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lcd.c
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lcd.c
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<<<<<<< HEAD
/****************************************************************************
Title : HD44780U LCD library
Author: Peter Fleury <[email protected]> http://jump.to/fleury
File: $Id: lcd.c,v 1.1 2007-10-28 19:34:42+08 tblough Exp tblough $
Software: AVR-GCC 3.3
Target: any AVR device, memory mapped mode only for AT90S4414/8515/Mega
Extension: lcd_puthex by T. Blough 2007/10/20
DESCRIPTION
Basic routines for interfacing a HD44780U-based text lcd display
Originally based on Volker Oth's lcd library,
changed lcd_init(), added additional constants for lcd_command(),
added 4-bit I/O mode, improved and optimized code.
Library can be operated in memory mapped mode ( LCD_IO_MODE=0) or in
4-bit IO port mode ( LCD_IO_MODE=1). 8-bit IO port mode not supported.
Memory mapped mode compatible with Kanda STK200, but supports also
generation of R/W signal through A8 address line.
USAGE
See the C include lcd.h file for a description of each function
*****************************************************************************/
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#include "lcd.h"
/*
** constants/macros
*/
#define DDR( x) (*(&x - 1)) /* address of data direction register of port x */
#if defined( __AVR_ATmega64__) || defined( __AVR_ATmega128__)
/* on ATmega64/128 PINF is on port 0x00 and not 0x60 */
#define PIN( x) (&PORTF == &(x) ? _SFR_IO8( 0x00) : (*( &x - 2)))
#else
#define PIN( x) ( *( &x - 2)) /* address of input register of port x */
#endif
#if LCD_IO_MODE
#define lcd_e_delay() __asm__ __volatile__( "rjmp 1f\n 1:");
#define lcd_e_high() LCD_E_PORT |= _BV( LCD_E_PIN);
#define lcd_e_low() LCD_E_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_E_PIN);
#define lcd_e_toggle() toggle_e()
#define lcd_rw_high() LCD_RW_PORT |= _BV( LCD_RW_PIN)
#define lcd_rw_low() LCD_RW_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_RW_PIN)
#define lcd_rs_high() LCD_RS_PORT |= _BV( LCD_RS_PIN)
#define lcd_rs_low() LCD_RS_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_RS_PIN)
#endif
#if LCD_IO_MODE
#if LCD_LINES == 1
#define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_1LINE
#else
#define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_2LINES
#endif
#else
#if LCD_LINES == 1
#define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE
#else
#define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_2LINES
#endif
#endif
#if LCD_CONTROLLER_KS0073
#if LCD_LINES == 4
#define KS0073_EXTENDED_FUNCTION_REGISTER_ON 0x24 /* |0|010|0100 4-bit mode extension-bit RE = 1 */
#define KS0073_EXTENDED_FUNCTION_REGISTER_OFF 0x20 /* |0|000|1001 4 lines mode */
#define KS0073_4LINES_MODE 0x09 /* |0|001|0000 4-bit mode, extension-bit RE = 0 */
#endif
#endif
/*
** function prototypes
*/
#if LCD_IO_MODE
static void toggle_e( void);
#endif
/*
** local functions
*/
/*************************************************************************
delay loop for small accurate delays: 16-bit counter, 4 cycles/loop
*************************************************************************/
static inline void _delayFourCycles( unsigned int __count)
{
if( __count == 0)
__asm__ __volatile__( "rjmp 1f\n 1:"); // 2 cycles
else
__asm__ __volatile__(
"1: sbiw %0, 1" "\n\t"
"brne 1b" // 4 cycles/loop
: "=w" ( __count)
: "0" ( __count)
);
}
/*************************************************************************
delay for a minimum of <us> microseconds
the number of loops is calculated at compile-time from MCU clock frequency
*************************************************************************/
#define delay( us) _delayFourCycles( ((1 * (F_CPU / 4000)) * us) / 1000)
#if LCD_IO_MODE
/* toggle Enable Pin to initiate write */
static void toggle_e( void)
{
lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
lcd_e_low();
}
#endif
/*************************************************************************
Low-level function to write byte to LCD controller
Input: data byte to write to LCD
rs 1: write data
0: write instruction
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
