Modify the metaclasses to ensure compatibility with Python 3.13 and e…

…arlier versions. (#636)

* Update `python-version`s in the CI pipeline.

* Update `_make_safearray_type`.

* Add early returns with `self`
to `_coclass_meta.__new__`.

* Add early returns with `self`
to `_cominterface_meta.__new__`.

.github/workflows/autotest.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [windows-latest]
-        python-version: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
+        python-version: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13']
         architecture: ['x86', 'x64']
         npsupport: ['with npsupport', 'without npsupport']
     steps:
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [windows-latest, windows-2019]
-        python-version: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
+        python-version: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13']
         architecture: ['x86', 'x64']
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4

comtypes/_meta.py

@@ -61,6 +61,18 @@ def __new__(cls, name, bases, namespace):
         if "_reg_clsid_" in namespace:
             clsid = namespace["_reg_clsid_"]
             comtypes.com_coclass_registry[str(clsid)] = self
+
+        # `_coclass_pointer_meta` is a subclass inherited from `_coclass_meta`.
+        # In other words, when the `__new__` method of this metaclass is called, an
+        # instance of `_coclass_pointer_meta` might be created and assigned to `self`.
+        if isinstance(self, _coclass_pointer_meta):
+            # `self` is the `_coclass_pointer_meta` type or a `POINTER(coclass)` type.
+            # Prevent creating/registering a pointer to a pointer (to a pointer...),
+            # or specifying the metaclass type instance in the `bases` parameter when
+            # instantiating it, which would lead to infinite recursion.
+            # Depending on a version or revision of Python, this may be essential.
+            return self
+
         PTR = _coclass_pointer_meta(
             f"POINTER({self.__name__})",
             (self, c_void_p),

comtypes/_post_coinit/unknwn.py

@@ -76,6 +76,31 @@ def __new__(cls, name, bases, namespace):
         if dispmethods is not None:
             self._disp_methods_ = dispmethods
 
+        # ` _compointer_meta` is a subclass inherited from `_cominterface_meta`.
+        # `_compointer_base` uses `_compointer_meta` as its metaclass.
+        # In other words, when the `__new__` method of this metaclass is called,
+        # `_compointer_base` type or an subclass of it might be created and assigned
+        # to `self`.
+        if bases == (c_void_p,):
+            # `self` is the `_compointer_base` type.
+            # On some versions of Python, `_compointer_base` is not yet available in
+            # the accessible namespace at this point in its initialization, and
+            # referencing it could raise a `NameError`.
+            # This metaclass is intended to be used only as a base class for defining
+            # the `_compointer_meta` or as the metaclass for the `IUnknown`, so the
+            # situation where the `bases` parameter is `(c_void_p,)` is limited to when
+            # the `_compointer_meta` is specified as the metaclass of the
+            # `_compointer_base`.
+            # Prevent specifying the metaclass type instance in the `bases` parameter
+            # when instantiating it, as this would lead to infinite recursion.
+            return self
+        if issubclass(self, _compointer_base):
+            # `self` is a `POINTER(interface)` type.
+            # Prevent creating/registering a pointer to a pointer (to a pointer...),
+            # which would lead to infinite recursion.
+            # Depending on a version or revision of Python, this may be essential.
+            return self
+
         # If we sublass a COM interface, for example:
         #
         # class IDispatch(IUnknown):

comtypes/safearray.py

@@ -81,9 +81,7 @@ def _make_safearray_type(itemtype):
     )
 
     meta = type(_safearray.tagSAFEARRAY)
-    sa_type = meta.__new__(
-        meta, "SAFEARRAY_%s" % itemtype.__name__, (_safearray.tagSAFEARRAY,), {}
-    )
+    sa_type = meta(f"SAFEARRAY_{itemtype.__name__}", (_safearray.tagSAFEARRAY,), {})
 
     try:
         vartype = _ctype_to_vartype[itemtype]