Added scale parameter to HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase

modules/thermal_hydraulics/doc/content/source/components/HSBoundaryAmbientConvection.md

@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ The parameter [!param](/Components/HSBoundaryAmbientConvection/T_ambient) gives
 [!param](/Components/HSBoundaryAmbientConvection/htc_ambient) gives the heat transfer coefficient $\mathcal{H}$.
 
 The parameter [!param](/Components/HSBoundaryAmbientConvection/scale) specifies
-the name of a [functor](Functors/index.md) $f$ that can scale the boundary conditions.
+the name of a [functor](Functors/index.md) $f$ that can scale the boundary conditions, for
+example, a functor material property created with [FinEnhancementFactorFunctorMaterial.md]
+for heat transfer enhancement due to fins.
 
 !syntax parameters /Components/HSBoundaryAmbientConvection
 

modules/thermal_hydraulics/doc/content/source/components/HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase.md

@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@ side of the connected heat structure that is coupled to the flow channel.
 The flow channel axis must be parallel to the heat structure axis and have
 the same discretization along their axes.
 
+The parameter [!param](/Components/HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase/scale) specifies
+the name of a [functor](Functors/index.md) $f$ that can scale the heat flux, for
+example, a functor material property created with [FinEnhancementFactorFunctorMaterial.md]
+for heat transfer enhancement due to fins.
+
 !syntax parameters /Components/HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
 
 ## Formulation
@@ -30,15 +35,15 @@ and heat structure, with the flow channel receiving the following wall heat
 flux:
 
 !equation
-q_\text{wall} = \mathcal{H}(T_s - T) \eqc
+q_\text{wall} = f \mathcal{H}(T_s - T) \eqc
 
 where $\mathcal{H}$ is the heat transfer coefficient, $T_s$ is the heat
-structure surface temperature, and $T$ is the fluid temperature. On the heat
+structure surface temperature, $T$ is the fluid temperature, and $f$ is an optional scaling factor. On the heat
 structure side, the incoming boundary flux is the opposite of that going into
 the flow channel:
 
 !equation
-q_b = -q_\text{wall} = \mathcal{H}(T - T_s) \eqp
+q_b = -q_\text{wall} = f \mathcal{H}(T - T_s) \eqp
 
 !syntax inputs /Components/HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
 

modules/thermal_hydraulics/include/userobjects/ADHeatFluxFromHeatStructure3EqnUserObject.h

@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ class ADHeatFluxFromHeatStructure3EqnUserObject : public ADHeatFluxFromHeatStruc
   const ADMaterialProperty<Real> & _Hw;
   const ADMaterialProperty<Real> & _T;
 
+  /// Functor by which to scale the heat flux
+  const Moose::Functor<ADReal> & _scale;
+
 public:
   static InputParameters validParams();
 };

modules/thermal_hydraulics/include/userobjects/FlowChannelHeatStructureCouplerUserObject.h

@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@
 
 #include "ElementUserObject.h"
 #include "MeshAlignment.h"
+#include "ADFunctorInterface.h"
 
 /**
  * Base class for caching quantities computed between flow channels and heat structures.
  */
-class FlowChannelHeatStructureCouplerUserObject : public ElementUserObject
+class FlowChannelHeatStructureCouplerUserObject : public ElementUserObject,
+                                                  public ADFunctorInterface
 {
 public:
   FlowChannelHeatStructureCouplerUserObject(const InputParameters & parameters);

modules/thermal_hydraulics/src/components/HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase.C

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase::validParams()
   InputParameters params = HeatTransferFromTemperature1Phase::validParams();
   params += HSBoundaryInterface::validParams();
 
+  params.addParam<MooseFunctorName>("scale", 1.0, "Functor by which to scale the heat flux");
+
   params.addClassDescription("Connects a 1-phase flow channel and a heat structure");
 
   return params;
@@ -143,6 +145,7 @@ HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase::addMooseObjects()
     params.set<std::vector<VariableName>>("P_hf") = {_P_hf_name};
     params.set<MaterialPropertyName>("Hw") = _Hw_1phase_name;
     params.set<MaterialPropertyName>("T") = FlowModelSinglePhase::TEMPERATURE;
+    params.set<MooseFunctorName>("scale") = getParam<MooseFunctorName>("scale");
     params.set<ExecFlagEnum>("execute_on") = execute_on;
     getTHMProblem().addUserObject(class_name, heat_flux_uo_name, params);
   }

modules/thermal_hydraulics/src/userobjects/ADHeatFluxFromHeatStructure3EqnUserObject.C

