div>

<p class="italic px-2">
usually a particular neighborhood within in a state's capital city
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
In the pueblos and ranchos, investigators conduct a complete census of dwellings and
undertake random selection from the resulting list. In mid-sized cities and urban
metropolises, investigators generally chose a traditional, well-established
neighborhood–one not dominated by recent rural-urban migrants. As a result, the urban
samples are in reality samples of urban neighborhoods or specifically demarcated quarters.
In all cases, the neighborhood must have at least 1,200 enumerated dwellings, from which a
random sample of 200 is taken.
</p>
<p>
The methodology of the MMP thus yields results with a high degree of representativeness at
the community level, and in some of the smaller pueblos and ranchos investigators have
been able to survey every household in the community. Given that the sample is not
targeted to migrants per se, but surveys the community as a whole, the project needs a
fairly large sample size to generate a significant number of migrants. Traditional methods
of cluster sampling generally survey small numbers of respondents across a large number of
areas, but this generally yields small numbers of migrants to study an inability to make
generalizations at the community level. For example, rather than interviewing 20
households in five communities we interview 100 households in one community, thereby
enabling us to make generalizations about migratory processes at the community level. If
the frequency of migration is 30%, on average the surveys would contain only six migrants
in each of the five communities, rather than 30 migrants in one community.
</p>
<p>
At present we are able to draw upon an index of migratory developed for municipalities in
Mexico’s National Population Council (CONAPO) based on the 2000 and 2010 census. This
index provides reliable information about the level of U.S. migration prevailing at the
municipal level and is particularly useful in identifying new communities of origin for
migrants in new sending states, where heretofore little information has been available. In
sum, after 25 years of field experience, the MMP continues to use anthropological criteria
for selecting communities, which are then corroborated with available data from the census
and other sources to confirm the existence of migrants before making the final selection.
</p>
</section>
<section class="space-y-4 readable">
<h2 class="mb-8">Ethnosurvey</h2>
<p>
The Ethnosurvey is eclectic and draws on methods and approaches well-known in sociology,
anthropology, psychology, and education. Its contribution and complexity lies in the way
all these methods are combined within a single study. The main idea for the Ethnosurvey is
“to complement qualitative and quantitative procedures, so one's weakenesses become the
other's strength, yielding a body of data with greater reliability and more internal
validity than is possible to achieve using either method alone.” (Massey 1987).
</p>
<p>
The Ethnosurvey contains a series of tables that are organized around a particular topic,
giving coherence to the “conversation”. It follows a semi structured format to generate an
interview schedule that is flexible, unobtrusive and non-threatening. It requires that
identical information be obtained for each person, but questions, wording and ordering are
not fixed. The precise phrasing and timing of each query is left to the judgment of the
interviewer, depending on circumstances.
</p>
<p>
In addition, the Ethnosurvey is explicitly designed to provide quantitative data for
multi-level analysis by compiling data at the individual, household, and community levels.
Detailed community-level data are compiled at the time of the survey by the fieldwork
supervisor; these data are of great help to interpret the socioeconomic context within
which individuals and households interact (Massey 1987). This small questionnaire is
referred to as the Community Data Inventory.
</p>
</section>
<section class="space-y-4 readable">
<h2 class="mb-8">Interview Process</h2>
<p>
The questionnaires are applied in three phases. In the first phase, basic social and
demographic data are collected from all members of the household. The interview begins by
identifying the household head and systematically enumerating the spouse and children,
beginning with the oldest. All children of the head are listed on the questionnaire
whether or not they live at home, but if a son or daughter is a member of another
household, this fact is recorded. A child is considered to be living in a separate
household if he or she is married, maintains a separate house or kitchen, and organizes
expenses separately. After listing the head, spouse, and children, other household members
are identified and their relationship to the head clarified.
</p>
<div class="space-y-4 px-12">
<div>
<div class="flex items-center mb-2 gap-2">
<CircleIcon width={20} height={20} styling="fill-primary-500" />
<h3 class="text-primary-500 font-semibold">Phase 1</h3>
</div>
<p>
A particularly important task in the first phase of the questionnaire is the
identification of people with prior migrant experience in either the United States or
Mexico. For those individuals with migrant experience the interviewer records the
total number of U.S. trips, as well as information about the first and most recent
U.S. trips, including the year, duration, destination, U.S. occupation, legal status,
and hourly wage. This exercise is then repeated for first and most recent migrations
within Mexico.
</p>
</div>
<div>
<div class="flex items-center gap-2 mb-2">
<CircleIcon width={20} height={20} styling="fill-secondary-blue-500" />
<h3 class="text-secondary-blue-500 font-semibold">Phase 2</h3>
</div>
<p>
The second phase of the ethnosurvey questionnaire compiles a year-by-year life history
for all household heads, including a childbearing history, a property history, a
housing history, a business history, and a labor history. The goal of this phase is to
capture occupational mobility, health status, migration history, and family formation.
</p>
</div>
<div>
<div class="flex items-center gap-2 mb-2">
<CircleIcon width={20} height={20} styling="fill-secondary-brown-500" />
<h3 class="text-secondary-brown-500 font-semibold">Phase 3</h3>
</div>
<p>
The third and final phase of the questionnaire gathers information about the household
head's experiences on his or her most recent trip to the United States, including the
mode of border-crossing, the kind and number of accompanying relatives, the kind and
number of relatives already present in the United States, the number of social ties
that had been formed with U.S. citizens, English language ability, job
characteristics, and use of U.S. social services.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="space-y-8 readable">
<h2 class="mb-8">Data Coding/Weights</h2>
<div class="space-y-4">
<h3 class="font-semibold mb-6">Data Coding and File Construction</h3>
<p>
After the ethnosurvey questionnaires are completed and revised, data are entered in
Mexico. The entry programs perform initial screening, range checks, and simple tests for
logical consistency. The preliminary files are then transferred to Princeton University,
where additional data cleaning is performed, numeric codes are assigned to occupations
and places, and the final data sets are assembled into six primary data files, each
providing a unique perspective of Mexican migrants, their families, and their
experiences. SIX primary files have been created, each corresponding to a different unit
of analysis: PERS, MIG, MIGOTHER, HOUSE, LIFE and SPOUSE. Data at the community level
have been compiled in the file: COMMUN.
</p>
</div>
<div class="space-y-4">
<h3 class="font-semibold mb-6">Weights</h3>
<p>
The MMP database provides community- and sample-specific weights. For each community,
you will see a single weight for all the households in the home country sample and
another weight for all the households in the US sample.
</p>
<p>
When working with pooled data from multiple communities, these weights give you the
option to adjust your estimates in order to take into account the relative sizes of all
the sampling frames. Whether you will need to weight your estimates or not will depend
on what your goal is.
</p>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</div>
</Layout>

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