Link in UPB by default for Bazel's python build rules.

In v21.x, we announced our intent to flip the default implementation of
protobuf python from pure python to upb.
- https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/tag/v21.0

We also documented in docs and readme that
PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION env var can be set to override the
python implementation used.
- https://protobuf.dev/reference/python/python-generated/#sharing-messages

In practice, we only use upb if it can successfully be imported:
- https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/1c29f34b24eafe4a362ce075c12c62c614fad199/python/google/protobuf/internal/api_implementation.py#L54
- https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/1c29f34b24eafe4a362ce075c12c62c614fad199/python/google/protobuf/internal/api_implementation.py#L100

Otherwise, we fall back to pure python, even if the env var is set to upb.
Since we don't currently link in upb for Bazel, this means the default is
still pure python in practice and the environment variable is not respected.

This change links in UPB by default and ensures that default python builds and
unit tests using Bazel will enable running with python-UPB.

#test-continuous

PiperOrigin-RevId: 711436307

.github/workflows/test_cpp.yml

@@ -93,7 +93,11 @@ jobs:
           image: us-docker.pkg.dev/protobuf-build/containers/test/linux/gcc:7.1.2-${{ matrix.version }}-d9624f2aa83cba3eaf906f751d75b36aacb9aa82
           credentials: ${{ secrets.GAR_SERVICE_ACCOUNT }}
           bazel-cache: cpp_linux/gcc-${{ matrix.version }}
-          bazel: test //pkg/... //src/... @com_google_protobuf_examples//... //third_party/utf8_range/... //conformance:conformance_framework_tests
+          bazel: >-
+            test --copt="-Wno-error=attributes"
+            //pkg/... //src/... @com_google_protobuf_examples//...
+            //third_party/utf8_range/...
+            //conformance:conformance_framework_tests
 
   linux-release:
     strategy:

.github/workflows/test_python.yml

@@ -27,20 +27,29 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false   # Don't cancel all jobs if one fails.
       matrix:
-        type: [ Pure, C++]
+        type: [Pure, C++]
         version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
         include:
           - type: Pure
-            targets: //python/... //python:python_version_test
-            flags: --define=use_fast_cpp_protos=false
+            targets: //python/... //python:python_version_test //python:python_api_test
+            flags: >-
+              --define=use_fast_cpp_protos=false
+              --test_env=PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=python
+              --test_env=PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_EXPECTED_PYTHON_BACKEND=python
           - type: C++
-            targets: //python/... //python:python_version_test
-            flags: --define=use_fast_cpp_protos=true
+            targets: //python/... //python:python_version_test //python:python_api_test
+            flags: >-
+              --define=use_fast_cpp_protos=true
+              --test_env=PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=cpp
+              --test_env=PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_EXPECTED_PYTHON_BACKEND=cpp
           - type: C++
             version: aarch64
-            targets: //python/... //python:aarch64_test
+            targets: //python/... //python:aarch64_test //python:python_api_test
             # TODO Enable this once conformance tests are fixed.
-            flags: --define=use_fast_cpp_protos=true --test_tag_filters=-conformance
+            flags: >-
+              --define=use_fast_cpp_protos=true --test_tag_filters=-conformance
+              --test_env=PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=cpp
+              --test_env=PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_EXPECTED_PYTHON_BACKEND=cpp
             image: us-docker.pkg.dev/protobuf-build/containers/test/linux/emulation:7.1.2-aarch64-2920199ab0090ed427413a8e422e62695c8392a8
           - version: "3.9"
           - version: "3.10"
@@ -77,10 +86,16 @@ jobs:
         version: [ "3.12", "3.13" ]
         include:
           - type: Pure
-            targets: //python/... //python:python_version_test
+            targets: //python/... //python:python_version_test //python:python_api_test
+            flags: >-
+              --test_env=PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=python
+              --test_env=PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_EXPECTED_PYTHON_BACKEND=python
           - type: C++
-            targets: //python/... //python:python_version_test
-            flags: --define=use_fast_cpp_protos=true
+            targets: //python/... //python:python_version_test //python:python_api_test
+            flags: >-
+              --define=use_fast_cpp_protos=true
+              --test_env=PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=cpp
+              --test_env=PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_EXPECTED_PYTHON_BACKEND=cpp
           - version: "3.13"
             continuous-only: true
 