#if LCD_IO_MODE
static void lcd_write( uint8_t data, uint8_t rs)
{
unsigned char dataBits ;
if( rs) /* write data ( RS=1, RW=0) */
{
lcd_rs_high();
}
else /* write instruction ( RS=0, RW=0) */
{
lcd_rs_low();
}
lcd_rw_low();
if( (&LCD_DATA0_PORT == &LCD_DATA1_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA1_PORT == &LCD_DATA2_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA2_PORT == &LCD_DATA3_PORT)
&& (LCD_DATA0_PIN == 0) && (LCD_DATA1_PIN == 1) && (LCD_DATA2_PIN == 2) && (LCD_DATA3_PIN == 3))
{
/* configure data pins as output */
DDR( LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= 0x0F;
/* output high nibble first */
dataBits = LCD_DATA0_PORT & 0xF0;
LCD_DATA0_PORT = dataBits | ((data>>4) & 0x0F);
lcd_e_toggle();
/* output low nibble */
LCD_DATA0_PORT = dataBits | (data & 0x0F);
lcd_e_toggle();
/* all data pins high ( inactive) */
LCD_DATA0_PORT = dataBits | 0x0F;
}
else
{
/* configure data pins as output */
DDR( LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= _BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN);
DDR( LCD_DATA1_PORT) |= _BV( LCD_DATA1_PIN);
DDR( LCD_DATA2_PORT) |= _BV( LCD_DATA2_PIN);
DDR( LCD_DATA3_PORT) |= _BV( LCD_DATA3_PIN);
/* output high nibble first */
LCD_DATA3_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA3_PIN);
LCD_DATA2_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA2_PIN);
LCD_DATA1_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA1_PIN);
LCD_DATA0_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN);
if( data & 0x80) LCD_DATA3_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA3_PIN);
if( data & 0x40) LCD_DATA2_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA2_PIN);
if( data & 0x20) LCD_DATA1_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA1_PIN);
if( data & 0x10) LCD_DATA0_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN);
lcd_e_toggle();
/* output low nibble */
LCD_DATA3_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA3_PIN);
LCD_DATA2_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA2_PIN);
LCD_DATA1_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA1_PIN);
LCD_DATA0_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN);
if( data & 0x08) LCD_DATA3_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA3_PIN);
if( data & 0x04) LCD_DATA2_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA2_PIN);
if( data & 0x02) LCD_DATA1_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA1_PIN);
if( data & 0x01) LCD_DATA0_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN);
lcd_e_toggle();
/* all data pins high ( inactive) */
LCD_DATA0_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN);
LCD_DATA1_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA1_PIN);
LCD_DATA2_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA2_PIN);
LCD_DATA3_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA3_PIN);
}
}
#else
#define lcd_write( d, rs) if( rs) *(volatile uint8_t*)(LCD_IO_DATA) = d; else *(volatile uint8_t*)(LCD_IO_FUNCTION) = d;
/* rs == 0 -> write instruction to LCD_IO_FUNCTION */
/* rs == 1 -> write data to LCD_IO_DATA */
#endif
/*************************************************************************
Low-level function to read byte from LCD controller
Input: rs 1: read data
0: read busy flag / address counter
Returns: byte read from LCD controller
*************************************************************************/
#if LCD_IO_MODE
static uint8_t lcd_read( uint8_t rs)
{
uint8_t data;
if( rs)
lcd_rs_high(); /* RS=1: read data */
else
lcd_rs_low(); /* RS=0: read busy flag */
lcd_rw_high(); /* RW=1 read mode */
if( (&LCD_DATA0_PORT == &LCD_DATA1_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA1_PORT == &LCD_DATA2_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA2_PORT == &LCD_DATA3_PORT)
&& (LCD_DATA0_PIN == 0) && (LCD_DATA1_PIN == 1) && (LCD_DATA2_PIN == 2) && (LCD_DATA3_PIN == 3))
{
DDR( LCD_DATA0_PORT) &= 0xF0; /* configure data pins as input */
lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
data = PIN( LCD_DATA0_PORT) << 4; /* read high nibble first */
lcd_e_low();
lcd_e_delay(); /* Enable 500ns low */
lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
