LLVM optimizations for PGAS programs
This repository enables an LLVM based compiler to optimize communication for PGAS programs. PGAS is Partitioned Global Address Space. PGAS languages and libraries typically support GET and PUT operations on remote memory. These GET and PUT operations might be supported by hardware and are conceptually similar to load and store - but for memory not local to a machine. Using the software in this repository, the GET and PUT operations will be represented as a kind of load or store so that LLVM optimizations can apply to remove communication.
- cmake
- ninja
- make
- LLVM dependencies (e.g. Python, C++11 compiler, etc)
# Download LLVM 3.7
git clone http://llvm.org/git/llvm.git
pushd llvm
git checkout release_37
mkdir -p build/Release
mkdir -p install
cd build/Release/
cmake ../.. -GNinja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=`pwd`/../../install -DLLVM_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS=ON -DLLVM_INSTALL_UTILS=ON
ninja
ninja install
popd
# Back in the llvm-pgas directory
mkdir -p build
cd build
cmake .. -DLLVM_ROOT=`pwd`/../llvm/install -DLLVM_SRC=`pwd`/../llvm
make
make check
cd ..
Communication optimization within LLVM uses the address space feature of LLVM in order to create a conceptual global address space. In particular, instead of generating a call to the runtime functions to 'put' or 'get', when PGAS LLVM optimizations are enabled, a PGAS language compiler will generate a load, store, or memcpy using an address space 100 pointer. Address space 100 pointers represent global memory - and address space 0 pointers continue to represent local memory. The existing LLVM optimization passes will operate normally on these address space 100 operations. The LLVM documentation describes these optimizations and which are normally run.
Because it may be necessary to build a global pointer or to gather information from it - for example when constructing a global pointer from a node number and a local address, or extracting the node number or the address - the LLVM code generated for PGAS LLVM optimizations can include calls to nonexistent functions to mark these operations:
- .gf.addr extracts an address from a global pointer
- .gf.loc extracts a locale from a global pointer
- .gf.node extracts a node number from a global pointer
- .gf.make constructs a global pointer from a locale and an address
- .gf.g2w converts a global pointer to a wide pointer
- .gf.w2g converts a wide pointer to a global pointer
These functions will be replaced with the usual runtime functions once all global pointers are lowered into wide pointers by the global-to-wide pass.
After the usual LLVM optimization passes run, two PGAS LLVM passes run:
-
aggregate-global-ops bundles together sequences of loads or sequences of stores on adjacent global memory locations into a single memcpy. That way, adjacent loads will generate a single 'get' instead of several 'get' calls. Without this pass, other LLVM passes might change memcpy into several sepaarte loads and stores, for example.
-
global-to-wide converts operations on address space 100 pointers, notably including load, store, memcpy, and memset operations, into calls to the PGAS language runtime. It converts address space 100 pointers into packed pointers and any of the special function calls (e.g. .gf.addr to extract the local address portion of a global pointer) into the usual operations on a packed pointer. In the future, we would like to support converting address space 100 pointers into 128-bit structure-based wide pointers.
These optimizations, as well as other PGAS LLVM optimizations, are described in this paper:
LLVM-based Communication Optimizations for PGAS Programs. Akihiro Hayashi, Jisheng Zhao, Michael Ferguson, Vivek Sarkar. 2nd Workshop on the LLVM Compiler Infrastructure in HPC (LLVM-HPC2), November 2015.