✨ Automate go patching version bump

[pravarag]

What this PR does / why we need it:
Bumps go patch version automatically based on a weekly schedule.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes (optional, in fixes #<issue number>(, fixes #<issue_number>, ...) format, will close the issue(s) when PR gets merged):
Fixes #11224

/area ci

[k8s-ci-robot]

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[pravarag]

/area ci

[k8s-ci-robot]

@pravarag: The following tests failed, say /retest to rerun all failed tests or /retest-required to rerun all mandatory failed tests:

Test name	Commit	Details	Required	Rerun command
pull-cluster-api-test-main	b615f85	link	true	/test pull-cluster-api-test-main
pull-cluster-api-apidiff-main	b615f85	link	false	/test pull-cluster-api-apidiff-main
pull-cluster-api-e2e-blocking-main	b615f85	link	true	/test pull-cluster-api-e2e-blocking-main

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[pravarag]

I've tested the changes by running across my fork for the mentioned branch with a manual run (on Push) and it seems to work fine. More details as below:

• GH actions link: https://github.com/pravarag/cluster-api/actions/runs/11669877040/job/32492841347
• The PR it creates: Bump to Go patch version 1.23.2 pravarag/cluster-api#2