data |= PIN( LCD_DATA0_PORT) & 0x0F; /* read low nibble */
lcd_e_low();
}
else
{
/* configure data pins as input */
DDR( LCD_DATA0_PORT) &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN);
DDR( LCD_DATA1_PORT) &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA1_PIN);
DDR( LCD_DATA2_PORT) &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA2_PIN);
DDR( LCD_DATA3_PORT) &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA3_PIN);
/* read high nibble first */
lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
data = 0;
if( PIN( LCD_DATA0_PORT) & _BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN)) data |= 0x10;
if( PIN( LCD_DATA1_PORT) & _BV( LCD_DATA1_PIN)) data |= 0x20;
if( PIN( LCD_DATA2_PORT) & _BV( LCD_DATA2_PIN)) data |= 0x40;
if( PIN( LCD_DATA3_PORT) & _BV( LCD_DATA3_PIN)) data |= 0x80;
lcd_e_low();
lcd_e_delay(); /* Enable 500ns low */
/* read low nibble */
lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
if( PIN( LCD_DATA0_PORT) & _BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN)) data |= 0x01;
if( PIN( LCD_DATA1_PORT) & _BV( LCD_DATA1_PIN)) data |= 0x02;
if( PIN( LCD_DATA2_PORT) & _BV( LCD_DATA2_PIN)) data |= 0x04;
if( PIN( LCD_DATA3_PORT) & _BV( LCD_DATA3_PIN)) data |= 0x08;
lcd_e_low();
}
return data;
}
#else
#define lcd_read( rs) (rs) ? *(volatile uint8_t*)(LCD_IO_DATA + LCD_IO_READ) : *(volatile uint8_t*)(LCD_IO_FUNCTION + LCD_IO_READ)
/* rs == 0 -> read instruction from LCD_IO_FUNCTION */
/* rs == 1 -> read data from LCD_IO_DATA */
#endif
/*************************************************************************
loops while lcd is busy, returns address counter
*************************************************************************/
static uint8_t lcd_waitbusy( void)
{
register uint8_t c;
/* wait until busy flag is cleared */
while ( (c = lcd_read( 0)) & (1 << LCD_BUSY)) {}
/* the address counter is updated 4us after the busy flag is cleared */
delay( 2);
/* now read the address counter */
return ( lcd_read( 0)); // return address counter
}/* lcd_waitbusy */
/*************************************************************************
Move cursor to the start of next line or to the first line if the cursor
is already on the last line.
*************************************************************************/
static inline void lcd_newline( uint8_t pos)
{
register uint8_t addressCounter;
#if LCD_LINES == 1
addressCounter = 0;
#endif
#if LCD_LINES == 2
if( pos < (LCD_START_LINE2))
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE2;
else
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE1;
#endif
#if LCD_LINES == 4
#if KS0073_4LINES_MODE
if( pos < LCD_START_LINE2)
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE2;
else if( (pos >= LCD_START_LINE2) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE3))
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE3;
else if( (pos >= LCD_START_LINE3) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE4))
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE4;
else
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE1;
#else
if( pos < LCD_START_LINE3)
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE2;
else if( (pos >= LCD_START_LINE2) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE4))
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE3;
else if( (pos >= LCD_START_LINE3) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE2))
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE4;
else
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE1;
#endif
#endif
lcd_command( (1 << LCD_DDRAM) + addressCounter);
}/* lcd_newline */
/*
** PUBLIC FUNCTIONS
*/
/*************************************************************************
Send LCD controller instruction command
Input: instruction to send to LCD controller, see HD44780 data sheet
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_command( uint8_t cmd)
{
lcd_waitbusy();
lcd_write( cmd, 0);
}
/*************************************************************************
Send data byte to LCD controller
Input: data to send to LCD controller, see HD44780 data sheet
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_data( uint8_t data)
{
lcd_waitbusy();
lcd_write( data, 1);
}
