This is an experiment I made to investigate the capabilities of CSS 3D transforms. Having played about with this technology a little (see this or this, and having seen some very impressive demos (CSS FPS, CSS X-Wing, I wanted to explore the idea of making a simple 3D game with only DOM and CSS.
CSS transforms allow us to position and rotate DOM elements in 3D space. The big advantage of this over, say, using canvas or webGL is that we do not need to worry about any of the complex maths involved in projecting a 3D object onto the screen. The browser's rendering engine (with the help of your GPU) will take care of all that. You just need to specify the x, y, z coordinates as well as the rotation along any axis. This makes it really simple to map your JavaScript objects onto the screen, by just keeping track of these simple coordinate and rotation values.
Having previously played with pseudo-3D in canvas, I have some idea of the massive amount of calculation involved in plotting all the lines and vertices of each object manually. In this regard, the simple, declarative nature of CSS allows some really powerful 3D effects with astonishingly little code.
That convenience comes at a cost, however. For one, in CSS it is really really hard to create any shape other than a rectangle or an ellipse. Triangles, for example, are only possible through dirty hacks with the border property.
Secondly, performance. Despite hardware acceleration for these 3D transforms, I quickly ran into performance issues when scaling up the number of objects interacting on screen simultaneously. Certain CSS operations are also very expensive, such as transitioning box-shadow values or gradient backgrounds.
I'm sure my code can be optimized and this performance ceiling can be raised considerably. However, I wouldn't recommend using CSS and DOM for a serious 3D game.
- Right now this works properly in the latest version of Chrome.
- In my tests with Firefox it is very jerky and then usually grinds to a complete halt after a minute or so.
- Internet Explorer has a couple of fatal issues - it does not yet support a key CSS property -
transform-style: preserve3d- which is essential to this method of building up 3D objects and 3D scenes which all share the same perspective. Additionally, IE does not currently support the Web Audio API, which I use for the sound effects and music. The game currently won't even load for this latter reason. - I've not tested in any other browsers, but feedback is welcome.
- Keith Clark - seriously, check out his stuff. It's amazing. Used his advice on positioning the DOM elements in the center of the viewport and moving them only with transforms, which works well.
- html5Rocks - Some really helpful tutorials here and here on how to use the Web Audio API.
- Dive Into HTML5 article on the localStorage API, which I use to store high scores.
I got all my sounds effects from https://www.freesound.org.
- gun: https://www.freesound.org/people/afirlam/sounds/236939/
- explosion: https://www.freesound.org/people/plamdi1/sounds/95058/
- alien noise: https://www.freesound.org/people/mensageirocs/sounds/234442/
- alien drone: https://www.freesound.org/people/klankbeeld/sounds/243702/
- 1-down: https://www.freesound.org/people/leviclaassen/sounds/107789/
Ludwig van Beethoven - Symphony No.7 in A major op.92 - II, Allegretto
npm install
npm run watch // dev mode
npm run compile // production build
MIT