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+# Regular gitignore entries
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+vendor
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+# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
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+pip-wheel-metadata/
+share/python-wheels/
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+.installed.cfg
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+MANIFEST
+
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+.cache
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+coverage.xml
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+.pytest_cache/
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+# JupyterBook build
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+conf.py
diff --git a/Open-Science-101/CITATION.cff b/Open-Science-101/CITATION.cff
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+cff-version: 1.2.0
+message: "To reference the latest version of the TOPS Open Science 101 curriculum, please cite it as below."
+authors:
+  - name: "NASA TOPS Open Science 101 Curriculum Development Team"
+title: "NASA TOPS Open Science 101."
+version: 1.0.0
+identifiers:
+  - description: The concept DOI for the collection containing all versions of the Citation File Format.
+    type: doi
+    value: "10.5281/zenodo.10161527"
+license: "CC-BY-4.0"
+date-released: "2023-12-06"
+keywords:
+  - training materials
+  - open science
+  - open ethos
+  - open data
+  - open code
+  - open tools
+  - open results
+doi: 10.5281/zenodo.10161527
+references:
+   - type: edited-work
diff --git a/Open-Science-101/LICENSE.md b/Open-Science-101/LICENSE.md
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+This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.
+
+Material that is not under CC-BY license is marked with a license for that material.
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+# OS101 Module 1: The Ethos of Open Science
+
+**Welcome to The Ethos of Open Science**
+
+## About This Module
+
+Welcome to this introductory module on open science. Open Science is the principle and practice of making research products and processes available to all, while respecting diverse cultures, maintaining security and privacy, and fostering collaborations, reproducibility, and equity. In this module, you take a closer look at what open science is, the current landscape as well as the benefits and challenges. You then get a glimpse into the practice of open science including a case study. To start your journey with open science, you are presented with actions that you can take starting today, such as exploring communities that you can engage with.
+
+### Target Audience
+
+This module is for anyone who is interested in open science and would like to learn the benefits and ways to get started today.
+
+### Learning Objectives
+
+After completing this module, you should be able to:
+
+- Explain what open science is, why it's a good thing to do, and list some of the benefits and challenges of open science adoption.
+- Describe the practice of open science, including considerations when writing a management plan and the tasks in the "Use, Make, Share" framework.
+- Evaluate available options when determining whether research products should or should not be open.
+- List ways to connect with others who are part of the open science community.
+
+## Key terms
+
+Select the term to see the description.
+
+**Open Science** – The principle and practice of making research products and processes available to all, while respecting diverse cultures, maintaining security and privacy, and fostering collaborations, reproducibility and equity.
+
+**Open Data** – Data that can be freely used, re-used and redistributed by anyone. Learn more [here](https://opendatahandbook.org/guide/en/what-is-open-data/).
+
+**Open Source** – Computer programs in which the source code is available to the general public for use or modification from its original design. Learn more [here.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source)
+
+**Open Access** – Free access to information and unrestricted use of electronic resources for everyone. Learn more [here.](https://en.unesco.org/open-access/what-open-access)
+
+**Interdisciplinary** – Combining multiple [academic disciplines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_discipline) into one activity, such as a research project. Learn more [here.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdisciplinarity)
+
+**Equitable** – Indicates the absence of unfair, avoidable or remediable differences among groups of people, whether those groups are defined socially, economically, demographically, or geographically or by other dimensions of inequality (e.g. sex, gender, ethnicity, disability, or sexual orientation). Learn more [here.](https://www.who.int/health-topics/health-equity)
+
+**Citizen Science or Community Science** – The practice of public participation and collaboration in scientific research to increase scientific knowledge. Learn more [here.](https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/citizen-science/)
+
+**Open Research** – How research is performed and how knowledge is shared based on the principle that research should be as open as possible. Learn more [here.](https://www.ukri.org/what-we-do/supporting-healthy-research-and-innovation-culture/open-research/)
+
+**Open Scholarship** – An expansive term meant to encompass the rapid and widespread sharing of a range of scholarly activities and outputs across multiple disciplines. Learn more [here.](https://www.heliosopen.org/about)
+
+**Reproducibility and Replicability** – Reproducibility is defined as obtaining consistent results using the same data and code as an original study (synonymous with computational reproducibility). Replicability means obtaining consistent results across studies aimed at answering the same scientific question using new data or other new computational methods. Learn more [here.](https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/2019/09/reproducibility-and-replicability-in-research)
+
+**Peer Review** – The evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work - that is, the authors' peers. Learn more [here.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_review)
+
+**FAIR principles** – Principles to improve the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse of digital assets. The principles emphasize machine- actionability (i.e., the capacity of computational systems to find, access, interoperate, and reuse data with none or minimal human intervention) because humans increasingly rely on computational support to deal with data as a result of the increase in volume, complexity, and creation speed of data.