/*************************************************************************
Set cursor to specified position
Input: x horizontal position ( 0: left most position)
y vertical position ( 0: first line)
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_gotoxy( uint8_t x, uint8_t y)
{
#if LCD_LINES == 1
lcd_command( (1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE1 + x);
#endif
#if LCD_LINES == 2
if( y == 0)
lcd_command( (1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE1 + x);
else
lcd_command( (1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE2 + x);
#endif
#if LCD_LINES == 4
if( y == 0)
lcd_command( (1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE1 + x);
else if( y == 1)
lcd_command( (1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE2 + x);
else if( y == 2)
lcd_command( (1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE3 + x);
else /* y == 3 */
lcd_command( (1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE4 + x);
#endif
}/* lcd_gotoxy */
/*************************************************************************
*************************************************************************/
int lcd_getxy( void)
{
return lcd_waitbusy();
}
/*************************************************************************
Clear display and set cursor to home position
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_clrscr( void)
{
lcd_command(1 << LCD_CLR);
}
/*************************************************************************
Set cursor to home position
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_home( void)
{
lcd_command(1 << LCD_HOME);
}
/*************************************************************************
Display character at current cursor position
Input: character to be displayed
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_putc( char c)
{
uint8_t pos;
pos = lcd_waitbusy(); // read busy-flag and address counter
if( c == '\n')
{
lcd_newline( pos);
}
else
{
#if LCD_WRAP_LINES == 1
#if LCD_LINES == 1
if( pos == LCD_START_LINE1 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH)
{
lcd_write( (1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE1, 0);
}
#elif LCD_LINES == 2
if( pos == LCD_START_LINE1 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH)
{
lcd_write( (1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE2, 0);
}
else if( pos == LCD_START_LINE2 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH)
{
lcd_write( (1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE1, 0);
}
#elif LCD_LINES == 4
if( pos == LCD_START_LINE1 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH)
{
lcd_write( (1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE2, 0);
}
else if( pos == LCD_START_LINE2 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH)
{
lcd_write( (1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE3, 0);
}
else if( pos == LCD_START_LINE3 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH)
{
lcd_write( (1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE4, 0);
}
else if( pos == LCD_START_LINE4 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH)
{
lcd_write( (1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE1, 0);
}
#endif
lcd_waitbusy();
#endif
lcd_write( c, 1);
}
}/* lcd_putc */
/*************************************************************************
Display string without auto linefeed
Input: string to be displayed
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_puts( const char *s)
/* print string on lcd ( no auto linefeed) */
{
register char c;
while ( (c = *s++))
{
lcd_putc( c);
}
}/* lcd_puts */
/*************************************************************************
Display string from program memory without auto linefeed
Input: string from program memory be be displayed
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_puts_p( const char *progmem_s)
/* print string from program memory on lcd ( no auto linefeed) */
{
register char c;
while ( ( c = pgm_read_byte( progmem_s++)))
{
lcd_putc( c);
}
}/* lcd_puts_p */
/*************************************************************************
Function: lcd_puthex_nibble()
Purpose: transmit lower nibble as ASCII-hex to LCD
Input: byte value
Returns: none
