Merge pull request #242 from nickdrozd/algebra

Add Algebra interfaces and laws

libs/contrib/Control/Algebra.idr

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+module Control.Algebra
+
+infixl 6 <->
+infixl 7 <.>
+
+public export
+interface Semigroup ty => SemigroupV ty where
+  semigroupOpIsAssociative : (l, c, r : ty) ->
+    l <+> (c <+> r) = (l <+> c) <+> r
+
+public export
+interface (Monoid ty, SemigroupV ty) => MonoidV ty where
+  monoidNeutralIsNeutralL : (l : ty) -> l <+> neutral {ty} = l
+  monoidNeutralIsNeutralR : (r : ty) -> neutral {ty} <+> r = r
+
+||| Sets equipped with a single binary operation that is associative,
+||| along with a neutral element for that binary operation and
+||| inverses for all elements. Satisfies the following laws:
+|||
+||| + Associativity of `<+>`:
+|||     forall a b c, a <+> (b <+> c) == (a <+> b) <+> c
+||| + Neutral for `<+>`:
+|||     forall a,     a <+> neutral   == a
+|||     forall a,     neutral <+> a   == a
+||| + Inverse for `<+>`:
+|||     forall a,     a <+> inverse a == neutral
+|||     forall a,     inverse a <+> a == neutral
+public export
+interface MonoidV ty => Group ty where
+  inverse : ty -> ty
+
+  groupInverseIsInverseR : (r : ty) -> inverse r <+> r = neutral {ty}
+
+(<->) : Group ty => ty -> ty -> ty
+(<->) left right = left <+> (inverse right)
+
+||| Sets equipped with a single binary operation that is associative
+||| and commutative, along with a neutral element for that binary
+||| operation and inverses for all elements. Satisfies the following
+||| laws:
+|||
+||| + Associativity of `<+>`:
+|||     forall a b c, a <+> (b <+> c) == (a <+> b) <+> c
+||| + Commutativity of `<+>`:
+|||     forall a b,   a <+> b         == b <+> a
+||| + Neutral for `<+>`:
+|||     forall a,     a <+> neutral   == a
+|||     forall a,     neutral <+> a   == a
+||| + Inverse for `<+>`:
+|||     forall a,     a <+> inverse a == neutral
+|||     forall a,     inverse a <+> a == neutral
+public export
+interface Group ty => AbelianGroup ty where
+  groupOpIsCommutative : (l, r : ty) -> l <+> r = r <+> l
+
+||| A homomorphism is a mapping that preserves group structure.
+public export
+interface (Group a, Group b) => GroupHomomorphism a b where
+  to : a -> b
+
+  toGroup : (x, y : a) ->
+    to (x <+> y) = (to x) <+> (to y)
+
+||| Sets equipped with two binary operations, one associative and
+||| commutative supplied with a neutral element, and the other
+||| associative, with distributivity laws relating the two operations.
+||| Satisfies the following laws:
+|||
+||| + Associativity of `<+>`:
+|||     forall a b c, a <+> (b <+> c) == (a <+> b) <+> c
+||| + Commutativity of `<+>`:
+|||     forall a b,   a <+> b         == b <+> a
+||| + Neutral for `<+>`:
+|||     forall a,     a <+> neutral   == a
+|||     forall a,     neutral <+> a   == a
+||| + Inverse for `<+>`:
+|||     forall a,     a <+> inverse a == neutral
+|||     forall a,     inverse a <+> a == neutral
+||| + Associativity of `<.>`:
+|||     forall a b c, a <.> (b <.> c) == (a <.> b) <.> c
+||| + Distributivity of `<.>` and `<+>`:
+|||     forall a b c, a <.> (b <+> c) == (a <.> b) <+> (a <.> c)
+|||     forall a b c, (a <+> b) <.> c == (a <.> c) <+> (b <.> c)
+public export
+interface Group ty => Ring ty where
+  (<.>) : ty -> ty -> ty
+
+  ringOpIsAssociative   : (l, c, r : ty) ->
+    l <.> (c <.> r) = (l <.> c) <.> r
+  ringOpIsDistributiveL : (l, c, r : ty) ->
+    l <.> (c <+> r) = (l <.> c) <+> (l <.> r)
+  ringOpIsDistributiveR : (l, c, r : ty) ->
+    (l <+> c) <.> r = (l <.> r) <+> (c <.> r)
+
+||| Sets equipped with two binary operations, one associative and
+||| commutative supplied with a neutral element, and the other
+||| associative supplied with a neutral element, with distributivity
+||| laws relating the two operations. Satisfies the following laws:
+|||
+||| +  Associativity of `<+>`:
+|||     forall a b c, a <+> (b <+> c) == (a <+> b) <+> c
+||| + Commutativity of `<+>`:
+|||     forall a b,   a <+> b         == b <+> a
+||| + Neutral for `<+>`:
+|||     forall a,     a <+> neutral   == a
+|||     forall a,     neutral <+> a   == a
+||| + Inverse for `<+>`:
+|||     forall a,     a <+> inverse a == neutral
+|||     forall a,     inverse a <+> a == neutral
+||| + Associativity of `<.>`:
+|||     forall a b c, a <.> (b <.> c) == (a <.> b) <.> c
+||| + Neutral for `<.>`:
+|||     forall a,     a <.> unity     == a
+|||     forall a,     unity <.> a     == a
+||| + Distributivity of `<.>` and `<+>`:
+|||     forall a b c, a <.> (b <+> c) == (a <.> b) <+> (a <.> c)
+|||     forall a b c, (a <+> b) <.> c == (a <.> c) <+> (b <.> c)
+public export
+interface Ring ty => RingWithUnity ty where
+  unity : ty
+
+  unityIsRingIdL : (l : ty) -> l <.> unity = l
+  unityIsRingIdR : (r : ty) -> unity <.> r = r
+
+||| Sets equipped with two binary operations – both associative,
+||| commutative and possessing a neutral element – and distributivity
+||| laws relating the two operations. All elements except the additive
+||| identity should have a multiplicative inverse. Should (but may
+||| not) satisfy the following laws:
+|||
+||| + Associativity of `<+>`:
+|||     forall a b c, a <+> (b <+> c) == (a <+> b) <+> c
+||| + Commutativity of `<+>`:
+|||     forall a b,   a <+> b         == b <+> a
+||| + Neutral for `<+>`:
+|||     forall a,     a <+> neutral   == a
+|||     forall a,     neutral <+> a   == a
+||| + Inverse for `<+>`:
+|||     forall a,     a <+> inverse a == neutral
+|||     forall a,     inverse a <+> a == neutral
+||| + Associativity of `<.>`:
+|||     forall a b c, a <.> (b <.> c) == (a <.> b) <.> c
+||| + Unity for `<.>`:
+|||     forall a,     a <.> unity     == a
+|||     forall a,     unity <.> a     == a
+||| + InverseM of `<.>`, except for neutral
+|||     forall a /= neutral,  a <.> inverseM a == unity
+|||     forall a /= neutral,  inverseM a <.> a == unity
+||| + Distributivity of `<.>` and `<+>`:
+|||     forall a b c, a <.> (b <+> c) == (a <.> b) <+> (a <.> c)
+|||     forall a b c, (a <+> b) <.> c == (a <.> c) <+> (b <.> c)
+public export
+interface RingWithUnity ty => Field ty where
+  inverseM : (x : ty) -> Not (x = neutral {ty}) -> ty