Fix 24855 - VRP fails to prevent overflow after division

[dkorpel]

Once again (#7317), graciously copying @tgehr's homework from https://github.com/tgehr/d-compiler/blob/master/vrange.d

[dlang-bot]

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Bugzilla references

Auto-close	Bugzilla	Severity	Description
✓	24855	minor	VRP fails to prevent overflow after division

Testing this PR locally

If you don't have a local development environment setup, you can use Digger to test this PR:

dub run digger -- build "master + dmd#17060"