This functions was created by Martin Thomas <[email protected]>
for his UART library. Adapted for the LCD lib by Tom Blough
Don't blame P. Fleury if it doesn't work ;-)
**************************************************************************/
void lcd_puthex_nibble(const unsigned char b)
{
unsigned char c = b & 0x0f;
if (c>9) c += 'A'-10;
else c += '0';
lcd_putc(c);
} /* lcd_puthex_nibble */
/*************************************************************************
Function: lcd_puthex_byte()
Purpose: transmit upper and lower nibble as ASCII-hex to LCD
Input: byte value
Returns: none
This functions was created by Martin Thomas <[email protected]>
for his UART library. Adapted for the LCD lib by Tom Blough
Don't blame P. Fleury if it doesn't work ;-)
**************************************************************************/
void lcd_puthex_byte(const unsigned char b)
{
lcd_puthex_nibble(b>>4);
lcd_puthex_nibble(b);
} /* lcd_puthex_byte */
/*************************************************************************
Initialize display and select type of cursor
Input: dispAttr LCD_DISP_OFF display off
LCD_DISP_ON display on, cursor off
LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR display on, cursor on
LCD_DISP_CURSOR_BLINK display on, cursor on flashing
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_init( uint8_t dispAttr)
{
#if LCD_IO_MODE
/*
* Initialize LCD to 4 bit I/O mode
*/
if( (&LCD_DATA0_PORT == &LCD_DATA1_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA1_PORT == &LCD_DATA2_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA2_PORT == &LCD_DATA3_PORT)
&& (&LCD_RS_PORT == &LCD_DATA0_PORT) && (&LCD_RW_PORT == &LCD_DATA0_PORT) && (&LCD_E_PORT == &LCD_DATA0_PORT)
&& (LCD_DATA0_PIN == 0) && (LCD_DATA1_PIN == 1) && (LCD_DATA2_PIN == 2) && (LCD_DATA3_PIN == 3)
&& (LCD_RS_PIN == 4) && (LCD_RW_PIN == 5) && (LCD_E_PIN == 6))
{
/* configure all port bits as output ( all LCD lines on same port) */
DDR( LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= 0x7F;
}
else if( (&LCD_DATA0_PORT == &LCD_DATA1_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA1_PORT == &LCD_DATA2_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA2_PORT == &LCD_DATA3_PORT)
&& (LCD_DATA0_PIN == 0) && (LCD_DATA1_PIN == 1) && (LCD_DATA2_PIN == 2) && (LCD_DATA3_PIN == 3))
{
/* configure all port bits as output ( all LCD data lines on same port, but control lines on different ports) */
DDR( LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= 0x0F;
DDR( LCD_RS_PORT) |= _BV( LCD_RS_PIN);
DDR( LCD_RW_PORT) |= _BV( LCD_RW_PIN);
DDR( LCD_E_PORT) |= _BV( LCD_E_PIN);
}
else
{
/* configure all port bits as output ( LCD data and control lines on different ports */
DDR( LCD_RS_PORT) |= _BV( LCD_RS_PIN);
DDR( LCD_RW_PORT) |= _BV( LCD_RW_PIN);
DDR( LCD_E_PORT) |= _BV( LCD_E_PIN);
DDR( LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= _BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN);
DDR( LCD_DATA1_PORT) |= _BV( LCD_DATA1_PIN);
DDR( LCD_DATA2_PORT) |= _BV( LCD_DATA2_PIN);
DDR( LCD_DATA3_PORT) |= _BV( LCD_DATA3_PIN);
}
delay(16000); /* wait 16ms or more after power-on */
/* initial write to lcd is 8bit */
LCD_DATA1_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA1_PIN); // _BV( LCD_FUNCTION)>>4;
LCD_DATA0_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN); // _BV( LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT)>>4;
lcd_e_toggle();
delay( 4992); /* delay, busy flag can't be checked here */
/* repeat last command */
lcd_e_toggle();
delay( 64); /* delay, busy flag can't be checked here */
/* repeat last command a third time */
lcd_e_toggle();
delay( 64); /* delay, busy flag can't be checked here */
/* now configure for 4bit mode */
LCD_DATA0_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN); // LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_1LINE>>4
lcd_e_toggle();
delay( 64); /* some displays need this additional delay */
/* from now the LCD only accepts 4 bit I/O, we can use lcd_command() */
#else
/*
* Initialize LCD to 8 bit memory mapped mode
*/
/* enable external SRAM ( memory mapped lcd) and one wait state */
MCUCR = _BV( SRE) | _BV( SRW);
/* reset LCD */
delay(16000); /* wait 16ms after power-on */