.github/workflows/test_upb.yml

@@ -52,7 +52,13 @@ jobs:
           image: us-docker.pkg.dev/protobuf-build/containers/test/linux/sanitize:${{ matrix.config.bazel_version || '7.1.2' }}-d9624f2aa83cba3eaf906f751d75b36aacb9aa82
           credentials: ${{ secrets.GAR_SERVICE_ACCOUNT }}
           bazel-cache: upb-bazel
-          bazel: test --cxxopt=-std=c++17 --host_cxxopt=-std=c++17 //bazel/... //benchmarks/... //lua/... //python/... //upb/... //upb_generator/... ${{ matrix.config.flags }}
+          bazel: >-
+            test --cxxopt=-std=c++17 --host_cxxopt=-std=c++17
+            --test_env=PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=upb
+            --test_env=PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_EXPECTED_PYTHON_BACKEND=upb
+            //bazel/...
+            //benchmarks/... //lua/... //python/... //upb/...
+            //upb_generator/... ${{ matrix.config.flags }}
           exclude-targets: ${{ matrix.config.exclude-targets }}
 
   linux-gcc:
@@ -74,7 +80,10 @@ jobs:
           bazel: >-
             test --cxxopt=-std=c++17 --host_cxxopt=-std=c++17 -c opt
             --copt="-Wno-error=maybe-uninitialized" --copt="-Wno-error=attributes"
-            //bazel/... //benchmarks/... //lua/... //python/... //upb/... //upb_generator/...
+            --test_env=PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=upb
+            --test_env=PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_EXPECTED_PYTHON_BACKEND=upb
+            //bazel/... //benchmarks/... //lua/... //python/... //upb/...
+            //upb_generator/...
 
   windows:
     strategy:
@@ -96,7 +105,11 @@ jobs:
         with:
           credentials: ${{ secrets.GAR_SERVICE_ACCOUNT }}
           bazel-cache: "upb-bazel-windows"
-          bazel: test --cxxopt=/std:c++17 --host_cxxopt=/std:c++17 //upb/... //upb_generator/... //python/...
+          bazel: >-
+            test --cxxopt=/std:c++17 --host_cxxopt=/std:c++17
+            --test_env=PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=upb
+            --test_env=PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_EXPECTED_PYTHON_BACKEND=upb
+            //upb/... //upb_generator/... //python/...
           version: 7.1.2
           exclude-targets: -//python:conformance_test -//upb/reflection:def_builder_test
 
@@ -125,7 +138,13 @@ jobs:
         with:
           credentials: ${{ secrets.GAR_SERVICE_ACCOUNT }}
           bazel-cache: "upb-bazel-macos"
-          bazel: ${{ matrix.config.bazel-command }} --cxxopt=-std=c++17 --host_cxxopt=-std=c++17 ${{ matrix.config.flags }} //bazel/... //benchmarks/... //lua/... //python/... //upb/... //upb_generator/...
+          bazel: >-
+            ${{ matrix.config.bazel-command }} --cxxopt=-std=c++17
+            --host_cxxopt=-std=c++17 ${{ matrix.config.flags }}
+            --test_env=PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=upb
+            --test_env=PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_EXPECTED_PYTHON_BACKEND=upb
+            //bazel/... //benchmarks/... //lua/... //python/... //upb/...
+            //upb_generator/...
           version: 7.1.2
 
