[2.7] Add `Utils::redactUserInfo()` method #574

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Job	Run time
Build (7.2)	9s
Build (7.3)	8s
Build lowest version	10s
Build (7.4)	14s
Build (8.0)	9s
Build (8.1)	9s
Build (8.2)	9s
Build (8.3)	12s
Build (8.4)	13s
	1m 33s