lcd_write( LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE, 0); /* function set: 8bit interface */
delay( 4992); /* wait 5ms */
lcd_write( LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE, 0); /* function set: 8bit interface */
delay( 64); /* wait 64us */
lcd_write( LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE, 0); /* function set: 8bit interface */
delay( 64); /* wait 64us */
#endif
#if KS0073_4LINES_MODE
/* Display with KS0073 controller requires special commands for enabling 4 line mode */
lcd_command( KS0073_EXTENDED_FUNCTION_REGISTER_ON);
lcd_command( KS0073_4LINES_MODE);
lcd_command( KS0073_EXTENDED_FUNCTION_REGISTER_OFF);
#else
lcd_command( LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT); /* function set: display lines */
#endif
lcd_command( LCD_DISP_OFF); /* display off */
lcd_clrscr(); /* display clear */
lcd_command( LCD_MODE_DEFAULT); /* set entry mode */
lcd_command( dispAttr); /* display/cursor control */
}/* lcd_init */
=======
/****************************************************************************
Title : HD44780U LCD library
Author: Peter Fleury <[email protected]> http://jump.to/fleury
File: $Id: lcd.c,v 1.1 2007-10-28 19:34:42+08 tblough Exp tblough $
Software: AVR-GCC 3.3
Target: any AVR device, memory mapped mode only for AT90S4414/8515/Mega
Extension: lcd_puthex by T. Blough 2007/10/20
DESCRIPTION
Basic routines for interfacing a HD44780U-based text lcd display
Originally based on Volker Oth's lcd library,
changed lcd_init(), added additional constants for lcd_command(),
added 4-bit I/O mode, improved and optimized code.
Library can be operated in memory mapped mode ( LCD_IO_MODE=0) or in
4-bit IO port mode ( LCD_IO_MODE=1). 8-bit IO port mode not supported.
Memory mapped mode compatible with Kanda STK200, but supports also
generation of R/W signal through A8 address line.
USAGE
See the C include lcd.h file for a description of each function
*****************************************************************************/
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#include "lcd.h"
/*
** constants/macros
*/
#define DDR( x) (*(&x - 1)) /* address of data direction register of port x */
#if defined( __AVR_ATmega64__) || defined( __AVR_ATmega128__)
/* on ATmega64/128 PINF is on port 0x00 and not 0x60 */
#define PIN( x) (&PORTF == &(x) ? _SFR_IO8( 0x00) : (*( &x - 2)))
#else
#define PIN( x) ( *( &x - 2)) /* address of input register of port x */
#endif
#if LCD_IO_MODE
#define lcd_e_delay() __asm__ __volatile__( "rjmp 1f\n 1:");
#define lcd_e_high() LCD_E_PORT |= _BV( LCD_E_PIN);
#define lcd_e_low() LCD_E_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_E_PIN);
#define lcd_e_toggle() toggle_e()
#define lcd_rw_high() LCD_RW_PORT |= _BV( LCD_RW_PIN)
#define lcd_rw_low() LCD_RW_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_RW_PIN)
#define lcd_rs_high() LCD_RS_PORT |= _BV( LCD_RS_PIN)
#define lcd_rs_low() LCD_RS_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_RS_PIN)
#endif
#if LCD_IO_MODE
#if LCD_LINES == 1
#define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_1LINE
#else
#define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_2LINES
#endif
#else
#if LCD_LINES == 1
#define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE
#else
#define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_2LINES
#endif
#endif
#if LCD_CONTROLLER_KS0073
#if LCD_LINES == 4
#define KS0073_EXTENDED_FUNCTION_REGISTER_ON 0x24 /* |0|010|0100 4-bit mode extension-bit RE = 1 */
#define KS0073_EXTENDED_FUNCTION_REGISTER_OFF 0x20 /* |0|000|1001 4 lines mode */
#define KS0073_4LINES_MODE 0x09 /* |0|001|0000 4-bit mode, extension-bit RE = 0 */
#endif
#endif
/*
** function prototypes
*/
#if LCD_IO_MODE
static void toggle_e( void);
#endif
/*
** local functions
*/
/*************************************************************************
delay loop for small accurate delays: 16-bit counter, 4 cycles/loop
*************************************************************************/
static inline void _delayFourCycles( unsigned int __count)
{
if( __count == 0)
__asm__ __volatile__( "rjmp 1f\n 1:"); // 2 cycles
else
__asm__ __volatile__(
"1: sbiw %0, 1" "\n\t"
"brne 1b" // 4 cycles/loop
