This Express boilerplate for building RESTful APIs and microservices using Node.js, Express and MongoDB
- GIT
- Node (or Docker and Docker Compose)
Notes: You can skip installing Docker Compose as it is already included along with Docker Desktop for Windows.
- First, fork this repository and clone it to your local machine (replace
YOUR_USERNAMEwith your Github account's username).
$ git clone https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/express_boilerplate.git
$ cd express_boilerplate- Then, run the following command to install dependencies and go grab a cup of water 🥤 while waiting for it to finish (it will take a few minutes):
$ npm install- Once the command finishes, run this command to se environment variables:
$ cp env .env
# open .env and modify the environment variables (if needed)- Running Locally
$ npm run dev- Running in Production
$ npm startsrc\
|--configs\ # Environment variables and configuration related things
|--constants # Const variables which can be used in the whole project
|--controllers\ # Route controllers (controller layer)
|--daos\ # Data access object
|--errors\ # Custom error handling
|--middlewares\ # Custom express middlewares
|--models\ # Mongoose models (data layer)
|--routes\ # Routes
|--services\ # Business logic (service layer)
|--utils\ # Utility classes and functions
|--validations\ # Request data validation schemas
|--index.js # App entry point
The config folder defines the environment variables for the project e.g. PORT, API Keys, database string connections etc. This could be load from .env file, however, I like to add an extra step, I use an object to store the variables.
Configs which are common in whole project should be defined in configs/index.js. Different modules in project should have self-contained config files. While creating new config files, in the mind that self-contained config files will help in scaling the application as well as make it more maintainable.
The constants folder defines the const variables for the project e.g. ROLE.
DO NOT include sensitive information like credentials of database in the constants, they should be defined in the .env file which is explained.
Constants which are common in whole project should be defined in constants/index.js. Constants which are specific for modules should be defined in self-contained constant files.
The models define the structure of database. Each model should write into own file e.g. User model in models/user.js. Check the documentation for more details on how to write mongo schema.
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const userSchema = new mongoose.Schema(
{
name: String,
email: String,
password: String,
},
{
timestamps: true,
versionKey: false,
},
);
module.exports = mongoose.model('User', userSchema);The daos folder define the functions you can use to manipulate the data. All the CRUD operations for models are taken care of in this folder. This directory makes unit testing easier when you need to test a database query, you just need to test at the dao.
The services folder contain all the business logic of your application. For example, logic that encapsulates your business requirements, calls your dao, calls APIs external to the Node application. And in general, contains most of your algorithmic code.
The controllers folder contains controller files which control the service calls and take the request and send the response as well.
DO NOT put your business logic inside the controllers.
When you put your business logic inside the controllers, unit testing becomes difficult. For example, you want to test a service, instead of just caring what the input includes variables, what the expect output, you must care the body, header and params.
The routes folder contain route files, where Routing refers to how an application’s endpoints (URIs) respond to client requests. It basically defines your app routes.
The project has a centralized error handling mechanism.
The error handling sends an error response, which has the following format:
{
"code": 1001,
"message": "User is not found"
}The app has a CustomError class to which you can attach a response code and a message, and then throw it from anywhere.
For example, if you are trying to get a user from the DB who is not found, and you want to send a 1001 error, the code should look something like:
const CustomError = require('../errors/CustomError');
const errorCodes = require('../errors/code');
const userDao = require('../daos/user');
const getUser = async (email) => {
const user = await userDao.findUser({ email });
if (!user) throw new CustomError(errorCodes.USER_NOT_FOUND);
};The middlewares folder contains any common functions that are needed across routes. All the middlewares should be a function which takes either (req, res, next) or (err, req, res, next) as argument.
Example: To require authentication for certain routes, you can use the auth middleware.
const router = require('express').Router();
const asyncMiddleware = require('../middlewares/async');
const { auth } = require('../middlewares/auth');quire('../controllers/auth');
/* eslint-disable prettier/prettier */
router.get('/auths/verify', auth, asyncMiddleware(authController.verifyAccessToken));
/* eslint-enable prettier/prettier */
module.exports = router;These routes require a valid JWT access token in the Authorization request header using the Bearer schema. If the request does not contain a valid access token, an Unauthorized (401) error is thrown.
Generating Access Tokens:
An access token can be generated by making a successful call to the login (POST /api/v1/auth/login) endpoints.
An access token is valid for a week. You can modify this expiration time by changing the JWT_EXPIRES_TIME environment variable in the .env file.
Request data is validated using express-validator. Check the documentation for more details on how to write Joi validation schemas.
The validation schemas are defined in the src/validations directory and are used in the routes.
const router = require('express').Router();
const asyncMiddleware = require('../middlewares/async');
const { loginValidate } = require('../validations/auth');
const authController = require('../controllers/auth');
/* eslint-disable prettier/prettier */
router.post('/auths/login', loginValidate, asyncMiddleware(authController.login));
/* eslint-enable prettier/prettier */
module.exports = router;The utils folder contain functions that are used frequently in the project. For example, we have utils/random.js, that a function is responsible for generating the random string. These are general enough - and reusable enough - that they deserve to go in their own folder.
To start contributing to this project, you first need to fork this repository and clone it to your local machine. Each time you want to change something, do the following steps:
- Create a new branch named
task/{sort_name}/{sub_name}orbugfix/{sort_name}/{sub_name}orrefactor/{sort_name}/{sub_name}. - Commit your changes (1-3 commits/merge request). Prefix your commit messages with the type of the issue, e.g. task: Added mobile responsiveness.
- Open a new merge request, from source branch
task/{sort_name}/{sub_name}to target branchmaster. Also prefix your merge request's title with the type of the issue. - Ping reviewers to review your merge request.
After your merge request has been accepted, sync your repository with the upstream repository (you need to specify the remote upstream repository first):
$ git fetch upstream
$ git checkout master
$ git merge upstream/master