feat: add ts solution to lc problem: No.0514 (#2273)

No.0514.Freedom Trail

solution/0500-0599/0514.Freedom Trail/README.md

@@ -194,6 +194,40 @@ func abs(x int) int {
 }
 ```
 
+```ts
+function findRotateSteps(ring: string, key: string): number {
+    const m: number = key.length;
+    const n: number = ring.length;
+    const pos: number[][] = Array.from({ length: 26 }, () => []);
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        const j: number = ring.charCodeAt(i) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0);
+        pos[j].push(i);
+    }
+
+    const f: number[][] = Array.from({ length: m }, () => Array(n).fill(1 << 30));
+    for (const j of pos[key.charCodeAt(0) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]) {
+        f[0][j] = Math.min(j, n - j) + 1;
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
+        for (const j of pos[key.charCodeAt(i) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]) {
+            for (const k of pos[key.charCodeAt(i - 1) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]) {
+                f[i][j] = Math.min(
+                    f[i][j],
+                    f[i - 1][k] + Math.min(Math.abs(j - k), n - Math.abs(j - k)) + 1,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let ans: number = 1 << 30;
+    for (const j of pos[key.charCodeAt(m - 1) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]) {
+        ans = Math.min(ans, f[m - 1][j]);
+    }
+    return ans;
+}
+```
+
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 <!-- end -->

solution/0500-0599/0514.Freedom Trail/README_EN.md

@@ -48,7 +48,19 @@ So the final output is 4.
 
 ## Solutions
 
-### Solution 1
+### Solution 1: Dynamic Programming
+
+First, we preprocess the positions of each character $c$ in the string $ring$, and record them in the array $pos[c]$. Suppose the lengths of the strings $key$ and $ring$ are $m$ and $n$, respectively.
+
+Then we define $f[i][j]$ as the minimum number of steps to spell the first $i+1$ characters of the string $key$, and the $j$-th character of $ring$ is aligned with the $12:00$ direction. Initially, $f[i][j]=+\infty$. The answer is $\min_{0 \leq j < n} f[m - 1][j]$.
+
+We can first initialize $f[0][j]$, where $j$ is the position where the character $key[0]$ appears in $ring$. Since the $j$-th character of $ring$ is aligned with the $12:00$ direction, we only need $1$ step to spell $key[0]$. In addition, we need $min(j, n - j)$ steps to rotate $ring$ to the $12:00$ direction. Therefore, $f[0][j]=min(j, n - j) + 1$.
+
+Next, we consider how the state transitions when $i \geq 1$. We can enumerate the position list $pos[key[i]]$ where $key[i]$ appears in $ring$, and enumerate the position list $pos[key[i-1]]$ where $key[i-1]$ appears in $ring$, and then update $f[i][j]$, i.e., $f[i][j]=\min_{k \in pos[key[i-1]]} f[i-1][k] + \min(\text{abs}(j - k), n - \text{abs}(j - k)) + 1$.
+
+Finally, we return $\min_{0 \leq j \lt n} f[m - 1][j]$.
+
+The time complexity is $O(m \times n^2)$, and the space complexity is $O(m \times n)$. Here, $m$ and $n$ are the lengths of the strings $key$ and $ring$, respectively.
 
 <!-- tabs:start -->
 
@@ -174,6 +186,40 @@ func abs(x int) int {
 }
 ```
 
+```ts
+function findRotateSteps(ring: string, key: string): number {
+    const m: number = key.length;
+    const n: number = ring.length;
+    const pos: number[][] = Array.from({ length: 26 }, () => []);
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        const j: number = ring.charCodeAt(i) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0);
+        pos[j].push(i);
+    }
+
+    const f: number[][] = Array.from({ length: m }, () => Array(n).fill(1 << 30));
+    for (const j of pos[key.charCodeAt(0) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]) {
+        f[0][j] = Math.min(j, n - j) + 1;
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
+        for (const j of pos[key.charCodeAt(i) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]) {
+            for (const k of pos[key.charCodeAt(i - 1) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]) {
+                f[i][j] = Math.min(
+                    f[i][j],
+                    f[i - 1][k] + Math.min(Math.abs(j - k), n - Math.abs(j - k)) + 1,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let ans: number = 1 << 30;
+    for (const j of pos[key.charCodeAt(m - 1) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]) {
+        ans = Math.min(ans, f[m - 1][j]);
+    }
+    return ans;
+}
+```
+
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 <!-- end -->

solution/0500-0599/0514.Freedom Trail/Solution.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+function findRotateSteps(ring: string, key: string): number {
+    const m: number = key.length;
+    const n: number = ring.length;
+    const pos: number[][] = Array.from({ length: 26 }, () => []);
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        const j: number = ring.charCodeAt(i) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0);
+        pos[j].push(i);
+    }
+
+    const f: number[][] = Array.from({ length: m }, () => Array(n).fill(1 << 30));
+    for (const j of pos[key.charCodeAt(0) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]) {
+        f[0][j] = Math.min(j, n - j) + 1;
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
+        for (const j of pos[key.charCodeAt(i) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]) {
+            for (const k of pos[key.charCodeAt(i - 1) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]) {
+                f[i][j] = Math.min(
+                    f[i][j],
+                    f[i - 1][k] + Math.min(Math.abs(j - k), n - Math.abs(j - k)) + 1,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let ans: number = 1 << 30;
+    for (const j of pos[key.charCodeAt(m - 1) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0)]) {
+        ans = Math.min(ans, f[m - 1][j]);
+    }
+    return ans;
+}