: "=w" ( __count)
: "0" ( __count)
);
}
/*************************************************************************
delay for a minimum of <us> microseconds
the number of loops is calculated at compile-time from MCU clock frequency
*************************************************************************/
#define delay( us) _delayFourCycles( ((1 * (F_CPU / 4000)) * us) / 1000)
#if LCD_IO_MODE
/* toggle Enable Pin to initiate write */
static void toggle_e( void)
{
lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
lcd_e_low();
}
#endif
/*************************************************************************
Low-level function to write byte to LCD controller
Input: data byte to write to LCD
rs 1: write data
0: write instruction
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
#if LCD_IO_MODE
static void lcd_write( uint8_t data, uint8_t rs)
{
unsigned char dataBits ;
if( rs) /* write data ( RS=1, RW=0) */
{
lcd_rs_high();
}
else /* write instruction ( RS=0, RW=0) */
{
lcd_rs_low();
}
lcd_rw_low();
if( (&LCD_DATA0_PORT == &LCD_DATA1_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA1_PORT == &LCD_DATA2_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA2_PORT == &LCD_DATA3_PORT)
&& (LCD_DATA0_PIN == 0) && (LCD_DATA1_PIN == 1) && (LCD_DATA2_PIN == 2) && (LCD_DATA3_PIN == 3))
{
/* configure data pins as output */
DDR( LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= 0x0F;
/* output high nibble first */
dataBits = LCD_DATA0_PORT & 0xF0;
LCD_DATA0_PORT = dataBits | ((data>>4) & 0x0F);
lcd_e_toggle();
/* output low nibble */
LCD_DATA0_PORT = dataBits | (data & 0x0F);
lcd_e_toggle();
/* all data pins high ( inactive) */
LCD_DATA0_PORT = dataBits | 0x0F;
}
else
{
/* configure data pins as output */
DDR( LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= _BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN);
DDR( LCD_DATA1_PORT) |= _BV( LCD_DATA1_PIN);
DDR( LCD_DATA2_PORT) |= _BV( LCD_DATA2_PIN);
DDR( LCD_DATA3_PORT) |= _BV( LCD_DATA3_PIN);
/* output high nibble first */
LCD_DATA3_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA3_PIN);
LCD_DATA2_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA2_PIN);
LCD_DATA1_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA1_PIN);
LCD_DATA0_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN);
if( data & 0x80) LCD_DATA3_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA3_PIN);
if( data & 0x40) LCD_DATA2_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA2_PIN);
if( data & 0x20) LCD_DATA1_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA1_PIN);
if( data & 0x10) LCD_DATA0_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN);
lcd_e_toggle();
/* output low nibble */
LCD_DATA3_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA3_PIN);
LCD_DATA2_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA2_PIN);
LCD_DATA1_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA1_PIN);
LCD_DATA0_PORT &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN);
if( data & 0x08) LCD_DATA3_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA3_PIN);
if( data & 0x04) LCD_DATA2_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA2_PIN);
if( data & 0x02) LCD_DATA1_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA1_PIN);
if( data & 0x01) LCD_DATA0_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN);
lcd_e_toggle();
/* all data pins high ( inactive) */
LCD_DATA0_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN);
LCD_DATA1_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA1_PIN);
LCD_DATA2_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA2_PIN);
LCD_DATA3_PORT |= _BV( LCD_DATA3_PIN);
}
}
#else
#define lcd_write( d, rs) if( rs) *(volatile uint8_t*)(LCD_IO_DATA) = d; else *(volatile uint8_t*)(LCD_IO_FUNCTION) = d;
/* rs == 0 -> write instruction to LCD_IO_FUNCTION */
/* rs == 1 -> write data to LCD_IO_DATA */
#endif
/*************************************************************************
Low-level function to read byte from LCD controller
Input: rs 1: read data
0: read busy flag / address counter
Returns: byte read from LCD controller
*************************************************************************/
#if LCD_IO_MODE
