cmake: upgrade to Conan 2 (#2318)

[battlmonstr]

extras

• refactor compiler_install.sh
• reduce verbosity of cmake configuration output

performance

"light" workflow jobs build time of conan (cmake configuration command):

gcc (linux-gcc-12-release) - no conan cache
- conan 1 - 2,6 min
- conan 2 - 2,5 min
clang (linux-clang-16-release) - no conan cache
- conan 1 - 3 min
- conan 2 - 13 min

gcc (linux-gcc-12-release) - with conan cache
- conan 1 - 0,3 min
- conan 2 - 0,23 min
clang (linux-clang-16-release) - with conan cache
- conan 1 - 0,25  min
- conan 2 - 0,22  min

conan 2 has no clang binaries for Linux, so the first build on clang has to build everything from source. That takes 10 min longer compared to conan 1 where we build only 2-3 libs from source. It is cached and then the build time is about equal.

[battlmonstr]

conan-io/conan#16239
conan-io/conan#16897
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/overview/compiler-versions?view=msvc-170

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 50.88%. Comparing base (7923eb4) to head (51f164f).
Report is 10 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master    #2607   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   50.87%   50.88%           
=======================================
  Files         775      775           
  Lines       52284    52284           
  Branches     8112     8112           
=======================================
+ Hits        26601    26605    +4     
+ Misses      23358    23356    -2     
+ Partials     2325     2323    -2     

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[canepat]

Great work!