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Deploying your project to Heroku

Projected Time

About 3-4.5 hours

Prerequisites

Motivation

Deployment is a fancy term for getting your website on the web. After building out your app, you might want to share it with others and to do that you need to deploy your app to the web where others can access it. In this lesson, we'll learn more about deployment, and learn one way to deploy an app.

Objectives

Apprentices will be able to:

  • Deploy their website to a third-party hosting service such as Heroku.

Specific Things To Teach

  • What is deployment?
  • Heroku - a cloud-based server

Materials

Lesson

Deploying

Now we'll work on deploying your app to Heroku.

We'll be combining your frontend (create-react-app) with your backend (express) and deploying it to Heroku. Your frontend contains "static" Javascript files -- when you deploy to Heroku, Heroku turns your whole React app into a couple of static files that it will serve to the browser. No matter what data you have in the database, these files will always be the same.

Your backend, on the other hand, is dynamic -- when you make an API request, the backend runs javascript code to do things like reading and writing to a database. Unlike the React app, which always serves the same files to the browser, the backend will serve different information to the browser depending on what's in the database. We're going to combine your dynamic code (express), with your static code (create-react-app).

  1. cd into the React app you created and move everything into a new directory named client:
cd <my react app>
mkdir client
mv * client
  1. Create a server directory. You will copy all the files from your Express API folder (1-3 JS files + package.json) into the server folder you're about to create inside your React app. This is where your API code will live from now on -- don't modify or use the old directory or repo
mkdir server
cp my-express-server/* server
# We need to keep package.json and node_modules at the top level.
mv server/package.json .
mv server/package-lock.json .
mv server/node_modules .

At this point, you should have the following directory structure:

./eventonica-app
./eventonica-app/client/* # The code for your React App
./eventonica-app/server/* # Your express API (app.js etc.)
./eventonica-app/package.json # Toplevel package.json used by Heroku to run your app
./eventonica-app/package-lock.json # Toplevel package-lock.json used by Heroku to run your app
  1. Test out your new server locally:
# Make sure you use the filename you used when you created your Express API
node server/app.js
  1. Modify your gitignore to ensure you don't commit build or node_modules, even though they aren't at the root. Add these lines:
**/node_modules/
**/build/
  1. Change the port your server is listening on to be process.env.PORT || 3000 (Replace 3000 by a different number if your Express app was configured to run on a different port)

When we deploy to Heroku, Heroku will choose what port our server runs on.

  1. Modify your express server to serve static files by adding this block to your express server AFTER all your other defined routes:
// Add this below all your other routes
if (process.env.NODE_ENV === "production") {
  // Serve any static files
  app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, "../client/build")));
  // Handle React routing, return all requests to React app
  app.get("*", function(req, res) {
    res.sendFile(path.join(__dirname, "../client/build", "index.html"));
  });
}

This block of code only runs in production. When it runs, it will serve your Javascript files if the URL doesn't match an existing API.

  1. Configure the top-level package.json to work with Heroku by adding the following two lines to the scripts section:
    "start": "node server/server.js",
    "heroku-postbuild": "cd client && npm install && npm install --only=dev --no-shrinkwrap && npm run build"

You can replace node server/server.js with whatever you named your API code file.

  1. Create a free Heroku account at https://signup.heroku.com/dc.
    Through the Heroku web UI, create a new Application. Once you create the app, add the Postgres add-on by going to the Resources tab and searching in the "Add-ons" search box for Postgres. Click the "Heroku Postgres" option. Finally, select the free version and click "Provision".

  2. Install the Heroku CLI: brew tap heroku/brew && brew install heroku then use heroku login

  3. Attach your Heroku app to your code by running heroku git:remote -a YOUR-APP-NAME inside the terminal at the root of your project directory.

  4. Configure your database. Heroku will specify environment variables you can use to connect to the DB:

new Pool({
  // Make sure you swap out <user> and <password>
  connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL || 'postgres://localhost:5432/<database_name>'
  // Use SSL but only in production
  ssl: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
});

Fill in your local database name in the Postgres URL. This is the default database URL when your app is running locally.

  1. Use Heroku to create the database tables you need: heroku pg:psql You should use the same commands you ran to create your database locally create table events (.....) If you've forgotten, psql into your local database and check your table schema with \d events. Copy that schema into your new Heroku database.

  2. Commit everything!

git add server
git add client
git add package.json

git commit -am "Heroku setup\!"

Ensure you don't have any missing files: git status and commit them if you need to.

  1. Deploy your app! git push heroku master This takes a long time. This will print the URL your app was deployed to. Trying going to it! If something goes run, use heroku logs --tail to debug.

Wrapping Up

Lastly, we'll configure your create-react-app client to work seamlessly with your express backend locally, even though they're running on two different ports. You can do this by adding the following line to client/package.json:

"proxy": "http://localhost:3000/"

Gotchas

  • Ensure you don't accidentally commit node_modules
  • Don't forget to configure port to come from process.env
  • Use heroku logs --tail to see what's wrong

All done! Small differences in the way you've set up your site may make bits of this process not work as expected, so there may be some debugging required. Here is a sample repository you can refer to https://github.com/esausilva/example-create-react-app-express

Supplemental Resources