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ ADHeatFluxFromHeatStructure3EqnUserObject::validParams()
   params.addRequiredParam<MaterialPropertyName>("T_wall", "Wall temperature");
   params.addRequiredParam<MaterialPropertyName>("T", "Fluid temperature");
   params.addRequiredParam<MaterialPropertyName>("Hw", "Convective heat transfer coefficient");
+  params.addParam<MooseFunctorName>("scale", 1.0, "Functor by which to scale the heat flux");
   params.addClassDescription(
       "Cache the heat flux between a single phase flow channel and a heat structure");
   return params;
@@ -28,12 +29,14 @@ ADHeatFluxFromHeatStructure3EqnUserObject::ADHeatFluxFromHeatStructure3EqnUserOb
   : ADHeatFluxFromHeatStructureBaseUserObject(parameters),
     _T_wall(getADMaterialProperty<Real>("T_wall")),
     _Hw(getADMaterialProperty<Real>("Hw")),
-    _T(getADMaterialProperty<Real>("T"))
+    _T(getADMaterialProperty<Real>("T")),
+    _scale(getFunctor<ADReal>("scale"))
 {
 }
 
 ADReal
 ADHeatFluxFromHeatStructure3EqnUserObject::computeQpHeatFlux()
 {
-  return _Hw[_qp] * (_T_wall[_qp] - _T[_qp]);
+  const Moose::ElemQpArg space_arg = {_current_elem, _qp, _qrule, _q_point[_qp]};
+  return _Hw[_qp] * (_T_wall[_qp] - _T[_qp]) * _scale(space_arg, Moose::currentState());
 }

modules/thermal_hydraulics/src/userobjects/FlowChannelHeatStructureCouplerUserObject.C

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ InputParameters
 FlowChannelHeatStructureCouplerUserObject::validParams()
 {
   InputParameters params = ElementUserObject::validParams();
+  params += ADFunctorInterface::validParams();
   params.addRequiredParam<MeshAlignment *>("_mesh_alignment", "Mesh alignment object");
   params.addClassDescription(
       "Base class for caching quantities computed between flow channels and heat structures.");
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ FlowChannelHeatStructureCouplerUserObject::validParams()
 FlowChannelHeatStructureCouplerUserObject::FlowChannelHeatStructureCouplerUserObject(
     const InputParameters & parameters)
   : ElementUserObject(parameters),
+    ADFunctorInterface(this),
     _fc_elem_id(0),
     _hs_elem_id(0),
     _fc_qp(0),

modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/fin_enhancement.i

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+# This test has 2 pipes, each surrounded by a cylindrical HS:
+#
+#   - pipe1: no fin heat transfer enhancement
+#   - pipe2: fin heat transfer enhancement
+
+diam = 0.01
+area = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * diam^2}
+
+length = 1.0
+n_elems = 10
+
+t_hs = 0.02
+n_elems_radial = 5
+
+rho_inlet = 1359.792245 # @ T = 300 K, p = 1e5 Pa
+vel_inlet = 1.0
+T_inlet = 300
+p_outlet = 1e5
+T_initial_hs = 800
+mfr_inlet = ${fparse rho_inlet * vel_inlet * area}
+
+htc = 100
+
+# Suppose that there are 20 rectangular, 1-mm-thick fins of height 1 mm over the length
+# of the cooled section.
+n_fin = 20
+h_fin = 0.001
+t_fin = 0.001
+A_fin_single = ${fparse (2 * h_fin + t_fin ) * length}
+A_fin = ${fparse n_fin * A_fin_single}
+A_cooled = ${fparse pi * diam * length}
+A_total = ${fparse A_fin + A_cooled - n_fin * t_fin * length}
+fin_area_fraction = ${fparse A_fin / A_total}
+area_increase_factor = ${fparse A_total / A_cooled}
+fin_perimeter_area_ratio = ${fparse (2 * length + 2 * t_fin) / (length * t_fin)}
+
+k_fin = 15.0
+
+[FluidProperties]
+  [fp]
+    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
+    gamma = 2.35
+    q = -1167e3
+    q_prime = 0
+    p_inf = 1e9
+    cv = 1816
+  []
+[]
+
+[Closures]
+  [simple_closures]
+    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
+  []
+[]
+
+[SolidProperties]
+  [sp_ss316]
+    type = ThermalSS316Properties
+  []
+[]
+
+[FunctorMaterials]
+  [fin_efficiency_fmat]
+    type = FinEfficiencyFunctorMaterial
+    fin_height = ${h_fin}
+    fin_perimeter_area_ratio = ${fparse fin_perimeter_area_ratio}
+    heat_transfer_coefficient = ${htc}
+    thermal_conductivity = ${k_fin}
+    fin_efficiency_name = fin_efficiency
+  []
+  [fin_enhancement_fmat]
+    type = FinEnhancementFactorFunctorMaterial
+    fin_efficiency = fin_efficiency
+    fin_area_fraction = ${fin_area_fraction}
+    area_increase_factor = ${area_increase_factor}
+    fin_enhancement_factor_name = fin_enhancement
+  []
+[]
+
+[Components]
+  # pipe1
+
+  [pipe1_inlet]
+    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
+    m_dot = ${mfr_inlet}
+    T = ${T_inlet}
+    input = 'pipe1:in'
+  []
+  [pipe1]
+    type = FlowChannel1Phase
+    gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
+    position = '0 0 0'
+    orientation = '0 0 1'
+    length = ${length}
+    n_elems = ${n_elems}
+    A = ${area}
+    initial_T = ${T_inlet}
+    initial_p = ${p_outlet}
+    initial_vel = ${vel_inlet}
+    fp = fp
+    closures = simple_closures
+    f = 0
+    scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
+  []
+  [pipe1_outlet]
+    type = Outlet1Phase
+    p = ${p_outlet}
+    input = 'pipe1:out'
+  []
+  [ht1]
+    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
+    flow_channel = pipe1
+    hs = hs1
+    hs_side = inner
+    Hw = ${htc}
+  []
+  [hs1]
+    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
+    position = '0 0 0'
+    orientation = '0 0 1'
+    length = ${length}
+    n_elems = ${n_elems}
+    inner_radius = ${fparse 0.5 * diam}
+    names = 'main'
+    solid_properties = 'sp_ss316'
+    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
+    widths = '${t_hs}'
+    n_part_elems = '${n_elems_radial}'
+    initial_T = ${T_initial_hs}
+    scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-5
+  []
+
+  # pipe 2
+
+  [pipe2_inlet]
+    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
+    m_dot = ${mfr_inlet}
+    T = ${T_inlet}
+    input = 'pipe2:in'
+  []
+  [pipe2]
+    type = FlowChannel1Phase
+    gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
+    position = '0 0.5 0'
+    orientation = '0 0 1'
+    length = ${length}
+    n_elems = ${n_elems}
+    A = ${area}
+    initial_T = ${T_inlet}
+    initial_p = ${p_outlet}
+    initial_vel = ${vel_inlet}
+    fp = fp
+    closures = simple_closures
+    f = 0
+    scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
+  []
+  [pipe2_outlet]
+    type = Outlet1Phase
+    p = ${p_outlet}
+    input = 'pipe2:out'
+  []
+  [ht2]
+    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
+    flow_channel = pipe2
+    hs = hs2
+    hs_side = inner
+    Hw = ${htc}
+    scale = fin_enhancement
+  []
+  [hs2]
+    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
+    position = '0 0.5 0'
+    orientation = '0 0 1'
+    length = ${length}
+    n_elems = ${n_elems}
+    inner_radius = ${fparse 0.5 * diam}
+    names = 'main'
+    solid_properties = 'sp_ss316'
+    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
+    widths = '${t_hs}'
+    n_part_elems = '${n_elems_radial}'
+    initial_T = ${T_initial_hs}
+    scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-5
+  []
+[]
+
+[Postprocessors]
+  [pipe1_T_avg]
+    type = ElementAverageValue
+    variable = T
+    block = 'pipe1'
+    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
+  []
+  [pipe2_T_avg]
+    type = ElementAverageValue
+    variable = T
+    block = 'pipe2'
+    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
+  []
+
+  [hs1_T_avg]
+    type = SideAverageValue
+    variable = T_solid
+    boundary = 'hs1:inner'
+    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
+  []
+  [hs2_T_avg]
+    type = SideAverageValue
+    variable = T_solid
+    boundary = 'hs2:inner'
+    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
+  []
+[]
+
+[Preconditioning]
+  [pc]
+    type = SMP
+    full = true
+  []
+[]
+
+[Executioner]
+  type = Transient
+  scheme = 'bdf2'
+
+  end_time = 10.0
+  dt = 1.0
+
+  solve_type = NEWTON
+  nl_rel_tol = 0
+  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
+  nl_max_its = 15
+
+  l_tol = 1e-3
+  l_max_its = 10
+[]
+
+[Outputs]
+  csv = true
+[]

modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/gold/fin_enhancement_out.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+time,hs1_T_avg,hs2_T_avg,pipe1_T_avg,pipe2_T_avg
+0,800,800,300,300
+1,796.72027289917,792.64935813428,301.31617250519,302.94516242609
+2,794.69166436377,788.135459307,301.85991116439,304.1516529957
+3,793.45033687317,785.39526446055,301.93833543943,304.30895984674
+4,792.57973655753,783.48384183056,301.89517128134,304.19899179588
+5,791.88836565408,781.97071598749,301.86391390055,304.12099654351
+6,791.3019994347,780.69049835119,301.85504385904,304.09522697609
+7,790.78896970435,779.57285794509,301.85392032277,304.08744860216
+8,790.33185491519,778.57901794532,301.85317904221,304.08098041844
+9,789.91907595949,777.68318259154,301.85182073494,304.07360162723
+10,789.54231108575,776.86683869353,301.85032225901,304.06632651112

modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/tests

@@ -108,6 +108,13 @@
     requirement = "The system shall conserve energy after reaching steady-state when a flow channel is coupled to a heat structure."
     issues = '#19754'
   []
+  [fin_enhancement]
+    type = CSVDiff
+    input = 'fin_enhancement.i'
+    csvdiff = 'fin_enhancement_out.csv'
+    requirement = 'The system shall be able to enhance heat transfer between a flow channel and heat structure using fins.'
+    issues = '#25275'
+  []
 
   # Error checking
   [err:not_a_pipe]