   no-python:
@@ -148,7 +167,7 @@ jobs:
             which python3 &&
             mv `which python3` /tmp &&
             ! which python3 &&
-            bazel test $BAZEL_FLAGS --cxxopt=-std=c++17 --host_cxxopt=-std=c++17 //python/... -- -//python/dist:source_wheel -//python:aarch64_test -//python:x86_64_test -//python:google/protobuf/pyext/_message.so -//python:proto_api
+            bazel test $BAZEL_FLAGS --cxxopt=-std=c++17 --host_cxxopt=-std=c++17 //python/... -- -//python/dist:source_wheel -//python:aarch64_test -//python:x86_64_test -//python:python_api_test -//python:google/protobuf/pyext/_message.so -//python:proto_api
 
   build_wheels:
     name: Build Wheels
@@ -179,6 +198,8 @@ jobs:
           path: python/requirements.txt
 
   test_wheels:
+    env:
+      PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_EXPECTED_PYTHON_BACKEND: upb
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false   # Don't cancel all jobs if one fails.
       matrix:
@@ -278,6 +299,8 @@ jobs:
           done
 
   test_pure_python_wheels:
+    env:
+      PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_EXPECTED_PYTHON_BACKEND: python
     name: Test Pure Python Wheels
     needs: build_wheels
     strategy:

ci/common.bazelrc

@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ build --remote_download_outputs=all
 # running bazelisk with the --migrate flag and filtering out all flags that
 # default to true or are deprecated.
 build --incompatible_check_sharding_support
-build --incompatible_default_to_explicit_init_py
 build --incompatible_disable_native_android_rules
 build --incompatible_disable_target_provider_fields
 build --incompatible_disallow_empty_glob
@@ -88,4 +87,4 @@ build --verbose_failures
 # check.
 build --features=layering_check
 
-build --enable_platform_specific_config
+build --enable_platform_specific_config

python/BUILD.bazel

@@ -145,7 +145,6 @@ py_extension(
         # casts between function pointers and object pointers.
         "-Wno-pedantic",
     ],
-    target_compatible_with = select(_message_target_compatible_with),
     deps = [
         "//src/google/protobuf:descriptor_upb_reflection_proto",
         "//third_party/utf8_range",

python/build_targets.bzl

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ def build_targets(name):
         }),
         visibility = ["//:__pkg__"],
         deps = [
+            ":_message",  # Enables UPB
             ":python_srcs",
             ":well_known_types_py_pb2",
         ],
@@ -330,6 +331,7 @@ def build_targets(name):
         srcs_version = "PY2AND3",
         visibility = ["//python:__subpackages__"],
         deps = [
+            ":_message",  # enables UPB
             ":protobuf_python",
             ":python_common_test_protos",
             ":python_specific_test_protos",
@@ -468,6 +470,11 @@ def build_targets(name):
         srcs = ["python_version_test.py"],
     )
 
+    internal_py_test(
+        name = "python_api_test",
+        srcs = ["python_api_test.py"],
+    )
+
     conformance_test(
         name = "conformance_test",
         env = {"PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION": "python"},

python/dist/BUILD.bazel

@@ -443,6 +443,7 @@ py_wheel(
     }),
     version = PROTOBUF_PYTHON_VERSION,
     deps = [
+        ":message_mod",  # Enables UPB
         "//:python_common_test_protos",
         "//:python_specific_test_protos",
         "//:python_test_srcs",

python/python_api_test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+# license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at
+# https://developers.google.com/open-source/licenses/bsd
+"""Test that Kokoro is using the intended backend implementation of python."""
+
+import os
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+from google.protobuf.internal import api_implementation
+
+
+class PythonApiTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testExpectedBackend(self):
+    """Test that a python test is using the expected backend."""
+    expected_api_type = os.getenv(
+        'PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_EXPECTED_PYTHON_BACKEND', 'upb'
+    )  # default is UPB.
+
+    self.assertEqual(expected_api_type, api_implementation.Type())
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()