static uint8_t lcd_read( uint8_t rs)
{
uint8_t data;
if( rs)
lcd_rs_high(); /* RS=1: read data */
else
lcd_rs_low(); /* RS=0: read busy flag */
lcd_rw_high(); /* RW=1 read mode */
if( (&LCD_DATA0_PORT == &LCD_DATA1_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA1_PORT == &LCD_DATA2_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA2_PORT == &LCD_DATA3_PORT)
&& (LCD_DATA0_PIN == 0) && (LCD_DATA1_PIN == 1) && (LCD_DATA2_PIN == 2) && (LCD_DATA3_PIN == 3))
{
DDR( LCD_DATA0_PORT) &= 0xF0; /* configure data pins as input */
lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
data = PIN( LCD_DATA0_PORT) << 4; /* read high nibble first */
lcd_e_low();
lcd_e_delay(); /* Enable 500ns low */
lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
data |= PIN( LCD_DATA0_PORT) & 0x0F; /* read low nibble */
lcd_e_low();
}
else
{
/* configure data pins as input */
DDR( LCD_DATA0_PORT) &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN);
DDR( LCD_DATA1_PORT) &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA1_PIN);
DDR( LCD_DATA2_PORT) &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA2_PIN);
DDR( LCD_DATA3_PORT) &= ~_BV( LCD_DATA3_PIN);
/* read high nibble first */
lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
data = 0;
if( PIN( LCD_DATA0_PORT) & _BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN)) data |= 0x10;
if( PIN( LCD_DATA1_PORT) & _BV( LCD_DATA1_PIN)) data |= 0x20;
if( PIN( LCD_DATA2_PORT) & _BV( LCD_DATA2_PIN)) data |= 0x40;
if( PIN( LCD_DATA3_PORT) & _BV( LCD_DATA3_PIN)) data |= 0x80;
lcd_e_low();
lcd_e_delay(); /* Enable 500ns low */
/* read low nibble */
lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
if( PIN( LCD_DATA0_PORT) & _BV( LCD_DATA0_PIN)) data |= 0x01;
if( PIN( LCD_DATA1_PORT) & _BV( LCD_DATA1_PIN)) data |= 0x02;
if( PIN( LCD_DATA2_PORT) & _BV( LCD_DATA2_PIN)) data |= 0x04;
if( PIN( LCD_DATA3_PORT) & _BV( LCD_DATA3_PIN)) data |= 0x08;
lcd_e_low();
}
return data;
}
#else
#define lcd_read( rs) (rs) ? *(volatile uint8_t*)(LCD_IO_DATA + LCD_IO_READ) : *(volatile uint8_t*)(LCD_IO_FUNCTION + LCD_IO_READ)
/* rs == 0 -> read instruction from LCD_IO_FUNCTION */
/* rs == 1 -> read data from LCD_IO_DATA */
#endif
/*************************************************************************
loops while lcd is busy, returns address counter
*************************************************************************/
static uint8_t lcd_waitbusy( void)
{
register uint8_t c;
/* wait until busy flag is cleared */
while ( (c = lcd_read( 0)) & (1 << LCD_BUSY)) {}
/* the address counter is updated 4us after the busy flag is cleared */
delay( 2);
/* now read the address counter */
return ( lcd_read( 0)); // return address counter
}/* lcd_waitbusy */
/*************************************************************************
Move cursor to the start of next line or to the first line if the cursor
is already on the last line.
*************************************************************************/
static inline void lcd_newline( uint8_t pos)
{
register uint8_t addressCounter;
#if LCD_LINES == 1
addressCounter = 0;
#endif
#if LCD_LINES == 2
if( pos < (LCD_START_LINE2))
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE2;
else
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE1;
#endif
#if LCD_LINES == 4
#if KS0073_4LINES_MODE
if( pos < LCD_START_LINE2)
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE2;
else if( (pos >= LCD_START_LINE2) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE3))
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE3;
else if( (pos >= LCD_START_LINE3) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE4))
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE4;
else
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE1;
#else
if( pos < LCD_START_LINE3)
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE2;
else if( (pos >= LCD_START_LINE2) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE4))
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE3;
else if( (pos >= LCD_START_LINE3) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE2))
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE4;
else
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE1;
#endif