test: add os-targeted integration tests #616

Job	Run time
Benchmarks	5m 49s
Test (linux)	1m 30s
Build (x86_64/linux)	1m 18s
Test (macOS)	1m 25s
Build (aarch64/macos)	1m 37s
Source code checks (stable)	32s
Build (aarch64/linux)	1m 36s
Source code checks (1.75.0)	25s
Build (wasm32/wasi-0.1)	1m 2s
Build (x86_64/windows)	1m 46s
OS target tests (Fedora/latest)	43s
OS target tests (Debian/latest)	8s
OS target tests (Arch Linux/latest)	28s
	18m 19s

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