Update prometheus and thanos version to latest main #9201

Job	Run time
lint	15m 43s
test	18m 14s
build	4m 6s
CodeQL	6m 38s
integration-configs-db	2m 8s
integration (requires_docker)	5m 38s
integration (integration_alertmanager)	3m 55s
integration (integration_backward_compatibility)	8m 29s
integration (integration_memberlist)	7m 19s
integration (integration_querier)	11m 55s
integration (integration_ruler)	4m 16s
integration (integration_query_fuzz)	2m 21s
deploy	0s
deploy_website	0s
	1h 30m 42s

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