PackageManager: Support directly loading a sub-package via path-based getOrLoadPackage()

[kinke]

To avoid a costly full packages scan to resolve the sub-package later.

[github-actions]

✅ PR OK, no changes in deprecations or warnings

Total deprecations: 8

Total warnings: 0

Build statistics:

 statistics (-before, +after)
-executable size=5297464 bin/dub
+executable size=5301560 bin/dub
 rough build time=64s

Full build output

DUB version 1.38.0, built on Jul  4 2024
LDC - the LLVM D compiler (1.39.0):
  based on DMD v2.109.1 and LLVM 18.1.6
  built with LDC - the LLVM D compiler (1.39.0)
  Default target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  Host CPU: znver3
  http://dlang.org - http://wiki.dlang.org/LDC


  Registered Targets:
    aarch64     - AArch64 (little endian)
    aarch64_32  - AArch64 (little endian ILP32)
    aarch64_be  - AArch64 (big endian)
    amdgcn      - AMD GCN GPUs
    arm         - ARM
    arm64       - ARM64 (little endian)
    arm64_32    - ARM64 (little endian ILP32)
    armeb       - ARM (big endian)
    avr         - Atmel AVR Microcontroller
    bpf         - BPF (host endian)
    bpfeb       - BPF (big endian)
    bpfel       - BPF (little endian)
    hexagon     - Hexagon
    lanai       - Lanai
    loongarch32 - 32-bit LoongArch
    loongarch64 - 64-bit LoongArch
    mips        - MIPS (32-bit big endian)
    mips64      - MIPS (64-bit big endian)
    mips64el    - MIPS (64-bit little endian)
    mipsel      - MIPS (32-bit little endian)
    msp430      - MSP430 [experimental]
    nvptx       - NVIDIA PTX 32-bit
    nvptx64     - NVIDIA PTX 64-bit
    ppc32       - PowerPC 32
    ppc32le     - PowerPC 32 LE
    ppc64       - PowerPC 64
    ppc64le     - PowerPC 64 LE
    r600        - AMD GPUs HD2XXX-HD6XXX
    riscv32     - 32-bit RISC-V
    riscv64     - 64-bit RISC-V
    sparc       - Sparc
    sparcel     - Sparc LE
    sparcv9     - Sparc V9
    spirv       - SPIR-V Logical
    spirv32     - SPIR-V 32-bit
    spirv64     - SPIR-V 64-bit
    systemz     - SystemZ
    thumb       - Thumb
    thumbeb     - Thumb (big endian)
    ve          - VE
    wasm32      - WebAssembly 32-bit
    wasm64      - WebAssembly 64-bit
    x86         - 32-bit X86: Pentium-Pro and above
    x86-64      - 64-bit X86: EM64T and AMD64
    xcore       - XCore
   Upgrading project in /home/runner/work/dub/dub/
    Starting Performing "release" build using /opt/hostedtoolcache/dc/ldc2-1.39.0/x64/ldc2-1.39.0-linux-x86_64/bin/ldc2 for x86_64.
    Building dub 1.39.0-beta.1+commit.25.gb788c728: building configuration [application]
source/dub/internal/dyaml/composer.d(210,43): Deprecation: cannot access overlapped field `Event.implicit` with unsafe bit patterns in `@safe` code
source/dub/internal/dyaml/composer.d(232,43): Deprecation: cannot access overlapped field `Event.implicit` with unsafe bit patterns in `@safe` code
source/dub/internal/dyaml/composer.d(336,43): Deprecation: cannot access overlapped field `Event.implicit` with unsafe bit patterns in `@safe` code
source/dub/internal/dyaml/event.d(196,5): Deprecation: cannot access overlapped field `Event.explicitDocument` with unsafe bit patterns in `@safe` code
source/dub/internal/dyaml/event.d(214,5): Deprecation: cannot access overlapped field `Event.explicitDocument` with unsafe bit patterns in `@safe` code
source/dub/internal/dyaml/event.d(241,5): Deprecation: cannot access overlapped field `Event.implicit` with unsafe bit patterns in `@safe` code
source/dub/internal/dyaml/event.d(148,5): Deprecation: cannot access overlapped field `Event.implicit` with unsafe bit patterns in `@safe` code
source/dub/internal/dyaml/event.d(148,5): Deprecation: cannot access overlapped field `Event.implicit` with unsafe bit patterns in `@safe` code
     Linking dub
STAT:statistics (-before, +after)
STAT:executable size=5301560 bin/dub
STAT:rough build time=64s

[kinke]

I guess the overrides should only apply to base packages as a whole, not on a sub-package basis. I.e., ovr.package_ == name.main.toString().

[kinke]

The breaking API change is in a separate 2nd commit, in case we cannot/don't want to break it.