chore: adds python to examples along with READMEs

examples/go/README.md

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+# Go Example
+
+This is an example Go CLI application that prints `"Hello, [name]"` to the screen.
+It's configured to be released as both a standalone binary and as a container.
+Additionally, it produces artifacts for both x86 and ARM variants of Linux/macOS.

examples/python/.python-version

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+3.12

examples/python/README.md

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+# Python Example
+
+This is an example Python CLI application that prints `"Hello, [name]"` to the screen.
+Unlike other examples, this one does not include an existing `Earthfile` or `blueprint.cue`.
+It is intended to be used as the starting point for learning about Catalyst Forge.

examples/python/pyproject.toml

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+[project]
+name = "hello"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = "A simple hello world CLI"
+readme = "README.md"
+requires-python = ">=3.12"
+dependencies = [
+    "click>=8.1.7",
+]
+
+[project.scripts]
+hello = "hello.hello:cli"
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["hatchling"]
+build-backend = "hatchling.build"
+
+[tool.hatch.build.targets.wheel]
+packages = ["src/hello"]
+
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+dev = [
+    "black>=24.8.0",
+    "pytest>=8.3.3",
+    "ruff>=0.6.5",
+]

examples/python/src/hello/hello.py

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+import click
+
+
+def hello(name: str = "World") -> str:
+    return f"Hello, {name}!"
+
+
+@click.command()
+@click.argument("name", required=False, default="World")
+def cli(name):
+    click.echo(hello(name))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    cli()

examples/python/tests/hello_test.py

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+from hello.hello import hello
+
+
+def test_hello():
+    assert hello("Alice") == "Hello, Alice!"
+    assert hello() == "Hello, World!"
+

examples/rust/README.md

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+# Rust Example
+
+This is an example Rust CLI application that prints `"Hello, [name]"` to the screen.
+It's configured to be released as both a standalone binary and as a container.
+Additionally, it produces artifacts for both x86 and ARM variants of Linux.