Optimize NNCFGraph.get_node_by_name() method (#2190)

### Changes

Linear search was removed inside the `NNCFGraph.get_node_by_name()`
method.

### Reason for changes

The implementation of the `NNCFGraph.get_node_by_name()` method is very
slow. The total time spent on its execution (several calls during
quantization) is 216.887 seconds for the databricks/dolly-v2-3b model.
This method currently operates at O(N) time complexity, where N is the
number of nodes in the `NNCFGraph`. I expected it to have O(1)
complexity.

### Related tickets

Ref: 119299

### Tests

pre-commit scope

nncf/common/graph/graph.py

@@ -196,9 +196,9 @@ def __init__(self):
         self._nodes: Dict[str, NNCFNode] = {}
         self._input_nncf_nodes: Dict[int, NNCFNode] = {}
         self._output_nncf_nodes: Dict[int, NNCFNode] = {}
-
         self._node_ids_vs_layer_names: Dict[int, LayerName] = {}
         self._layer_name_vs_shared_nodes: Dict[LayerName, List[NNCFNode]] = defaultdict(list)
+        self._node_name_to_node_id_map: Dict[str, List[int]] = {}
 
     @property
     def nodes(self) -> Dict[str, NNCFNode]:
@@ -458,6 +458,9 @@ def add_nncf_node(
         if node_id in self._node_id_to_key_dict:
             raise ValueError(f"NNCF node with id {node_id} is already in the NNCFGraph")
 
+        node_ids = self._node_name_to_node_id_map.setdefault(node_name, [])
+        node_ids.append(node_id)
+
         node_key = f"{node_id} {node_name}"
 
         self._node_id_to_key_dict[node_id] = node_key
@@ -635,16 +638,14 @@ def _get_graph_for_visualization(self) -> nx.DiGraph:
         return out_graph
 
     def get_node_by_name(self, name: NNCFNodeName) -> NNCFNode:
-        matches = [node for node in self.get_all_nodes() if node.node_name == name]
-        if not matches:
+        node_ids = self._node_name_to_node_id_map.get(name, None)
+        if node_ids is None:
             raise RuntimeError("Could not find a node {} in NNCFGraph!".format(name))
-        if len(matches) > 1:
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                "More than one node in NNCFGraph matches name {}:\n{}".format(
-                    name, "\t\n".join([str(n.node_id) for n in matches])
-                )
-            )
-        return next(iter(matches))
+        if len(node_ids) > 1:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"More than one node in NNCFGraph matches name {name}")
+
+        node_key = f"{node_ids[0]} {name}"
+        return self._nodes[node_key]
 
     def __eq__(self, other: "NNCFGraph"):
         nm = iso.categorical_node_match(