+
+**Metrics (in context of scientiﬁc merit)** – Quantitative tools used to help assess the quality and impact of research outputs (eg. scientific articles, researchers, and more). Learn more [here](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8397294/) and [here.](https://editorresources.taylorandfrancis.com/understanding-research-metrics/)
+
+**Altmetrics** – Alternative tools to assess the impact of a scientific article that do not involve journal-level usage information like impact factors.
+Learn more [here.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3792863/)
+
+**Openness** – A concept or personality trait that involves transparency, collaboration, honesty, and receptivity to new ideas and experiences.
+
+**Transparency** – The quality of being easy to perceive or detect.
+
+**Rigor** – Widely used by educators to describe instruction, schoolwork, learning experience, and educational expectations that are academically, intellectually, and personally challenging.
+
+**Computational Provenance** - Seeks to develop systematic, computationally-based processes and standards for capturing, and making available for us, information about who created an object, when it was created or modified, and the process or procedure that modified the object.
+
+## Navigation
+
+### [Lesson 1: What is Open Science?](./Lesson_1)
+
+* [Motivation for Open Science](./Lesson_1#motivation-for-open-science)
+* [What is Open Science?](./Lesson_1#what-is-open-science)
+* [Who Does Open Science?](./Lesson_1#who-does-open-science)
+* [Lesson 1: Summary](./Lesson_1#lesson-1-summary)
+* [Lesson 1: Knowledge Check](./Lesson_1#lesson-1-knowledge-check)
+
+### [Lesson 2: Why is Open Science Important?](./Lesson_2)
+
+* [Open Science Breaks Down Stovepipes and Increases Innovation](./Lesson_2#open-science-breaks-down-stovepipes-and-increases-innovation)
+* [Benefits to You](./Lesson_2#benefits-to-you)
+* [Benefits to Science](./Lesson_2#benefits-to-science)
+* [Benefits to Society](./Lesson_2#benefits-to-society)
+* [Lesson 2: Summary](./Lesson_2#lesson-2-summary)
+* [Lesson 2: Knowledge Check](./Lesson_2#lesson-2-knowledge-check)
+
+### [Lesson 3: How to do Open Science](./Lesson_3)
+
+* [Maintaining Security and Protecting Privacy](./Lesson_3#maintaining-security-and-protecting-privacy)
+* [Intellectual Property](./Lesson_3#intellectual-property)
+* [Policies and Practices around Open Science](./Lesson_3#policies-and-practices-around-open-science)
+* [Lesson 3: Summary](./Lesson_3#lesson-3-summary)
+* [Lesson 3: Knowledge Check](./Lesson_3#lesson-3-knowledge-check)
+
+### [Lesson 4: When Not to be Open](./Lesson_4)
+
+* [Common Fears Around Openness](./Lesson_4#common-fears-around-openness)
+* [Misaligned Incentives](./Lesson_4#misaligned-incentives)
+* [Social Barriers](./Lesson_4#social-barriers)
+* [Institutional and Infrastructure Barriers](./Lesson_4#institutional-and-infrastructure-barriers)
+* [Lesson 4: Summary](./Lesson_4#lesson-4-summary)
+* [Lesson 4: Knowledge Check](./Lesson_4#lesson-4-knowledge-check)
+
+### [Lesson 5: Planning for Open Science: From Theory to Practice](./Lesson_5)
+
+* [Planning for Open Science](./Lesson_5#planning-for-open-science)
+* [Designing for Openness](./Lesson_5#designing-for-openness)
+* [Case Study: The Outcomes of an Open Plan](./Lesson_5#case-study-the-outcomes-of-an-open-plan)
+* [Steps to Continue Your Open Science Journey](./Lesson_5#steps-to-continue-your-open-science-journey)
+* [Lesson 5: Summary](./Lesson_5#lesson-5-summary)
+* [Lesson 5: Knowledge Check](./Lesson_5#lesson-5-knowledge-check)
+* [The Ethos of the Open Science Summary](./Lesson_5#the-ethos-of-the-open-science-summary)
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		This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.

		Material that is not under CC-BY license is marked with a license for that material.